Hou (19 1765438+1October 29th-1February 4th, 993), Manchu, a famous crosstalk master and performing artist in China, was born in Tianjin.1917. Because of his poor family, he was sent to Hou's home outside Di 'anmen in Beijing by his uncle at the age of four. The adoptive father worked as a cook in the Taubelle family, and his family was poor. Since I was sensible, I have suffered the hardships of the life of the urban poor. 1929, at the age of eleven, he worshipped Yan as a teacher and studied Peking Opera. Do odd jobs, boil water, cook and look after the children all day. At the same time, I go to the Temple of Heaven to sneak my voice every day and practice Peking Opera performances such as Cloud Hand and Rise.
After several years of hard work, our cross talk has finally become the "big axis" of Hou juggling. From the late Qing Dynasty to the 1940s, according to the old rules, the acrobatic garden in Tianjin was always sung by Liu Baoquan and Bai Yunpeng. No matter how good cross talk is, it can only be ranked to the last two. However, Hou's unique art broke through the old rules and added luster to cross talk.
Hou is regarded as the pioneer of phonology and a master of language. During his long 60-year artistic career, he devoted himself to the research and development of crosstalk art, bringing laughter to the audience. A group of crosstalk artists, represented by him, made this art really enter thousands of households and reached a remarkable artistic peak. He devoted his life to cross talk. In addition to creating and performing a large number of popular cross talk jokes, he also made a theoretical study on the origin, laws and artistic skills of cross talk and folk art, and he also paid attention to cultivating the younger generation. Some famous artists active in the cross talk stage were his students. Before his death, he was a member of the Third Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, a deputy to the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth and Seventh National People's Congress, an artistic director of China Broadcasting Art Troupe, and an adjunct professor of Peking University. /kloc-0 died on February 4, 993. Dictate the "last words" before dying: "I talked about cross talk all my life and studied cross talk all my life. My greatest wish is to dedicate the best art to the audience. The audience is my benefactor, my parents, and my teacher. I always feel that decades of cross talk can't repay the audience who raised me, loved me and helped me. It's hard for me to give up this wish now. I sincerely hope that the cross talk that I love and regard as life will be carried forward and more post-Lin Bao will be dedicated to the people. I have been bringing laughter to the audience all my life. If one day I have to say goodbye to the audience forever, I will leave with a smile. I wish you all the best and make a fortune. "
Hou's achievements will be remembered forever.
/kloc-when he was 0/2 years old, Hou began to learn art, first Peking Opera, and later changed to crosstalk because of his love for crosstalk. He studied under Chang, Chang, and so on, and once performed in Tianqiao and Drum Tower in Beijing, saying cross talk, just like many folk artists in the old society, making money to support their families.
During his stay in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Hou cooperated with Guo Qiru to perform in Beijing and Tianjin, and his art became more and more mature and became famous. Moreover, he changed the vulgar atmosphere of cross talk at that time and won wide acclaim for his elegant taste and simple and decent style.
After the founding of New China, Hou was even more youthful in art, and soon became a famous master of art at home and abroad. Since then, he has been determined to reform cross talk. On the one hand, he modified some traditional crosstalk, on the other hand, he created some new crosstalk that reflected real life, such as Marriage Superstition and Together.
After 1959, he joined the rap group of the Central Broadcasting Art Troupe. In the following decades, he recorded a large number of cross talk jokes for china national radio, and at the same time showed his talents on the domestic and international stage, which was well received by the audience and was praised as "the master of cross talk art" and "the magnificent national treasure". In addition, he has served as a member of the Standing Committee of China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, vice chairman of China Quyi Workers Association, and adjunct professor of Peking University and Liaoning University.
In his later years, Hou mainly engaged in the theoretical research of Quyi. Co-authored an Introduction to Quyi, Tracing the Origin of Crosstalk and Collection of Crosstalk Art, etc. Crosstalk works include Selected Crosstalk of Hou Guo Qiru and Selected Crosstalk of Hou. These include famous crosstalk performances, such as Drama Miscellaneous Talk, Night Tour, Guan Gong and Qin Qiong, etc. In addition, he also appeared in comedy films such as Dream in the Garden and Laughter.
Hou is good at imitating various dialects, city sounds and theatrical performances. He speaks cross talk, with clear language, natural movements, free and easy manner, strong and harmonious combination, and unique artistic charm. He attached importance to the knowledge, interest and criticism of cross talk, which played a certain role in the development of cross talk art.
1February 4, 993, Hou died at the age of 77. He is an artist of the people. All his life, he aimed at "bringing laughter and joy to the people" and was respected and loved by people of all ethnic groups in China. We will always miss him.
Main work
No.77 (Hou, Guo Qiru), Beijing dialect (Hou, Guo Qiru), untimely ground breaking (Hou, Hou), riddle (Hou, Hu Renzhong), riddle (Hou Baolin, Jiang Baolin), riddle [complete] (Hou Baolin, Jiang Baolin), riddle (Hou Dafen (Hou Baolin, Guo Qiru), riddle playing. Huang Jintai (after Lin Bao and Zhang Shifang), marriage and superstition (after Lin Bao and Guo Qiru), suing the emperor (after Liu Baorui and Lin Bao), suing the emperor (after Lin Bao and Guo Quanbao), paying rent (after Lin Bao and Guo Qiru), paying rent (Hou Baolin and Guo Quanbao) and drunkards (Hou Baolin and Guo Qiru). Expand the scope and narrow the scope (Hou, Guo Qiru), the prelude to divorce (Hou, Guo Qiru), buying Buddhist shrines (Hou, Guo Qiru), selling steamed stuffed buns (Guo Quanbao, Hou), selling cloth heads (Hou, Guo Qiru), selling horses (Hou, Liu Baorui, Gao Fengshan), making things difficult by skillful hands (Hou Baolin, Guo Qiru) and selling horses. Putonghua and dialects (Hou and Guo Qiru) are modest (Hou He), modest [also known as snoring, breaking and beating], (Hou and Guo Qiru), family photos (Hou He), great (Hou and Guo Qiru), specious (Hou Linbao and Guo Qiru), and wrangling. Ten-thousand-ton hydraulic press (Hou,), Wang Erjie's four husbands (Hou,), Wen Zhaoguan (Hou,), I am a parent (Hou Linbao, Guo Qiru), Wu Songda Hu (Hou Baolin, Guo Quanbao), drama and dialect (Hou Baolin, Guo Qiru), drama and dialect (Hou Baolin, Guo Quanbao). Guo Qiru), Congratulations to you (Hou Yu), Plaster (Hou Guo Qiru), Learning of Laughter (Hou Guo Qiru), Learning of Laughter (Hou Guo Quanbao), Learning of Laughter (Hou Li Guosheng), New vest (Hou Baolin, Guo Qiru), Learning Drum (Hou Baolin, Guo Qiru), Rice (Hou Baolin, Guo Qiru)
Chronology of activities
1950 65438+1October19 The second day of the twelfth lunar month: Beijing Crosstalk Improvement Group was established.
Initiated by crosstalk artists Sun Yukui, Hou, Hou, Gao Deliang, Tong Dafang, Quan, Chang Baoting, Yu Shide 1 1, and co-organized by Beijing Quyi Artists Association, the Beijing Crosstalk Improvement Group was formally established.
1951March 12, the eighth day of the second lunar month: China's first condolence group went to the DPRK.
12 From March to the end of May, the people of China, with Liao Chengzhi as head and Chen Yi and Tian Han as deputy heads, went to the DPRK. Twenty-three people from Beijing's literary and art circles participated in Quyi Service Team, a Quyi condolence group composed of some Quyi acrobats, with Zhang and Lian Kuoru as captains, Cao as vice-captains, Hou, Guo Qiru, Chang,, and Gao as actors. Some performers from China Acrobatic Troupe also participated in the condolence performance in the DPRK. Shen Pengnian, editor of Beijing Federation of Literary and Art Circles, went with the team.
1983, the year of Guihai in the lunar calendar: "China Opera Art Language Research Association" was established.
Hou,,, and others initiated the establishment of the "Drama Language Research Association" and organized academic discussions.
1989 10 12, September 13th of the lunar calendar: The first China Golden Record Award was announced.
Chinese record companies held the first China Golden Record Award in Beijing to celebrate the 40th anniversary of Chinese record publishing. Two awards were awarded, and 88 units and individuals won awards.
Award-winning opera and folk artists
Mei Lanfang, Qiu, Ma, Zhou, Cheng, Li Shiqi, Tong, Li Weikang, Yu Zhenfei, Xin Fengxia, Chang Xiangyu, Lang Xianfen, Red Girl, Yao Xuanqiu, Ding Guoxian, Yuan Xuefen, Xu Yulan, Wang Wenjuan, Fan Ruijuan, Fu Quanxiang, Ding Shie, Chen Shufang and Jinghua.
Award-winning units of China opera and folk art
Wuxi Tin Troupe in xi City, Yi Sushe, and Jilin Folk Art Troupe.
An unfinished masterpiece.
In the late 1950s, I lived in peace with my work unit in Hou. Sometimes we all go to Liuquanju for dinner at noon, and we have a good time meeting and chatting. 1957 10.4 Shortly after the launch of the first Soviet satellite, Hou met again in Liuquanju. He said to me happily, "I saw your poem" Hail the first satellite to the sky "in Beijing Daily, and I was very interested. I want to write a cross talk based on it. " "What? The content of that poem can also be written as a cross talk? " "Yes, just use a sentence from your poem." "Which sentence?" "Chang 'e will return to China on the moon! "
Hou said to him, "Think about it. In the future, humans will fly by satellite and return to their hometown on the moon with Chang 'e, WU GANG and the White Rabbit. When they return to China, they will see the new China today. Compared with their life when they flew to the moon, they will have many comic impressions, which is very suitable for cross talk. "
"This is really a good theme and a good idea." Just as I was feeling that Hou's mind was delicate, Hou then looked at the food on my desk with the eyes of a gourmet according to his instructions, and contacted the topic of what Chang 'e, WU GANG and White Rabbit should invite to eat.
Hou once pointed out to me that Liuquanju is an authentic Beijing restaurant. You can't eat spicy hot pot and sashimi porridge here. For lunch, you can eat two small pieces of home-cooked cakes, a small plate of fried meatballs and a small bowl of hot and sour soup. Cheap and good. If you have a dollar and eighty cents, you can eat well, which is right. Next time, for a change, eat a small bowl of rice, a small bowl of rice flour meat, and don't have hot and sour soup. A bowl of old Tonga and a few slices of coriander will get tired of it. The recipes he opened in Liuquanju are as unique as those he entertained Hong Kong guests to eat sesame cakes and millet porridge in his own home, accompanied by elbow flowers with Tianfu sauce, Wang Zhihe fermented bean curd and Liubiju pickles. That day, the first menu he designed for me, home-cooked cakes and fried meatballs, was on my desk. I said, can I invite Chang 'e to eat this? He immediately said, how can that be done? Don't invite Chang 'e, please don't invite any young lady to eat pancakes. The lady is eating pancakes with her mouth open, which is indecent. I changed my mind and said, "Then treat WU GANG to pancakes." Hou said, "I've thought about it. If WU GANG is a Beijinger, we will invite him to eat fried sesame bean curd and package him in Liuquanju. In the morning, we will go to Huguo Temple to drink bean juice. The white rabbit doesn't need hot dishes, but Liu Quanju can eat cold shredded carrots. I didn't think about Chang 'e's food, but I thought about wine, so we can't drink osmanthus wine ... """Why?" "There are a lot of osmanthus wine in the Moon Palace. When Yang and Liu martyrs admire the moon, Wu Gang wants to hold osmanthus wine! " "What to drink?" "The lotus in Beijing is white, elegant and clear, suitable for Chang 'e ..."
Hou's words are as wonderful as cross talk. His unfinished masterpiece 46 years ago still often appears in my heart. At that time, he failed to create this work, because he was waiting for the day when the Chinese people successfully flew, and he finished this romantic rap literature with the finishing touch.
Now, Shenzhou 5 manned spacecraft has successfully returned to the ground. Two years later, China will fly to the moon. If only Hou could hear and see this scene!