Read the following materials and answer the questions: The diplomatic affairs of the Qing Dynasty increased compared with the previous generation, especially in the late Qing Dynasty, when diplomatic relations were established with many countries in the world. (1) changes in foreign policy: from closed-door to "open" diplomacy; Changes in diplomatic institutions (3 points): from traditional diplomacy and unorganized diplomacy to modern diplomacy and the establishment of specialized institutions (3 points)

The main reasons are as follows: the great powers opened the door to China and deepened their invasion of China; Changes in the domestic and international situation; The powers need to strengthen their control over China; The need to speed up the modernization of China. (Write three points at will) (6 points)

(2) Pay attention to the selection of diplomatic talents; Formulate a strict censorship system (4 points) and reasonably require China's representatives to attend the Paris Peace Conference; Recover Hankou Jiujiang British Concession; Revocation of extraterritorial jurisdiction; Cairo Conference (write only two points) (four points)

(3) The early days of People's Republic of China (PRC); Reason: New China pursues an independent foreign policy of peace, the support of socialist countries, peaceful coexistence and the idea of seeking common ground while reserving differences. (Write two points at will) (4 points)

The seventies; Reasons: restore the legitimate seat of the United Nations, establish diplomatic relations between China and the United States, and attach importance to the development of third world relations. (Write two points at will) (4 points)

Nineties; With the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the number of newly established countries increased. The bipolar pattern disappeared, developed towards multipolarization, and the international situation eased. (4 points)

leave out