Sumerians are making bread, which is a delicious food provided by Sumerians to mankind. Archaeologists unearthed a large number of brick stoves and multi-eye cooking stoves in the ancient city of Sumeriaur around 1800 BC. Sumerians ground barley into flour, made dough, added baking powder, and then baked it. Besides date palm juice, honey is the main sweetener.
The invention of bread stimulated the production of wine, especially beer. Some scholars believe that Egypt developed the earliest brewing industry. In fact, it was the Sumerians who first provided wine to mankind. According to the clay tablets of Sumerian civilization, Sumerians had mature brewing technology at least 6000 years ago, at least 2000 years earlier than Egypt. According to cuneiform records at that time, Sumerians knew the compound fermentation method, and made drinks from barley, wheat and rye through fermentation. Archaeological excavations also prove that there were workshops for brewing wine at that time, with stoves, drums and jars or barrels for holding wine.
In addition, a drinking tube for drinking was found, probably because there is a drinking tube for drinking in the wine, which is probably the most unique way to drink. Some residues are filtered by drinking pipes. This kind of beer that ancient Mesopotamians drank was much stronger than clarified beer. According to today's statement, it is rich in vitamin B 12 and is an important source of essential nutrients for human body.
At that time, the main types of wine were beer, followed by date palm wine, wine and spirits. The production of wine is very simple, without any additives. Just put the cracked grapes in a container and ferment them into wine at the right temperature for a few days.
In Babylonian times, women were the main winemakers. Usually brewed and sold at home, this kind of family pub is very common in Mesopotamia. Code of hammurabi made special mention of women who run hotels. It can be said that this is the first beer price control law in the world. The first bowl of Code is decorated with lines, dots, crosses and straight lines of roses, and painted with black, white and red, with rich colors and sharp contrast. Assyrian King Ashur's articles 108 and11stipulate that women who sell beer at high prices will be thrown into the river; If prisoners are allowed to drink in hotels without reporting to the authorities, they will be sentenced to death.
Wine is Mesopotamia's favorite drink. Sumerians spend 40% of their annual harvest on brewing beer. Ordinary temple employees can get 1.75 pint beer ration every day; People of higher status, such as priests, can get five times this ration every day. During the Assyrian Empire, successive military victories stimulated the development of the wine-making industry. In a large number of stone carvings and murals, we can all see drinking scenes.
The "wine luminous cup" must be exquisite with wine, kitchen utensils and tableware, and the fork used by westerners may also have been invented by Mesopotamians. In archaeological excavations, some single-pointed bone forks were found. It is generally believed that the fork was invented in the 4th century AD during the Eastern Roman Empire. The discovery of Sumerian ruins advanced the invention by at least 2000 years.
Recently, three clay tablets in the Babylonian Antiquities Exhibition Hall of Yale University were deciphered and proved to be the recipes of the great legislator Hammurabi around BC 1700. This is considered to be the earliest cooking manual in the world. The dishes mentioned in the menu include stewed meat, hilly mutton cooked with garlic, onion, fat oil and yogurt, and exquisite bronze frying pan made of stewed radish, which was more than 5,000 years ago. The "stewed radish" on the menu such as cloth reads: no meat, add fat oil after boiling, and add onion, thorn, coriander, fennel and Calassou; Mash leeks and garlic and pour them on vegetables; Add onion and mint. The coriander here is the coriander that we often use as seasoning today. Carasu is a kind of beans, and thorns may be the unique seasoning in the two river basins.