These eight rare cooking methods are translated as follows-
Chun Kao: "Book of Rites" explains: "Chun Kao, fried sugar, added to dry rice, lying on it with cream." Sugar is meat sauce. Cover the rice with meat sauce and pour in animal fat.
Chunmu: Interpretation of the inherent law of The Book of Rites: "Mama Chun, stir-fry the sugar, add it to the millet dish and make it into a paste." It's similar to pure roasting, except that pure wood pours the meat sauce on the rice. In fact, the spring exam and Chunmu are today's 1. 1% rice.
Gun dolphin, bubble roe (sheep): the word gun originated from gun punishment in Yin Dynasty, that is, charcoal was used to heat a copper column to make sinners stand on the hot column. Cooking is done by shelling, that is, roasting mud pigs and sheep on an urgent fire. The Book of Rites explains: "Taking a dolphin as a cannon, cutting it (preferably a ewe) [Gui Li's knife] is really a date in the womb, so you can make it up and draw it carefully. Guns and butchers are all dry. Break it. Wipe it and change it into skin, which is the idea of rice flour (rice flea). If you pay the dolphins to fry the paste, the paste will be reduced. The giant wok soup is spread out with a small sauce, so that the soup is not reduced, and the fire is not turned off for three days and three nights, and then the acyl tone is used. " The marksmanship recorded in the Book of Rites is to slaughter pigs and sheep, take out their organs, fill dates into their bellies, tie them with straw ropes, coat them with sticky mud, and barbecue them in the fire. After baking the sticky mud, break it off and dry it, and a film will peel off on the skin. Then make a paste with rice flour and spread it on pigs and sheep. Then, put oil in a small tripod without suffering from pigs and sheep, put herbs in the tripod, and put the tripod in a big tripod full of soup. The soup in the big pot won't boil in the small pot. The fire lasted for three days and nights, and the soup in the big tripod and the oil in the small tripod boiled together. Three days later, the pot of pork, pigs and sheep was crisp and dipped in vinegar and meat sauce.
Jane: It is to take the tenderloin of herbivores such as cattle, sheep, pigs, deer and roe deer, beat it repeatedly, remove the tendons and pound it into minced meat. "For the handle" and "Tao" are the same meaning. "Book of Rites": "Jane, if you take the meat of cattle, sheep, elk and elk, it must be [moon ash]. Everything is like a cow. Hit it, turn it over, remove its bait, cook it, take it out, remove it (shake its right hand and replace it with skin) and soften its meat. " This means that the tenderloin of these animals is repeatedly mashed, then cooked, peeled off and mixed with vinegar and meat sauce.
Waterlogging: "Book of Rites Internal Rules": "Waterlogging, if you take beef, you will kill new people. If you cut it thin, you must be strict with it. Show all kinds of fine wines and eat them in the future to make them sour and [unitary]. " Fresh beef, cut into pieces, soaked in good wine for a day, mixed with meat sauce, plum meat and vinegar, and eaten. 【 Unitary meaning 】 Plum meat.
Chef: The Book of Rites: "Shoot it down [shake off the right side and replace it with skin], weave it, spread beef, sprinkle cinnamon and ginger, sprinkle salt and eat it dry. So do sheep. Elk, deer and goose are all like cattle and sheep. If you want to stew the meat, put it out and fry it. Eat dry meat. " It means: Mash raw meat, remove fascia, spread it on a mat made of reed grass, sprinkle with ginger and cinnamon, soak it in salt, and dry it before eating. If you want to eat something with juice, wet it with water and fry it with meat sauce. If you want to eat dry meat, mash it soft, similar to beef jerky today.
Liver: "Take a dog's liver, use it to turn power into the moon, use moxibustion to turn the edge into a reef into a fire, and use it to turn power into the moon." Take a dog liver, cover it with dog net oil and burn it on the fire. [Labor is replaced by the moon], which is net oil. When the wet oil is dry, it won't taste bitter. Polygonum hydropiper was used as food at that time. "Take the rice, lift the [rice flea], and cut the paste of the wolf [Shu Yue] into small pieces to make the rice exhausted." Mix rice flour with water, add small pieces of wolf breast fat and cook into thick porridge.
In addition to these eight treasures, there is another cooking method: San. "Book of Rites Neize" explains: "Nao, take three kinds of meat from cattle and sheep and cut it into rice. Two pieces of rice and a piece of meat are used as bait and fried. " Divide cattle, sheep and pork into three equal parts. Two portions of rice flour and one portion of synthetic cake are fried in oil. Similar to today's meat pie.
In the era of the Emperor of Zhou, it was most important for the emperor to eat fat. The Book of Songs: "Bo Shuo is not a fat pig. At this time, you should choose fat pigs and sheep as sacrifices and food. The word "tapir" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions is a symbol of boar castration. The ancients invented castration a long time ago and fattened pork through castration. The Zhou dynasty began to dismember and eat meat. Pigs are roughly divided into seven parts called "seven bodies" and subdivided into twenty-one parts called "body solution". All ministries have been given names. For example, [broken meat for meat] (meat), gluten (meat on both sides), [tenderloin] (tenderloin) and [moon ash] (tenderloin). Take pigs for example. At that time, the most precious part of a pig was actually a very fat "neck", that is, the fat part under the pig's neck, which is called "rotten head meat" today. "Xie Jin Xiongnu Biography" records: "Yuan Di started to build businesses in the town, and public and private businesses have been exhausted. Every time I get a dolphin, I think it's a rare meal. I will give you a You Mei in recognition of the emperor. I dare not eat under the group, just call it (forbidden). " At that time, Xiangzhong was dedicated to the emperor, and ministers were afraid to eat it, so it was called "ban".
At that time, the ancients made good use of dates, chestnuts, candied fruit and honey, and made good use of fat oil to make soup. Its soup, tender bean sprouts beef, celery mutton and Osmunda pork. Use all kinds of sauces. Eat dried slices with ant egg sauce, dried porridge with rabbit sauce, sliced elk with fish sauce, sliced fish with mustard sauce, rice with snail sauce, rice with dog sauce, caviar for cooking fish and meat sauce for roast chicken. There are 120 sauces.
At that time, the ancients used six valleys, six livestock, six beasts and six birds. He also warned that six kinds of food were poisonous and fasted. These six things are: a cow that barks and stinks at night, a sheep with messy hair and stinks, a pig that stinks at night, a bird with dry feathers, a coquettish dog with depilated tail, and a sick horse with a black back and festering spots on one leg.
He also warned: "Don't eat young turtles. The wolf belongs to the intestine, the dog to the kidney, the cat to the spine (bobcats to the spine), the rabbit to the tail end of the spine, the fox to the head, the dolphin to the brain, the fish to B (the bone next to the fish eye), and the turtle to the ugly (that is, the skull). " "The young tail is not fully grasped, eating Shu, mandarin fish, Shu, chicken liver, goose kidney, ostrich and deer stomach." Bird's tail is less than a grip, goose and duck's tail, swan and owl's ribs, chicken liver, goose's kidney, great bustard's spleen gland, and deer's stomach can't be eaten.
Eight treasures in the Zhou Dynasty were originally eight rare cooking methods, and later became synonymous with rare dishes. "The Biography of the Three Kingdoms Wei Wei Ji": "The food of diet must have the taste of eight treasures." Bao Shen Jun has a poem: "Eight treasures are all carved, and the food is wrong." With the passage of time, the contents of Babel are constantly enriched. In Tang poetry, Du Fu's two sentences, "The red hump is brought out from the jade broiler, and the fragrant fish is pointed out from the crystal tray" and "The yellow door flies" (the right side of the saddle word is replaced by an empty word), which constantly brings precious dishes from the royal chef ",show that the chef's eight treasures at that time already had two dishes, namely hump and white fish, and both aquatic products and mountain products entered the eight treasures. In the Yuan Dynasty, two new eight treasures appeared in historical materials, which were completely different from the eight treasures of the Zhou Dynasty. According to the history of the Yuan Dynasty, one of the two new eight treasures is; Dragon liver, phoenix marrow, leopard fetus, carp tail, roasted owl, scarlet lips, bear's paw, crispy cicada. Among them, Gan Long and Liu Ruoyu's "History of Fire Collection in the Ming Palace" records that the dragon egg is actually the egg of a white stallion in October in the Ming Palace. By analogy, the dragon liver is probably the liver of a white horse. An owl is an owl. Crispy cream cicada, "is made of sheep fat. "Notes on Liuyanzhai": "Today, it is a crisp snail, and its shape and snail are not good at the beginning, like the belly of a cicada. "It is a kind of dairy product similar to cicada belly. The other eight treasures are: quince (high-grade cream), swallow (small roe deer's neck), wild camel's hoof, deer's lips, elk (small elk), roasted swan, purple jade cream and Yuxuan cream (jade cream is today's horse milk).
In Ming and Qing dynasties, there were eight treasures of land and water: sea cucumber, shark's fin, fish crisp bone, fish belly, bird's nest, bear's paw, deer tendon and mussel mold. Eight treasures in the mountains: bear's paw, deer's tail, elephant trunk, hump, civet cat, leopard tire, lion's milk and macaque head. Water eight treasures: shark's fin, fish lip, sea cucumber, abalone, skirt, scallop, fish crisp bone and frog. Later, there were two opinions about the top, middle and bottom eight treasures.
Eight treasures: A: scarlet lip, hump, Hericium erinaceus, bear's paw, bird's nest, wax cake, deer tendon and yellow lip gum. B: Red lips, bird's nest, hump, bear's paw, leopard fetus, deer tendon, frog and Hericium erinaceus.
Babel: A: shark's fin, tremella, civet, broad belly, shad, frog, fish lips and skirt. B: Shark's fin, fish bone, dragon fish sausage, Sichuan aconite, tripe, abalone, scallop and abalone.
The next eight treasures: A: sea cucumber, Gracilaria lemaneiformis, Tricholoma giganteum, Sichuan bamboo shoots, red scale fish, Jiangxi Yaozhu, oyster yolk and mullet eggs. B: Sichuan bamboo shoots, tremella, Tricholoma giganteum, Hericium erinaceus, skirts, fish lips, mullet eggs and civets.
The name Babel became worse and worse later.
There is a saying of "Little Eight Treasures" in the Record of Yangzhou Painting Boat: "Little Eight Treasures are sold in leisure hotels and temples where fireworks are not released. Such as spring and summer bamboo shoots, tooth bamboo shoots, Chinese toon, early leek, fungus and lettuce. There are edamame, celery, watermelon, radish, winter bamboo shoots and pickles in autumn and winter. The aquarium has fresh shrimps, screws and smoked fish. Livestock are frozen hoofs, salted ducks, fried chickens and smoked chickens. "
"Bashang set eight fresh line. Eight fresh ones, ling, lotus root, taro, persimmon, shrimp, crab, turtle and radish. "
Vegetables can also be included in Bazhen. Yangzhou prose has "Eight Treasures of Early Summer": "When it was popularized, shad, cherry, bamboo shoot, amaranth, broad bean, garlic sprout, wheat kernel and flowering radish were listed as the Eight Treasures of Early Summer."
Classified eight treasures throughout the year.
And "Bazhen Soup". In the Beijing Opera Four Gentlemen, Sun is good at making eight-treasure soup. This soup is a food method in Shaanxi. It is said that Fu Qingzhu made longevity soup in memory of his mother. His mother drank the soup and lived to be eighty-four years old. Later, the law was passed on to the folk Ga family, who opened a "Qinghe Garden" shop in Taiyuan, specializing in making this soup. This soup is made of mutton, sheep fat oil, yam, lotus root, Huimian Noodles (steamed wheat flour), astragalus root, yellow wine and yellow distiller's grains juice. Mutton, yam and lotus root are all rotten and crisp like porridge, with the taste of wine and wheat. You can't drink this soup with salt, and you can't add soy sauce and vinegar when you eat it. You can only drink lightly. Old Shanxi people drink this soup on Wednesday in winter, just like old Beijing drinks bean juice. This soup has the effects of suppressing yin and nourishing yang, nourishing qi and blood, resisting cold and relieving asthma. Ranked first among the top ten famous foods of Jin people.