Shanghai Cooperation Organization; Russian: шанха? йская организа? ция сотру? дничества, abbreviated as? ШОС; English: Shanghai Cooperation Organization? SCO).
It is an international organization composed of People's Republic of China (PRC), Russian Federation, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Pakistan, India and Iran.
There are also three observer countries: Mongolia, Belarus, Afghanistan (former government) and nine dialogue partners: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cambodia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Qatar. The working languages are Chinese and Russian.
The total membership area is about 36 million square kilometers, accounting for about 3/5 of the total area of Eurasia, and the population is about 3.4 billion, accounting for about 43% of the world's total population.
This is the second international intergovernmental organization established in China and the first international intergovernmental organization named after the city of China. The Shanghai Cooperation Organization claims to solve the border problems among member States in the spirit of Shanghai.
Architecture:
The highest decision-making body of the SCO is the Council of Heads of State, which meets once a year to decide all important issues of the SCO. The Council of Heads of Government (Prime Ministers) meets once a year to discuss the strategy and priority areas of multilateral cooperation under the framework of the Organization, decide on principles and important issues in economic and other fields, and adopt the organizational budget. The working languages of Shanghai Cooperation Organization are Chinese and Russian.
In addition to the meetings of the Council of Heads of State and the Council of Heads of Government, the operational mechanism also includes meetings of Parliament, the Secretary of the Security Council, the Ministers of Foreign Affairs, Defence, Emergency Relief, Economy and Trade, Transport, Culture, Education, Health, Law Enforcement, the President of the Supreme Court and the Attorney General.
The Council of National Coordinators of SCO member States is a coordination mechanism under the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization.
guiding principle
The Shanghai Cooperation Organization regards the "Shanghai Spirit" with "mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality, consultation, respect for various civilizations and seeking common development" as the principle of mutual relations, as well as the principles of non-alignment, non-targeting at other countries and regions and opening to the outside world. The Shanghai Cooperation Organization holds a formal meeting of heads of state of member States once a year, and a regular meeting of heads of government in turn in member States.
The purpose of the organization is to strengthen mutual trust and good-neighborliness among member States; Encourage member States to carry out effective cooperation in the fields of politics, economy and trade, science and technology, culture, education, energy, transportation and environmental protection; Jointly safeguard and safeguard regional peace, security and stability; Establish a democratic, just and reasonable new international political and economic order.
The official stressed that the Shanghai Cooperation Organization is not a closed military and political group, so it cannot be compared with NATO. The SCO's defense and security always follow the principles of openness, openness and transparency, non-alignment, non-confrontation and non-targeting against any other country or organization, and always advocate a new security concept of mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and cooperation.
In the west, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization is regarded as a security guarantee group in Central Asia led by China and Russia, and in the east, it is regarded as the future balancer of NATO.