Dietotherapy is mainly suitable for the following categories: hyperthyroidism, high fever, burns, lying-in women, those who need to gain weight, and convalescent patients.

Diet, principle: add meals twice on the basis of basic diet, such as milk, soybean milk, eggs, lotus root starch, cakes and so on. The dining room of ordinary dieters, such as semi-liquid or liquid diet, and concentrated foods such as cream and chocolate. The daily total heat supply is about 12.55 MJ(3000 kcal). Scope of application: patients with malnutrition, severe anemia, burns, nephrotic syndrome, major surgery and advanced cancer.

Diet, principle: On the basis of basic diet, add foods rich in protein, such as meat, fish, eggs, milk, tofu, etc. Protein provides 2g per kg of body weight every day, but the total amount does not exceed 120g, and the total heat is10.46 ~12.552mj (2500 ~ 3000kcal). Scope of application: protein's intake is limited, such as acute nephritis, uremia and hepatic coma.

Diet and Principles: Vegetables and foods with high sugar content should be supplemented to maintain normal calories, and the daily intake of protein should be limited to below 40g. Scope of application: patients with hepatobiliary diseases, hyperlipidemia, arteriosclerosis, obesity and diarrhea.

In terms of diet, the principle: avoid using more animal oil, and use vegetable oil instead of fried and greasy food. The daily fat intake is below 50g. Scope of application: patients with heart disease, nephropathy (acute and chronic nephritis), liver cirrhosis (ascites), severe hypertension but mild edema.

In terms of diet, the principle: low-salt diet, the daily available salt should not exceed 2g (containing 0.8g sodium), but it does not include natural sodium chloride in food. Scope of application: according to the scope of application of low-salt diet, but those with severe edema.

Diet, principle: salt-free diet, except the sodium content in food, no salt is put in cooking. Low-sodium diet, in addition to salt-free, must also control the natural sodium content in food intake (below 0.5g per day), and use salted food with caution. For those without salt and low sodium, foods and drugs containing sodium should also be banned, such as baking powder (fried dough sticks), soda (containing baking soda) and sodium bicarbonate drugs. Scope of application: patients with hypermetabolic state, patients with gastrointestinal fistula,

Diet, principle: preoperative preparation and postoperative malnutrition, enteritis and other diarrhea patients, dyspepsia and malabsorption, tumor patients, etc. It is a balanced diet composed of amino acids, monosaccharides, fatty acids, vitamins, inorganic salts and trace elements in a certain proportion. It can be taken orally, with an oral temperature of about 37℃, 50 ml per hour, and gradually increased to 100 ml. The temperature of nasal feeding and jejunostomy is 4 1-42℃, which is increased from 50ml to120ml every hour, and shall not exceed150ml at the earliest, as far as possible. Pay attention to sterility, and all utensils must be autoclaved before use.

* elemental diet, also known as essential diet, is a kind of slag-free diet, which contains all kinds of nutrients necessary for human body and can be absorbed in the upper part of small intestine without digestion or slight hydrolysis. Usually dry powder. It can be diluted with water for oral or tube feeding. Special treatment diet includes diabetes diet, low purine diet, wheat starch diet, low copper diet, lactose-free diet, acute renal failure diet, renal dialysis diet, liver failure diet and so on.