First, the ancestors of the Qin dynasty guarded Xi Chui. As early as Shang Dynasty, Zhong Yi, the ancestor of Qin Dynasty, was already in Chui. According to Records of the Historian Qin Benji, Zhong Yi was "in Xirong, guarding Xi Chui" and Rong Wang Shenhou once advised Xiao Wang, saying, "I used to be the daughter of Lishan, and then the wife of Rong Xuxuan. I was born with a heart, and I returned to Zhou with my relatives, so that I could protect Xixi and Xixi was in harmony with her. " Shen Hou, the leader of Xirong, mentioned the daughter of the ancestor Li Shanrong and married Rong Xuxuan. Being a relative, Zhong Yi joined the Zhou Dynasty. The sag of Shang Dynasty refers to the area from western Shaanxi to eastern Gansu. This is determined by the scope of the Shang Dynasty, which is different from the Xi Huang of the Zhou Dynasty. What Shen Hou said shows that during the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the gold-winning forces of Qin State had reached the western frontier. At the same time, it also reflects the fact that the early Qin Dynasty and Qunrong coexisted.
Since Zhong Yi, seven generations of ancestors who won Qin, such as William, Elei, Nvfang, Panggao, Taiji, Rhoda, concubine, etc., have all worked hard in Xixiang. After several generations of continuous development, the influence of the king of Qin has penetrated into Tianshui area. The Xiqiao where Luo Da and Fei Zi live actually refers to the Tianshui area in the southeast of Gansu.
Second, the concubine was sealed. Qin Fei Yi was good at raising horses. "There are fat children living in dog hills, good horses and good animals, and good rest." Goushanren told Zhou that Zhou wanted him to raise horses between Weihe River and Weihe River. "Filial piety Wang Zhao made the main horse in the Weihe River, and the horse was very generous." King Xiao quoted the story of Bo Mao, the ancestor of the Won family, who was herding horses in Shunshun, and said to his concubine, "Today, future generations also rest horses for me, and I am divided into princes." ("Historical Records of Qin Benji") Zhou Wangxiao conferred the title of concubine on Qin Gui, which restored his worship of the Won family and named him Qin Gui. Qin Gui was sealed by Fei Zi in Zhang Chuan County, Tianshui. From then on, won Qin officially owned the land in the west, and the real Qin people began to form.
Sol Zhang pasture
Third, Qin Zhuanggong was awarded the title of Doctor Qin Feizi, and the second generation was passed on to Qin Zhong. There is no way, Xirong betrayed Zhou and destroyed Da Luoshi. After Zhou Xuanwang acceded to the throne, he appointed Qin Zhong as a doctor and crusaded against Xirong. Qin Zhong was killed by Xirong. Later, Zhou Xuanwang ordered Qin Zhongzi's Zhuanggong brothers to unite to attack Rong and break Xirong. "Therefore, after returning to Qin Zhong, he joined the first dog Qiu in Daluodi and became the doctor of Xi Huang." (Historical Records of Qin Benji). Qin Zhuanggong was posthumously named Doctor Xi Huang, and the dog mound was restored.
Qin bamboo slips on Fangmatan in Tianshui
It can be seen that Xiqiao was an important activity range of ancestors in Qin Dynasty. Qin people's activities are all related to Xi Huang, from protecting Xi Huang, to sealing Qin Gui by concubines, and then to sealing Xi Huang by Zhuang Gong. Volume 20 of Notes on Water Classics says: "The water of the Western Han Dynasty is southwest again, and it merges with the water of Yanglianchuan. The water flows out of the West Valley and flows down many rivers to form a river. It flows to the southeast and passes through the western county, so it is located in the north of the city. Qin Zhuanggong beheaded Xirong and broke it. Zhou Xuanwang and his predecessor Luo Quanshan are both doctors and palaces. " (Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics)
4. The core area of Xishu is located in Tianshui West County, and Qin is located in Xishu Hill, belonging to Longxi County. "Records of Counties and Counties in the Later Han Dynasty" says: "West, therefore, it belongs to Longxi, with Gezhong Mountain and Western Han River." It is clearly pointed out here that Xixian County is located in Gezhongshan and the Western Han River Basin. Minutes of reading history books: "Xicheng is in the southwest of Qin Zhou 120, and it is called Xigou Mountain. It is not the son who lives here, but Zhuang Gong who lives again. Qin set up Xixi County, and the land belongs to Longxi County. " (Qing Gu Zuyu's Summary of Reading History of Yu Fang). Another "Expanding the Geography" cloud: "The old city of Xixian County is 90 miles southwest of Shangyuan County, Qin Zhou." These data all point out that the west county is Xigou Mountain, which is 90 miles southwest of Shangyuan County (Qinzhou District, Tianshui City), that is, Lixian area in the southwest of Tianshui area.
Mr. Wang Guowei thinks: "Goushan and Xiqiao are one place, and since Zhuanggong lived in Goushan, he was called Doctor Xichuang, and later he was called Xichuang 'er" (Qin Dou Art Test, Volume XII of Guanlin). It is known that Xigou Mountain is Xixi County. In the southwest of today's waters, it is certain that Xiqiao Palace is also here, and they are all in Lixian County, Tianshui area.
Gold ornaments unearthed from Dabaozi Mountain in Lixian County
Records in Historical Records show that Qin Xianggong moved his capital to Hu Yi (Longxian County, Shaanxi Province) 776 years ago and is still buried in his hometown. Historical Records Qin Benji: "In the first year of Qin Wengong (765 BC), he lived in Xiqiao Palace." "Fifty years (before 7 16), Wen Gong died and was buried in Xishan." Since the 1990s, the Dabaozishan site and Qin cemetery in Lixian County, Gansu Province have been excavated one after another, and the face of early Qin culture has gradually emerged. According to textual research, two tombs in Qin Gong are those of Qin Xianggong or Qin Wengong, which confirms the fact that Qin Xianggong and Qin Wengong were buried in the west as recorded in Qin Benji, and also proves that the area around Dabaozi Mountain is the western mountain of Qin. According to the Xiqiao Palace in Qin Xianggong and Qin Wengong, the Xiqiao Palace in Qin Dynasty is not far from here. Therefore, the Dabaozishan area in Lixian County is regarded as the cemetery of Qin Xichuang, and Tianshui area is undoubtedly Qin Xichuang.
Map of Ma Fang Beach in Tianshui, Gansu Province
5. The documents and archaeological data of Zhulaishan, a famous mountain of Qin people and Xiqiao prove that Tianshui area is Xiqiao of Qin people, and Lixian area in southwest China is the location of Xiquan Mountain and Xiqiao cemetery of Qin people. To the north of Lixian County is Zhulai Mountain, a famous western mountain. Shangshu Gong Yu: "Xiqiao, Zhu Xi, bird and mouse, as for Taihua." This is the earliest record of Julai Mountain. Zhulai Mountain is located in the southwest of Gangu County, with overlapping mountains and stretching for dozens of miles. It is the ecological barrier and strategic location of Gangu County.
Zhulaishan Zhangkoushi
There is a legend of "Jade Hall Zhu Xi" circulating in Zhulai Mountain. "Shangshu Gong Yu" says: "Jade symbolizes soil and water, publishes wood with the mountain, and lays the foundation for mountains and rivers." According to legend, Dayu passed through Gangu and once worshipped Zhu Feng. This legend has been circulated for thousands of years, and the main peak of Zhuxi Mountain is still engraved with the four characters "Jade Palace Zhu xi". This story reflects that the early ancestors of China came here to choose a place to live and multiply, and also shows that the ancestors of ancient China lived here in Gangu.
Yudian Zhuxi
During the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Qin people moved westward here. It is recorded in Huaqing bamboo slips "The Year of the Department" that "the people who moved westward to the Shang Dynasty were the ancestors of the Qin Dynasty." Here refers to ibis, ibis, refers to the ibis mountain in the southwest of Gangu County. Zhu Cong here mainly refers to the area around Pan 'an Town. The southwest of Pan 'an Town is a famous Maojiaping Qin cultural site. 1983, the archaeological team excavated the "Group A remains" represented by Tao Wei with rope pattern, which was confirmed as the cultural remains of the early Qin Dynasty. In 20 13, a joint archaeological team composed of Gansu Institute of Archaeology and Northwest University excavated 153 tombs in Maojiaping, and unearthed more than 1000 cultural relics, further revealing the face of early Qin culture. Maojiaping Site was rated as one of the top ten archaeological discoveries in China in 20 14.
Gangu Maojiaping Site
Maojiaping site proves that the early Qin culture in Tianshui area began to form in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and it also fully proves the reliability that Tianshui area is the west of Qin. Early Qin people coexisted with Xirong in Tianshui area and worked hard. After a long development, they formed an early Qin culture with distinctive national characteristics. Therefore, Tianshui area is the birthplace of Qin people and early Qin culture.
In the early days, the ancestors of Qin people took root and started businesses in Xishuang Tianshui. On this land, they herded horses for the Zhou royal family, protected Xikou and coexisted with Xirong. It is precisely because of this living environment that the Qin people's martial and rugged national character has been cast, and a simple and atmospheric Qin culture has been formed. Therefore, Tianshui area is the base of early Qin people and the birthplace of early Qin culture. Looking back at the history of the Qin dynasty, perhaps at its source, we can find the answer.