Napoleon Bonaparte
Editor
Napoleon Bonaparte (French: Napoléon Bonaparte, Italian: Napoleone Buonaparte, August 15, 1769 -May 5, 1821), Napoléon I, born in Corsica, a famous military strategist and politician in the 19th century, and the founder of the First French Empire. First Consul of France (1799-1804), First Emperor of France (1804-1815).
Napoleon was crowned emperor on November 6, 1804, turning the French Republic into an empire. During his reign, he was called "Emperor of the French", and he was also the second French emperor to hold this title after Charles III in history. Internally, he suppressed many rebellions by reactionary forces, promulgated the Napoleonic Code, improved the world's legal system, and established the social order of Western capitalist countries. Externally, he defeated the invasion of the anti-French alliance, struck a heavy blow to the feudal systems of various European countries, and defended the achievements of the French Revolution. During his rule in France, he expanded abroad many times and launched the Napoleonic Wars. He also served as the king of Italy, the protector of the Rhine Confederation, the arbiter of the Swiss Confederation, and the colonial lord of the French Empire (the colonies included French colonies, Dutch colonies, Spanish colonies, etc.), Europe All countries except Britain surrendered to Napoleon. He also ennobled his brothers Joseph, Louis, and Jerome as kings of Naples, the Netherlands, and Westphalia, forming a huge Napoleonic empire system and creating a series of military and political miracles and short-lived glorious achievements.
Napoleon abdicated in 1814 and was subsequently exiled to the Island of Elba. After establishing the Hundred Days Dynasty in 1815, he was defeated again at Waterloo and was exiled. In 1821, Napoleon died of illness on the island of St. Helena. In 1840, his coffin was brought back to Paris, France, and was buried ceremoniously at the Invalides (Paris Home for Disabled and Aged Soldiers) on the banks of the Seine River in France.
Character Evaluation
Goethe: On the day Napoleon was defeated at the Battle of Leipzig, Goethe wrote a classic poem for Napoleon that has been praised for hundreds of years: "The hero's heart is full of pride, toward The Throne Sets Sail Resolutely". [46]
Hugo: Failure makes the loser more noble. The fallen Bonaparte seems to be taller than the standing Napoleon. Napoleon was the Michelangelo of war. He was the master of rebuilding ruins, the successor of Charlemagne, Louis XI, Henry IV, Richelieu, Louis XIV, and the Committee of Public Safety. Of course he had flaws, oversights, and even sins. That is to say, he He is a man; but he is still majestic in his negligence, outstanding in his stains, and talented in his sins. [47]
Hegel: The reason why the world is balanced is because of the existence of God. The reason why the European scales remain balanced is because of Napoleon, who is the existence of God.
Marx: Napoleon had understood the true nature of modern states; he had understood that the unimpeded development of bourgeois regimes and the free movement of private interests were the basic manifestations of these states, and he decided to recognize and protect this foundation.
Engels: brought his code to the countries he conquered. This code is much superior to all previous codes. It recognizes equality in principle. [48] ??
Churchill: No one in the world is greater than Napoleon.
Romain Rolland: short in stature, with dull complexion, seemingly bottomless dark eyes, and thick black stylish hair. He often wears a flowing black robe tied with a thick belt, like a pilgrim. Not following fashion or following the narrow rules of society. Sitting on a chair is not comfortable, but he often sits cross-legged on a low stool or perches on a window sill; sometimes he laughs lively and sometimes hesitates in hesitation. In short, a big dreamer living in a dream. [49]
Lenin: The war of the French Revolution was originally a war of liberation, and such a war was indeed needed. These wars were inherently revolutionary, protecting the great revolutionary movement and the alliance against the counter-revolutionary monarchy. Just when Napoleon established the Napoleonic Empire and enslaved many already-formed and viable nations and countries in Europe, France's nationalist war became an imperial capitalist war, and this war of aggression and expansion turned into a war of opposition. The war of self-defense and counterattack of the Napoleonic imperial system. [50-51]
Liddell Hart: Thirty years have passed, and the prelude to another "Great War" has begun to unfold. The genius of Napoleon Bonaparte made the war shine. As in the previous century, France posed a serious threat to other European countries, causing these countries to unite against it. However, the development of the war this time was different from the past. Post-revolutionary France had many sympathizers, but they were neither government authorities nor could they control their own armies. When France started the war alone, she was forced to isolate herself from other countries, as if suffering from an infectious disease. However, France not only defeated the coalition forces that wanted to kill it, but also posed a serious military threat to other European countries after the revolution, and eventually became the master of dominating a large part of Europe.
[52]
Zhou Enlai: The heroes of the times are certainly among them, but they are not what I am talking about like Xiang Yu and Napoleon. Hu Er's family is also a weirdo in the world. He has the heart to annex the eight wastelands and has the aura of commanding the wind and clouds; he is brave enough to surpass ten thousand men, and his wisdom is beyond ordinary people; he is invincible in every battle and attacks everything; the enemy countries are shocked when they hear about it, and women and children are trembling with fear when they think about it; for a hundred generations, they are still stunned. To be alive is not only to be heroic in one life! This is because his courage is shown outside. If it is related to the progress and retreat of the world and the rise and fall of mankind, it cannot be said in the same way by a momentary hero or a second or third scholar. Even with the dignity of the emperor, the power of religion, and the power of money, nothing can be changed. Therefore, the two clans are what I call the heroes who created the situation. A person should develop the habit of trusting himself, and believe in his own courage and perseverance even in the most critical times. [53]
Georges Lefebvre (French bourgeois historian): When the new country after the French Revolution had not yet been finalized, Napoleon gave it a complete set of administrative agencies, which is obviously the masterpiece of a master . The French Revolution of 1789 had forced the bourgeoisie to fight for power, but the subsequent democratic forces rose up to compete with it. Under the protection of the emperor, the new rich and famous were able to retain power, increase their financial profits, and expand their power; once they were freed from Having faced the threat of the poor, they are ready to take the stage themselves to rule and restore liberalism. In Europe, the spread of France, British influence, the development of capitalism, and the subsequent growth of the bourgeoisie are all leading to the same consequences. Napoleon shook up the old systems of European countries and transformed modern European countries. The principles of the New Order were extended to other parts of Europe, greatly accelerating this evolution. The booming culture, the declaration of people's sovereignty, the spread of romanticism, etc. all heralded the awakening of nationalism. Napoleon's territorial adjustments and various reforms promoted this awakening. ... Napoleon's personal influence is indeed valuable, but his influence can only be effective if it conforms to the historical trend that is driving the process of European civilization. [54]
Zhang Zhilian (Chinese historian): Napoleon’s bourgeois regime realized war, proclaimed himself emperor, and benefited, but could not overturn the results, codes, and anti-feudal significance of revolution.