Wu Qi (440 BC-38 BC1year), surnamed Jiang, was born in Wu and Zuo (now Cao County, Shandong Province). Military strategist, politician, reformer and representative of military strategist in the early Warring States period.

He lived in Shandong, Wei and Chu all his life. He was familiar with military strategists, legalists and Confucianism, and made great achievements in internal affairs and military affairs. When he was in Chu, he assisted the king of Chu in presiding over the political reform. In the twenty-first year of King Zhou An (38 BC1), he was killed for offending the conservative nobles because of the political reform.

His works include The Art of War by Woods, which was handed down from generation to generation, and was also called "Sun Wu" with soldier Sun Wu. Now, he is listed as one of the top ten philosophers in Wu Temple. Song Huizong became one of the seventy-two generals in Wudian, following the sealing of Zongbo.

Basic introduction: Wu Qi's real name: Time: Early Warring States Period (Lu → Wei → Chu) Nationality: Huaxia Nationality Birthplace: Zuo Birth Time: 440 BC, Death Year: 38 1 year BC, main work: The Art of War, main achievement: Qiang Wei Fuchu; He founded the military pawn system in Wei and seized the land of Hexi in Qin. Wuqi Reform pursues respect: Guangzongbo's life, abandoning Confucian soldiers, serving lujun, crushing Qin Jun, Wuqi Reform, being killed, military thoughts, personal works, character evaluation, status of later generations, anecdotes and allusions, exhorting Wei Wuhou, Wuqi attacking the cabinet, Wuqi keeping a promise, Wuqi divorcing his wife, mourning for later generations, Wuqi County, Qitai Town, artistic image and literary image. In order to seek political development, he ran around looking for ways, spent a lot of money, lost everything, didn't get an official position, and was laughed at and vilified by fellow villagers. Wuqi was furious and killed more than 30 people who slandered him. When he was ready to escape, he swore to his mother, "I will never return to Wei unless I become a dear minister." Wu Qi first studied Confucianism under Zeng Shen, son of Zeng Shen, a disciple of Confucius. After the death of Wu Qi (the historical general of the Three Kingdoms 12), Wu Qi did not follow the Confucian creed of loyalty and filial piety. Zeng Shen thought he was unfilial and unworthy to be a Confucian disciple, and broke off the mentoring relationship with Wu Qi. Since then, Wuqi abandoned the Confucian soldiers. In 4 12 BC, Lu Jun and Qi sent troops to attack Lu. Duke Mu of Lu wanted to appoint Wuqi, but Wuqi's wife was from Qi, and Duke Mu became suspicious. Wuqi longed for success, so he killed his wife to show that he was not partial to Qi. Duke Mu of Lu appointed Wu Qi as the general and led the army to defeat the Qi army. Later, Lu Mugong became suspicious of Wuqi and removed Wuqi's official position. Ji Sun, the owner of Wuqi, was also killed for neglecting guests. After Wu Qi was persuaded, he left Lu for Wei. 409 years before Qin Jun's defeat, Wei Wenhou appointed Wuqi as general, conquered Linjin and Yuanli in Hexi area of Qin State, and built a city. The following year, Wu Qi once again led an army to attack the State of Qin, until he reached Zheng County. Qin can only retreat to Luoshui and build fortifications along the river. In the war with Qin Jun, Wuqi never considered himself superior to ordinary foot soldiers. Sleep on the uneven ridge at night and cover your body with leaves to avoid frost and dew. In this way, Wei, together with Fan Pang (now southeast of hancheng city, Shaanxi Province) occupied by Gongzi in 4 12, occupied all the Hexi area that originally belonged to Qin, and set up Xihe County here. On the recommendation of Huang Zhai, Wuqi was appointed as the first county magistrate. During Wu Qi's tenure in Xihe County, he studied Confucianism from Xia Zi, reformed the military system of Wei, and established the system of soldiers. During Wuqi's tenure as the chief of Xihe River, Wucheng (now southwest of xiaoyi city) was built to resist the attack of Qin State. 389 years before Wuqi statue in Wuqi Square, Qin sent 500,000 troops to attack Yin Jin of Wei State. Wuqi personally led 50,000 people who had never made the meritorious military service, plus 500 chariots and 3,000 cavalry to defeat Qin Jun. Before 387, Wei Wuhou took Wuqi as the general and led an army to crusade against Qi to Lingqiu (east of tengxian, Shandong). After Wuqi's political reform, Wuqi defected to the State of Chu, and Moron, the king of Chu, appointed Wuqi as the prefect of Wancheng, and was promoted to Lingyin a year later. Wu Qi, as a hermit, carried out drastic reforms in Chu, and the specific measures were: making laws and publishing them to the public so that officials and people could understand them. All nobles who have established a monarch will be disqualified from the title after three generations; Stop the regular supply of alienated aristocrats and enrich domestic aristocrats to remote places with vast territory and sparse population. Eliminate and reduce unimportant officials, cut their salaries, and use the wealth saved for Qiang Bing. Correct the bad atmosphere of damaging public interests and personal interests and loyalty in Chu officialdom, and let Chu officials serve their country wholeheartedly regardless of personal honor or disgrace. Unify the customs of Chu State and prohibit private assistance. Change the "second-edition wall" to the four-edition fortification method to build the capital of Chu (now northwest of Jiangling City, Hubei Province). After the political reform in Wuqi, the State of Chu became powerful, attacking Baiyue in the south and expanding its territory to Dongting Lake and Cangwu County. In 38 1 BC, Chu sent troops to help Zhao, and fought Wei Jun in Zhou Xi (now west of southwest of Wuzhi County, Henan Province). The Chu army crossed Liangmen (located in Guansai, northwest of Daliang), stationed in the forest (located in the north of Liangmen), and drank horses in the Yellow River, cutting off the connection between Hanoi County of Wei State and Anyi (now northwest of Xiaxian County of Shanxi Province). With the help of Chu's offensive, Zhao captured Chipu (now south of Wei County, Hebei Province) and conquered the imperial city (now south of guanxian, Shandong Province). Chu and Zhao defeated Wei Jun, and the governors were all afraid of Chu's power, but Wuqi's political reform aroused the resentment of the nobles of Chu, and also laid a fatal disaster for themselves. 38 1 One year before he was killed, the king of Chu, Mo Ning, died, and the nobles of Chu took the opportunity to launch a mutiny against Wuqi. The nobles wounded Wuqi with arrows. Wuqi drew his arrow and fled to the place where the king of Chu mourned. He stuck an arrow in the king of Chu and shouted, "The princes rebelled and murdered my king." When the nobles shot Wuqi, they also shot the body of the king of Chu. According to the law of Chu, it is a felony to hurt the king's body, and the three clans will be destroyed. After Su, king of Chu, succeeded to the throne, he ordered Yin to execute all those who shot the bodies of Wuqi and Moring, king of Chu, and more than 70 people were involved in genocide. Wu Qi's body was also sentenced to dismemberment. After Wu Qi's death, his political reform in Chu failed. Military Thought Wu Qi's military thought mainly focuses on Woods' Art of War. In Woods' The Art of War, Wu Qi advocated the combination of politics and military affairs, and both of them should be paid equal attention to. On the premise of paying equal attention to politics and military affairs, Wuqi paid more attention to political education and governed the military and civilians with Tao, righteousness, courtesy and benevolence. Starting from the causes of war, Wuqi also divided the war into different natures, such as volunteers, Qiang Bing, rigid soldiers, violent soldiers and rebellious soldiers, and advocated taking a cautious attitude towards the war and opposing militaristic tactics. There are 48 Wu Qi's personal works, Han Shu Yi Wen Zhi. There are only six existing "Woods Art of War", including painting the country, guarding against the enemy, managing the army, discussing generals, coping with emergencies and inspiring. The Art of War by Woods occupies an important position in China's ancient military classics. Later generations refer to Woods' The Art of War and Sun Tzu's Art of War as Sun Wu's Art of War. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Woods' The Art of War was included in The Five Classics and Seven Books. Evaluation of Li Kui's personality: greedy and lustful, but impossible to cross the border by force. Lin: the husband is expensive and the soldier is expensive; On the top, change the axis to attack and capture. Those who make good use of it don't know where it comes from when they are elected. Sun Wu used it, and the world is invincible. Lu Zhonglian: Men who eat meat and cook bones have no heart to resist the North. He is a soldier of Sun Bin and Wuqi. Mencius: Good at fighting, such as the disciples of Sun Bin and Wuqi. Link governors, such as Su Qin and Yi Cheung. Fan Ju: When Wuqi started mourning for the king, so that death would not harm people, hide loyalty, take false words, take false words, and do nothing to discredit the king, Qiang Bing, a rich country, would not hesitate to do evil. Cai Ze: Wuqi mourned Chu, saying that he was incompetent, useless and enterprising. At the invitation of the private door, for the custom of Chu, attacking Chen and Cai in the south and breaking up in the north, making people talk about nothing. Han Fei: There was no Wu Qi in the Chu rebellion. Wei Liaozi: There are hundreds of thousands of people, but who is the best in the world? Duke Huan of Yue also. There are 70 thousand people who don't deserve this world. Also called "Wuqi". There are 30 thousand people who don't deserve this world. Wu Yuezi also. Woods Slaughters the Country: 76 battles with princes, 64 wins, and the rest are solved. It is a great achievement to penetrate the earth from all directions and expand the land for thousands of miles. Jia Yi: Wu Qi, Sun Bin, Dai Tuo, Ni Liang, Liao Wang, Tian Ji, Lian Po and Zhao She led the troops. Sima Qian: (1) All teachers and brigades referred to in the secular world are based on Thirteen Chapters of Sun Tzu and The Art of War of Wuqi, and there are countless people in the world, so it is necessary to talk about those who act. As the saying goes: "What can be done may not be said, and what can be said may not be done." Sun Tzu's plan is brilliant, but he can't save people from punishment. Wuqi said that the marquis of Wu did it in Chu because the situation was not as good as that of Germany, and it was not so kind to die. Sad husband! If you don't believe in honesty, you can't pass the sword, but you can be a fellow. You can cure the body inside and be flexible outside. A gentleman is better than a gentleman. Liu Xiang: Those who died in Su Qin, Shang Yang, Sun Bin, Wuqi and Lisi destroyed their bodies, while vassals and Qin used them to destroy their countries. Ban Gu: At that time, Wu had Sun Wu, Qi had Sun Bin, Wei had Wuqi and Qin had Shang Yang, all of whom captured the enemy and won. 2 Peter Sun and Wu Zhe are snobbish and expensive; When applied to a country with unconscious riots, there is a gap between the monarch and the minister, and the political plan is not good. So changeable and deceitful, the city wants to kill people, and the land wants people. Sun, Wu, Shang and Bai were all killed in the front, and the country died in the back. The trend of retribution is different, and each has its own way. Cao Cao: Wu Qi was greedy for generals, so he killed his wife with confidence, distributed money as an official, and his mother died, but in Wei, Qin people dared not go east, in Chu, and Sanjin dared not go south. Cao Pi: Wu Qi, wicked husband. Smart little people can make great plans. He Jian of Xihe River. What's wrong with burying a body? Ge Hong: Sun Wu Bai Han, the holy man of fighting. Sima Yi: Wuqi is Wei Xiang and Xihe is Xi 'an; If you are miserable, you have the right to stay after death. Zhang Yue: The product of light is erudition, seeking the past is the best, and Wuqi is the enemy of Han Xin. Bai Juyi: Once upon a time, there was a Wu Qizhe whose mother died. What disciple, the heart is not as good as a bird. Don Yan Qian: Laughing at Wu Qi's fame, saying that the country regrets Su Qin. Book of Old Tang Dynasty: Sun, Wu, Han and Bai are leaders of people who speak well. "Study in Qionglin": Sun Bin Wu Qi will praise it slightly; I'm dazzled, I'm unpredictable. Ceng Gong: Travelers in the Warring States Period were not. I don't know if it's credible, but I'm willing to say it easily. Its design, attention and stealing are just the plan of everything. Therefore, it is good to avoid losing when cheating, and to cover up your troubles when fighting. People who do it at the same speed are not only beneficial, but also harmful; The gains are not worth the loss. He died as a disciple of Su Qin, Shang Yang, Sun Bin, Wuqi and Li Si, even to death. In the Qin dynasty, the governors and users also destroyed their country. Is the catastrophe of the world; And vulgar as ever. Changyu: Sun Tzu said, "If you regard a pawn as a son, you can die with him." Share hard work with scholars. He also said: "If you help Zhou, the country will be strong." It is also true that Chi dare not go to Dongxiang to defend Xihe River. Xu Jun: Sima Zu, the art of war is well known, and his wife is terrible. Yu Shi: Wuqi is a general of Lu. It is cruel to kill his wife. Pleasant goat cuts Zhongshan, and the gall is too heartless. Chen: Soldiers do their best, scholars do their best, Xihe makes contributions, protects the country and defends the country, and relies on danger. For example, in Germany, I will give you a word, fighting is a rest. Li Zhi: Wei used by Wu Qi is Wei Qiang, and Chu is Chu Bo. Huang Daozhou: Woods has patience, anger, scolding, ridicule and slander. If mother dies, she will kill her wife and ask for help. Ceng Zi is thin, but lujun is suspicious. However, if you fight, you are not allowed. Share weal and woe, foot soldiers enjoy fighting. Guard the Weixi River, with Qin and Wei in the east. In short, sages measure. Wei ren avoided it and went to Chuxiang. North and south, work in people. Cherish the sins of your sect, and you will eventually lose your body. D: Wuqi, a great general. It is said that virtue is neither dangerous nor dangerous, but it is also heard. What a thief to kill his wife in a hurry for fame! Huang Pengnian: Share weal and woe, have a clear conscience, help each other with one heart, unite as one, be lenient and be close to Wuqi. Zheng: In ancient times, the so-called generals were the so-called Confucian generals, generals, generals, generals and generals. Sun Bin, Wuqi, Tian Lei, Geng Yan, Su Yang, Murong Shaozong, Li Guangbi, Ma Sui, etc. , too. Guo Moruo: Wuqi is an indelible figure in the history of China. Qin used to be called a military scientist Sun Wu and a politician Shang Yang. Status of later generations In the 19th year of Kaiyuan in the Tang Dynasty (73 1), Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty set up a Wu Temple to honor and sacrifice celebrities of past dynasties. It takes Lu Shang, the founding prime minister and strategist of the Zhou Dynasty, as the main sacrifice, and Sean and Liu Hou of the Han Dynasty as the companions, followed by the top ten celebrities in the past dynasties. Le Yi, the Prince of Yan, is one of them, and only Le Yi is listed as one of the "Ten Masters of Wu Temple". By the fifth year of Song Xuanhe (1 123), the Song Dynasty had built shrines for ancient famous soldiers, and Wuqi was among the 72 famous soldiers. Wuqi was also included in Biography of Seventeen History and Hundred Generals, which was written in the Northern Song Dynasty. Anecdotal allusion Wei Wuhou Wei Wuhou once asked Wuqi what he meant in the first year after the monarch ascended the throne. Wu Qi replied: "The first year means that the monarch must act cautiously." Wei Wuhou asked: "How to be cautious?" Wu Qi said, "You should be right." Wei Wuhou asked again, "How should a monarch correct himself?" Wu Qi replied, "You are mainly wise. If your mind is not clear, how can you correct yourself? " ? Then be open-minded, choose from them and make your mind smart. When the ancient monarch began to deal with state affairs, if the literati made suggestions, if the literati invited him, if the people asked him, the monarch would certainly receive him. If the people came to pay their respects, if people from all directions came to defect, the monarch would not refuse. This is a way for monarchs to speak freely, and their eyes will not be blinded. The monarch must be considerate, use punishment appropriately, be kind-hearted, always think of the interests of the people and eliminate the sins of the people, so as not to lose the hearts of the people; The monarch's own style should be decent, trusted ministers should be personally selected and appointed, doctors should not hold other positions, and the power to manage the people should not be in the hands of a family, so that the monarch will not lose power. This is the entrustment in the Spring and Autumn Annals, and it is also an important event that the monarch must do in the first year after he ascended the throne. "Wei Wuhou handles political affairs with ease, which is unmatched by other ministers. Wei Wuhou's face lit up when he retired from North Korea. Wu Qi went up to him and said, "Has anyone ever told you what Chu Zhuangwang said?" Wei Wuhou asked, "what did Chu Zhuangwang say? Wuqi replied, "Chu Zhuangwang is very capable of handling political affairs, and no minister can match him. After he retired from North Korea, he looked worried. When the witch minister of Shen Gong came forward to ask the reason, Chu Zhuangwang said, "I handle political affairs properly, and no one among the ministers can match me." . I am deeply worried. The reason for anxiety lies in Zhong Zhong's words. He said, "Those who can get a master can be called the king of the world, those who can get friends, those who can master princes, those who can ask people, those who can save the country and seek for themselves, and those who can't match will die." Now, with my skill, no one among the ministers can beat me, and my country will perish! Therefore, I am deeply worried. Chu Zhuangwang is worried about it, but you are happy about it. Wei Wuhou stepped back, bowed to Wuqi twice and said, "God sent a gentleman to save my fault. "During the period of Wuqi's appointment as the prefect of Xihe River, there was a sentry box near Wei State in Qin State. This sentry box will do great harm to the peasants of Wei, but it is not worth recruiting troops to attack it. So Wuqi put a shaft outside the north gate, and then ordered: "whoever can move the shaft outside the south gate will be given a fertile field to build a good house." "At first, no one touched it. Finally, someone moved the shaft to the south gate. Wuqi immediately rewarded according to the command line. Soon Wuqi put a stone of red beans outside the east gate and ordered, "Who can move the red beans to the west gate and give them as before?" People are scrambling to move. Finally, Wu Qi ordered: "Tomorrow, we will attack the sentry box. If we can take the lead, we will appoint him as a doctor and reward him with excellent fields and houses. "The people rushed to the war and occupied the sentry box in one morning. Wu Qi kept her promise. Wu Qi went out to see an old friend and invited him to dinner at home. An old friend asked Wu Qixian to wait for him at home, saying that he would go soon. Wu Qi said, "I'll wait for you. "The man didn't come at dusk, Wuqi didn't eat, just wait for him. The next morning, Wuqi sent someone to invite this old friend. It was not until this old friend came that Wu Qicai had dinner with him. Wuqi divorced his wife. Wuqi asked her to knit a ribbon, but the length was shorter than he asked. Wuqi asked her to change, and his wife agreed. Woven and tested, it still doesn't meet the requirements of Wuqi. Wu Qi is very angry. His wife replied, "I finished the thread when I first started knitting, and I can't change it any more." "Wu Qi and his wife divorced. Wu Qi's wife turned to her brother for help. Her brother said, "Wu Qi is a lawmaker. He made laws in order to make contributions to big countries. His decree must be carried out on his wife before it can be carried out. You can't expect to go back. "Wuqi's brother-in-law was later reused by Wang Wei, and he wanted to ask Wuqi to remarry his sister in his personal capacity. Wu Qi did not agree, but left the country. Another way of saying it: Wu Qi showed the woven silk to his wife and asked her to weave it exactly the same. After the ribbon is woven, the new one is particularly good by comparison. Wu Qi said, "Let you weave a ribbon like that one. This one is well woven. What is the reason? " His wife said that the materials used were the same, but I worked harder, so I knitted better. "Wu Qi said," this is not my command. "So I let my wife get dressed and took her back to her family. When her father went to intercede, Wu Qi said, "I never talk empty words at home." Wuqi County is located in the northwest of Yan 'an City, Shaanxi Province, bordering Dingbian County in the northwest, Zhidan County in the southeast, Jingbian County in the northeast and Huachi County in Gansu Province in the southwest. 18 19, Wuqi was established in Jingbian county for the first time in Qing dynasty. According to legend, Wu Qi, a famous Warring States soldier, was stationed here, so it was named in memory of Wu Qi. 193510 June19, Mao Zedong led the Central Red Army and the Red Army of Northern Shaanxi to join forces here, ending the Long March. 1942, Wuqi county was established and later renamed Wuqi county. June 65438+10/October 65438+September 2005 officially changed its name to Wuqi County, which belongs to Yan 'an City. Wuqi Square was built in Wuqi County, with a statue of Wuqi standing in the center of the square. Qitai Town Qitai Town is located in Zhecheng County, Shangqiu City, Henan Province. According to legend, Wu Qi led his troops to crusade against Qi, and once camped here and built a high platform to train soldiers. When the two armies were at war, they suddenly heard the news of their mother's death and were extremely sad. However, Wuqi put the country first, led his troops to war and won a great victory. Later generations built a temple here to commemorate Wuqi, referred to as "Wuqitai Temple" or "Qitai Temple", hence the name Qitai Town. Due to historical reasons, Qitai Temple has not been completely preserved. 1773 The Qitai Temple was rebuilt and a monument was erected here. Now the monument is still standing in Qitai Town. In the historical novel History of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Wuqi appeared in the eighty-fifth episode of Le Yangzi's Angry Sun Shan Soup and Ximen Bao Joe's Send Hebo's Wife. Chapter 86 "Wu Qi killed his wife, and asked the general to take photos without beating drums." Wu Qi worked under Lumugong and married Tian's daughter. Qi, Tian Ji and his army attacked Lu. After Wu Qi killed his wife, he went to the front and shared weal and woe with the soldiers, winning their trust. When the two armies met, Tian He sent Zhang Chou to Wuqizhai for information. Wuqi hid the elite soldiers in the army, deliberately showing the old, the weak and the sick in the army, and the waiter said that he had no intention of fighting Qi, just wanted to make peace and make him numb. When Zhang Chou returned to the camp, Wuqi secretly sent troops to follow him and attacked the main business of the Qi army, which was defeated. Tian He then ordered Zhang Chou to take two beautiful women, bribed Wuqi with gold and Qian Yi, and secretly spread Wuqi's bribery. When Lu Mugong learned of this incident, he was relieved of Wu Qi's official position and prepared to punish him. Wuqi fled to Wei and lived at home. On the recommendation of Huang Zhai, he became the chief of Xihe. After the death of Qin Gonghui, Wuqi took advantage of the Qin chaos and seized five cities in Hexi. The rest of the descriptions are basically the same as those in Historical Records and Biographies of Sun Tzu's Wuqi. In addition, there are modern writers Sun Kaitai and Sun Dong's novel Biography of Wu Qi. Video 1999 TV series "Eastern Zhou and Warring States": Zhang Shan plays Wu Qi. Wuqi is a dramatic image, which appears in famous plays such as Peking Opera, Xiangjiang Festival, Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period.