Cuba learns from the China model.
Cuba is still in a difficult economic period. Due to the long-term blockade policy of the United States and the drastic changes in Eastern Europe in the early 1990s, Cuba has been in a state of lack of food and clothing for nearly 20 years. The long-term "big pot rice" policy has also made many state-owned enterprises inefficient, with a large number of idle laborers and difficulties in production and operation.
Against this background, the Cuban government decided to carry out some small-scale economic reforms from last year.
According to external evaluation, similar to China's reform and opening up, Cuba's economic reform has chosen the countryside as a breakthrough. China can often be seen in Cuba's economic reform policies.
agrarian reform
land contract system
Most of the idle land was contracted by farmers, and the supply system was abolished.
The land issue is an important topic in the Sixth National Congress of Cuba.
The Cuban government announced on 18 that by the end of March this year, more than half of the country's idle land had been contracted by Cuban farmers. Since 2008, more than 6.5438+0.4 million people have obtained land contracting licenses.
Pedro oliveira, director of the National Land Control Office of Cuba, said at the press conference on June 8 18 that Cuba had handed over 922,000 hectares of land to contractors for cultivation. Cuba has 6.6 million hectares of arable land, of which 6.5438+800,000 hectares are idle. In 2008, Raul Castro, president of Cuba's State Council, announced that half of the country's idle land would be leased to farmers for farming. 1962 implements the "supply card" system. Cubans can use the "supply card" to buy food and materials such as bread and eggs at subsidized prices every month. Raul Castro said at the opening ceremony of the conference on 16 that this price subsidy must be abolished because it has become an "unbearable burden".
As the main symbol of China in the new era, China's reform and opening up began after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee. The wave of reform first started in the countryside, and its main content was to implement the household contract system, which made farmers bid farewell to the people's commune system and promoted the vigorous development of various undertakings in rural areas of China.
well cover
Appear "self-employed"
170,000 people went to the sea to do business, and some people earned a month's salary in one afternoon.
The reason why there are "self-employed people" in Cuba is because the government introduced measures to encourage self-employed people in September last year. Half a year after the promulgation of the Measures, as of March 8 this year, 17 10000 people have obtained individual business licenses.
Julio used to work in a state-owned bakery in Cuba with a monthly salary of 1 1 USD. His ideal is to have a pizza shop of his own, so he quit his job and prepared to open a shop with more than 1 000 dollars remitted by his cousin from America. No celebrations, no advertisements, no discount coupons, this store opened in Havana this year. This shop is located in the old neighborhood where Julio's family lives, and the house is in disrepair. Although the storefront was newly renovated, it did not attract the attention of residents in the community at first, and no one came to the door. ...
Julio and his girlfriend Giselle waited for half an hour, then waited for another half an hour. Finally, the 92-year-old lady Soto stopped in front of the window and bought a medium onion pizza. This is the first money Julio has made since he became a self-employed. "Yes, I do," the old woman said with a bite of pizza. In the next half hour, Julio sold 7 pizzas and 30 pizzas on the first day of opening. Julio said that at the best of times, you can earn a month's salary by working in a state-owned bakery for one afternoon.
Another self-employed Javier acosta runs an upscale restaurant by the sea. But in the first month of opening, the turnover of the restaurant was not enough to pay taxes.
China 1984, "going to sea" has become a hot word in the streets. This year, the first wave of "doing business in the sea" appeared in China. Many people get "rich" first, relying on going abroad to work, reselling goods that are in short supply, or working hard. 1992 after Deng Xiaoping's southern tour speech, the State Council revised and abolished more than 400 documents restricting business, and a large number of officials and intellectuals joined the private business community.
enterprise reform
Break the "iron rice bowl"
Cuban state-owned enterprises plan to lay off millions of employees to ease financial pressure.
"Cuba's economic reform, the state-owned sector layoffs 6.5438+0 million." Last September, the news shocked the world. 1 10,000 is almost equivalent to15 of Cuba's working population.
According to the BBC, at the National People's Power Congress held last August, Raul Castro warned that idle workers in state-owned units must be laid off. "We want to end Cuba's image as the only iron rice bowl country in the world."
China 1983, the reform and opening up has entered the sixth year. China is full of vitality. On February 22, the then Ministry of Labor and Personnel issued the Notice on Actively Trying out the Labor Contract System, which completely broke the "life tenure" employment system with permanent workers as the main body after the founding of the People's Republic of China.
political reform
Abolish lifelong system
Raul proposed limiting Castro's term of office.
Raul Castro, President of the Cuban State Council, delivered a speech at the opening ceremony of the Sixth National Congress in communist party, Cuba on June 5438+06. He proposed limiting the term of office. He said, "Senior politics has a maximum term of two terms of five years."
Raul said that limiting the term of office of * * * is "feasible and necessary" for the current situation in Cuba. He also said that the term limit includes the chairman of the State Council and ministers. He also said that senior leaders need to be updated and severely self-criticized.
Fidel Castro, 84, announced through Cuban official media at the end of last month that he had resigned in 2006, including the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. His younger brother Raul was identified as Fidel's successor at the "Fifth Congress of the Communist Party of China" in 1997. Raul will also turn 80 in June this year.
On June 5438+07, Fidel Castro highly praised the proposal of Raul Castro, Chairman of the State Council, on economic reform and limiting the maximum term of office.
Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, China has deepened the reform of economic system and political system, and also reformed the cadre system. At the beginning of the reform, the core content was to abolish the tenure system of leadership positions and realize the "four modernizations" of cadres. The time of this stage is roughly from the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party to around the Twelfth National Congress. 1982 In February, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China promulgated the Decision on Establishing the Retirement System for Veteran Cadres, which pointed out: In order to ensure the smooth alternation of new and old cadres and make proper arrangements for some retired cadres, the Central Committee considered it necessary to establish the retirement and resignation system for veteran cadres. And made specific provisions on the age limit of veteran cadres.
Cuba is changing.
In 2008, the living needs were allocated by the state.
■ The average monthly salary is equivalent to 240 yuan RMB.
■ Houses are allocated by the state, as are refrigerators, televisions and electric fans.
■ There are always long queues on buses, cold drinks shops and foreign exchange brokerage shops.
20 1 1 the results of economic reform have begun to show.
■ On the once quiet street, hawking sounds come and go.
■ Individual shops have mushroomed, and new restaurants are opened almost every day.
■ No one can't find a job, and the countryside needs a lot of people.