1, how many times a day is normal?
Can colorectal polyps become cancerous?
Polyps are actually divided into redundant and non-redundant, and redundant polyps refer to adenomas, especially familial adenomatous polyposis. If one person in the family is diagnosed, other members should carry out relevant examinations and treat as soon as possible to prevent cancer. However, it usually takes 5 to 20 years for adenoma to develop into cancer. The probability of canceration is related to the size, quantity, pathological type and location of adenoma, as well as the age and sex of the patient. Non-neoplastic polyp refers to inflammatory polyp and hyperplastic polyp. It will not become cancerous, but it should be removed as soon as possible.
Etiology of colorectal cancer: the incidence of colorectal cancer is related to many factors, such as eating habits, heredity, colon inflammation and so on.
1, dietary factors: such as high-fat and low-fiber diet; The content of nitrosamines and their derivatives in animal protein and food is high; Intake of alcohol; Fried food; Vitamin a, c, e and trace element selenium are deficient. Dietary factors are considered to be extremely important factors in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. In the United States, advocating the change of eating habits since the 1950s has also confirmed the decline in the incidence of colorectal cancer. In contrast, with the improvement of people's living standards in China, people's eating habits in China have also changed greatly, and there are more and more foods with high fat, high protein and high calorie in the menu. This is also the reason for the rising incidence of colorectal cancer in China.
2. Some benign diseases of the large intestine: such as chronic ulcerative colitis, colorectal adenoma, familial adenomatosis, schistosomiasis, colorectal polyps, etc. People who have suffered from chronic ulcerative colitis for more than 10 years have several times higher risk of colon cancer than the general population. This is because repeated intestinal inflammation is a chronic stimulus to intestinal mucosal cells, which will lead to uncontrolled growth and malignant transformation over time. The same is true for patients with colorectal polyps, whose relative risk of colorectal cancer is 22 times that of patients without polyps, because polyps themselves are benign, but they may also become malignant.
3. Genetic factors: It is estimated that genetic factors may play an important role in about 20% of patients with colorectal cancer. For example, familial adenomatous polyposis and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer are the most common hereditary colorectal cancers. It was found that the risk of colorectal cancer in children was 2-4 times higher than that in ordinary people, and about 10%- 15% of colorectal cancer occurred in first-degree relatives with a history of colorectal cancer.
4. Occupational factors and health habits: Lack of physical activity will increase the risk of colon cancer. However, it is generally not considered that colorectal cancer is an occupational disease.
Symptoms of colorectal cancer:
1, bloody stool: it is the earliest and most common manifestation of colon cancer. Mild cases only show occasional small amount of bleeding, and only a small amount of bleeding can be known after testing. In severe cases, mucus bloody stool, mucus purulent bloody stool or bloody stool may appear, which is often misdiagnosed as dysentery or hemorrhoid bleeding, delaying the diagnosis time. Due to different cancer sites, the amount and characteristics of bleeding are also different, and long-term bleeding can produce secondary anemia.
2. Abdominal pain: some patients have persistent dull pain with inaccurate positioning as the first symptom or prominent symptoms, and some patients only have abdominal discomfort or bloating. When colorectal cancer is complicated with erosion, obstruction or secondary infection, obvious abdominal colic may occur due to the corresponding increase of intestinal peristalsis and spasm. Some patients showed typical abdominal pain caused by incomplete intestinal obstruction, that is, the pain was paroxysmal colic, which lasted for several minutes, and gas consciously escaped through the pain, followed by exhaust, and then the pain suddenly disappeared. When the elderly have this symptom, colorectal cancer should be considered first.
3. Changes in defecation habits: Most of them are changes in defecation frequency or fecal characteristics. For example, I used to defecate/kloc-0 times a day, but recently I don't know why I defecate 3-4 times a day, or diarrhea and constipation appear alternately, and the shape of my stool changes. Originally, the stool was soft and shaped, but recently it suddenly looks like water, and there seems to be blood or pus in it. I should remind the hospital that there may be something wrong with the intestine. It should be pointed out that these symptoms are also common in other diseases, so if you have the above symptoms, you should have a comprehensive physical examination. Some people are accompanied by a sense of urgency, especially when they are young. If there are no other reasons (including travel, changes in living environment and taking oxytetracycline, etc. ), constipation, diarrhea and other intestinal dysfunction often occur, and formal treatment is still ineffective for more than two weeks, which should be paid attention to, which may be an early sign of colorectal cancer.
4. Anemia: Male patients, especially those who have no other causes of blood loss and no intestinal parasitic diseases, should think of the possibility of gastric cancer or colorectal cancer if they find progressive iron deficiency anemia.
2. How to prevent anorectal diseases?
Regular work and rest and a balanced diet
How to prevent anorectal diseases? We must ensure the regular schedule of work and rest, reduce entertainment, moderately strengthen aerobic exercise, and avoid sedentary for a long time. It is best to get up and exercise for 5 minutes after sitting for 45 minutes, combine static and dynamic, and have a balanced diet. Keeping breakfast, lunch and dinner regularly and quantitatively, and the meal time should not be too long or too full, can reduce the gastrointestinal burden and reduce the filling of gastrointestinal veins and hemorrhoid veins, thus preventing the occurrence of anorectal diseases.
Health gymnastics protects anus and rectum
In addition to the rules of living habits, Liang Tianwei, director of the anorectal department of Chongqing Medical Bo Anorectal Hospital, said that it is also important to adhere to anorectal exercise. Sticking to this kind of local exercise can not only improve local blood circulation, reduce blood stasis and dilate hemorrhoid veins, but also increase the disease resistance of anorectum and avoid and reduce the recurrence of hemorrhoids. Specific practices are as follows:
First, anal contraction movement. Citizens can contract the anus for 5 seconds, then relax for 5 seconds, lasting for 5 minutes, 3-5 times a day. It can promote local blood circulation, relieve local anal pain after hemorrhoid operation, and defecate smoothly. At the same time, it takes about 5 minutes to actively contract and relax the anal sphincter before defecation, during defecation and after defecation, so as to enhance the tolerance of anus.
Second, levator ani movement. Consciously pull up the anus, 1-2 times a day for 30 seconds each time, which has the functions of removing blood stasis, exercising anal sphincter and promoting middle qi. Generally, sticking to 100 days can prevent hemorrhoids from recurring.
Third, guide the movement. Step on the ground with one foot, bend your knees with one foot, and repeatedly replace your knees left and right. When you bend your knees, put your hands around your knees and try to get your knees close to your predecessor. This action is repeated 20-30 times. It can prevent hemorrhoids and increase the muscle strength of anal sphincter.
White-collar workers in the workplace move whenever they have time.
In addition to the above exercises, Liang Tianwei introduced that for white-collar workers who sit in the office for a long time, they can also do anorectal exercises in their spare time.
Supine position: cross your legs, firmly clamp your hips and thighs, slowly and forcefully contract the levator ani for 5 seconds, and then relax.
Sitting posture: Sit on the bed or chair with your feet crossed, with your hands akimbo, and your hips tucked in. The anus will contract, lift for 5 seconds and then relax.
Standing posture: hands akimbo, legs crossed, toes raised.
Keep your hips and legs upright, while the anus contracts and lifts up for 5 seconds, then relaxes.
Repeat the above actions 10-20 times a day, once in the morning and once in the evening, and persist for several months to get results.