Food

After a whole day of exercise and breathing fresh air, people's appetites are often whetted, and eating becomes a real pleasure of camping--in the wild, food is Fuel and motivation, replenishing your depleted calories is a necessity. If your recipes are not only nutritious, but also light and simple to prepare, your energy and energy for exercise and your personal pleasure will be greatly enhanced.

Despite the undercooked noodles or burnt entrees, camp food rarely doesn't taste delicious. But choosing nutritious foods, estimating appropriate quantities, and planning recipes for a long trip will test the endurance and confidence of most experienced adventurers. A healthy and nutritious diet and a varied menu are the backbone of everything from strong faith to safe decision-making in the wilderness. On the contrary, boring, inappropriate and unrich recipes can only lead to lack of energy for exercise and constant quarrels during the journey. Ironically, food is an often overlooked aspect of travel preparation.

Food is an important logistical component. The key point is: you must have enough food, but food is also very heavy, and it is easy to overestimate your calorie needs. Be forewarned: No matter how hard you try, the food supply never seems to fit. Either too much or too little, the wrong amount. I was exhausted when I climbed up the mountain on a cold day but had nothing to eat and I was starving. I went down the mountain on a sunny afternoon but I was burping all the way. Gobbling down food last fall doesn’t guarantee you’ll be well-fed and energetic this summer.

You can never get the amount of food exactly right, but you can try to get it close to the amount needed. Generally speaking, an adult man weighing 70 kilograms needs about 1 kilogram of dehydrated food every day, and an adult woman weighing 55 kilograms needs about 0.9 kilograms of dehydrated food every day. If you are bringing meat, cheese or any canned food, increase your daily food budget appropriately as these items are much heavier than dehydrated food. If you choose freeze-dried food, reduce the amount of food appropriately. If you keep track of your daily food supplies on your various travels, it will be a huge help when preparing recipes for future trips.

"Six Don'ts" of camping food

·Trying to save money when purchasing food

·Choose food supplies from the fast food market in the corner

·Eat less to achieve the purpose of dieting and losing weight

·I want to improve the eating habits of my companions by only bringing healthy food

·Forgot to bring them when I go on the road

·Used to feed animals or waste drinking water

Typically, travel recipes include quick-cooking hot cereals, food wrapped in foil bags to maintain shelf life, and portions suitable for flight food. There is no need to follow this bland and unhealthy nutritional guideline.

If you're willing to take the time to dehydrate your food, find alternatives to the meat you need in your diet, and spend some time cooking at camp, you can probably eat just as much as you would at home. Investing in a food dehydrator can pay for itself by reducing cooking costs for years of backcountry travel, dramatically reducing travel expenses. Fruits, vegetables, snacks, condiments and even entire entrees can be dehydrated and stored for on-the-go consumption.

Even without a dehydrator, you can prepare decent nutritious field meals from common (relatively inexpensive) store-bought foods. Think about what you usually like to eat at home, and choose some of them that are suitable for outdoor travel. Consider some of the limiting factors - the length of travel, the need for supplies, the shortening of cooking time, the supply of drinking water, etc.

Why not make noodles, chili, stew, or burritos just like you would at home? Dehydrated pasta seasonings, refried beans, salads, and other items you might eat at home can be made in the wild by adding hot water to the same food you eat at home. A handful of fresh condiments make camp food taste better. Prepackaged store-bought rice and noodles also make delicious meals. Soup and seasoning packets are lightweight additions to rich recipes.

If you're eating prepackaged food, you can still make it taste better and more nutritious by adding a few carefully selected fresh vegetables, like onions, garlic, carrots, and cabbage. . Bring a complete set of seasonings. Solid seasonings include salt, minced garlic, pepper, cumin, curry powder, mint, cinnamon, etc. Some lightweight condiments (such as mustard, soy sauce, Worcestershire sauce, etc.) add flavor without taking up space. Pack them in leak-proof plastic bottles with screw-top caps.

The most effective way to develop a lack of interest in food is to subject yourself to a boring diet. You should try to establish an alternating diet structure based on different types of staple foods (pasta, rice, beans, cereals), prepare a variety of snacks for the road, buy several kinds of cheese (cheese can be stored longer), Include both hot and cold cereals, enjoy a piece of dessert from time to time, and add food treats when morale needs a boost.

Before you go out, try to leave behind any trash you may have, and repackage glass items or items in cardboard boxes (use sealable plastic bags or tie a knot instead of using string, this will eliminate those items littering your home) Strings of string seemed to be everywhere around the camp).

Plan your menu to avoid leftovers, or reuse later, to minimize waste in the wild.

Attachment: Cooking Equipment

You can look at the important factors in camping cooking from various angles. Most backpackers approach the bivouac menu with a Spartan hard work attitude. Or go light without a stove, fruit, breakfast oatmeal and nuggets, which is doable in the hot summer months when the last thing you want to eat after a long hike in the summer is a hot meal. Or, if you think these options are unnecessary self-inflicted torture, you can arrange for a foodie camp kitchen and consider cooking as an important part of the backpacking experience. For most hungry travelers, a simple ready-to-go jar is fine for breakfast and dinner, as long as the portions are large enough.

At its simplest, your camp kitchen might just consist of one or two portable fuel cans (containing butane or propane) for the field, a stove that twists on the can, a small pot, and A spoon. In fact, you can slowly cook about 1 kilogram of food with such a compact "kitchen" device. A windshield, blackened pots and heat deflectors can further increase the efficiency of any stove, and combining them will cut your cooking time in half. Foodie eaters will be pleased to hear that a two-burner travel stove is coming, and you'll be able to choose from a variety of outdoor stoves, double boilers, and coffee brewers that you want. But in this case, you're probably better off taking a simple trip.

Protective items

Protective items are the second most essential items in the wild after food. When most people think of wilderness protection, they think of tents. It is important to choose a tent that suits the weather where you are traveling and the number of people traveling with you. For example, a four-person trip on a rainy day may require a large dome tent and several tarps for cooking and storage, while a person traveling alone may need a large dome tent and several tarps for cooking and storage. Traveling in the desert may require a tight, lightweight mosquito-proof tent or a small rain sheet. The longer the trip and the more remote the route, the more likely you are to make a mistake with your protection, as you may be hit by a sudden, long-lasting storm, and going off the trail is not an option.

It's best if your sleeping bag is warmer than what's needed for the area you're going to, so you can get some ventilation, rather than shivering in a sleeping bag just for warmth. The secure, protected, dry feeling is important for a restorative night's rest, allowing you to sleep more deeply and preventing you from getting sick in cold weather. Choosing the right warm sleeping bag also gives you more freedom of movement, as you can shed heavy clothing and wear only thin, comfortable pajamas that dry easily.

Clothing

Temperature, weather and the heat emitted by the human body change greatly within 24 hours a day, so the choice of outdoor clothing to adapt to various situations becomes very complicated. Meaningful and important. Outdoor clothing needs to be versatile, allowing you to ventilate during daytime hikes, dry quickly when soaked with sweat, keep you warm in the morning and evening when temperatures are low, and provide protection when the wind blows and the rain pours. Since it’s impossible for an adventure traveler to bring a wardrobe of clothes, the only way to accommodate the various necessary functions is to wear several layers of clothing with different functions at once: almost nothing for hot weather, all for when you need various protections worn. Most modern outdoor clothing is designed and manufactured with these layers in mind.

The bottom layer of underwear that is closest to the skin uses body temperature to take moisture away from the body and can dry quickly after exercise. Wear thicker layers of clothing over these thin base garments. Thick sweatshirts and tank tops create a layer of stagnant air between you and your surroundings, and are often worn in several different combinations. On top of these items, wear protective clothing that is windproof and waterproof to protect you and the underlying clothing. Generally speaking, the two most important layers are underwear and protective clothing, because they have to deal with the problems caused by sweaty body skin and harsh weather.

Outdoor clothing is usually made from synthetic fabrics that absorb little to no water, such as polypropylene, polyester (polyester) or specially treated nylon. These "hydrophobic fabrics" come in a dizzying variety of brands and are a common material used as base layers because they dry quickly and wick moisture away from the body's skin. In wet and rainy weather, synthetic fabrics are a wise choice. Cotton, the most common fiber for casual clothing, becomes quite cold once wet and dries very slowly. In cold and humid climates, the evaporative coolness of cotton clothing will lower a person's body temperature. When the body temperature drops to a certain level, it may be dangerous. Therefore, cotton clothing should be avoided in the wild, except in hot desert areas, where cotton is available. Be careful with wool fabrics; although they are warm, they are not lightweight and dry slowly. Wool may be the most common material for good socks, but for maximum comfort, backpacking hikers need clothing that dries quickly and with only body heat, and it seems only high-tech synthetic fabric materials can achieve such requirements, especially in humid conditions.

In cold climates you should bring more clothes than you think you will need because most of us are not used to being outdoors 24 hours a day.

On a backcountry trip, between remote campsites, you may not be able to find a warm room - the kind you'd find on the top of a ski resort or after a day's excursion - so stay safe in all climates. To stay comfortable and warm in the environment, you'll need a few extra layers of clothing. Ideally you'll still have enough clothing to keep you warm even if you can't light a campfire or your tent leaks. Whether you spend an afternoon hiking or wandering in the wilderness for up to a month, you will need enough clothing. You will inevitably experience wetness, fatigue, and hunger, but at least you will have a comfortable and warm journey.

Once you have used different layers of clothing and understand how to match each layer to achieve comfort in given conditions, you will be safe even in dangerous inclement weather. . Outdoor clothing produced by modern scientific and technological means will play a good role. With just the addition of a weatherproof tent, you can stay warm and dry in most environments. The main thing is to bring enough clothing for cold weather, a special jacket or a pair of mittens will bring more comfort but are very lightweight.

Base layer: If there’s one layer of clothing you can’t save on, it’s the underwear that sits next to your skin. A backpacker sweats a lot on a hot day, and your base layer must be able to wick the cooling sweat away from the body and dry quickly without shivering at camp at night. Therefore, most base layers for outdoor athletes are made from specially treated polyester (polyester). The fiber does not absorb moisture, and the fabric is designed to be woven in a way that easily draws moisture away from the skin. Although base layers are generally much cheaper than layers or protective clothing, they can be extremely useful, from jogging in the summer to camping in the winter. Long sleeve lapel zip-up shirt suitable for all weather and uses.

Spacer clothing: Layers between the base layer and the outer protective layer are not critical to your comfort, but they are still important, especially in harsh climates or seasons. Fleece-like fabric made of polyester is the most popular insulation layer for backcountry travelers because it is durable, effectively creates a stagnant layer of air, stacks easily, and dries quickly. Wool sweaters also provide effective insulation, but are much heavier, dry slowly, and are prone to wear and tear. For cold weather activities around camp, a down or synthetic-filled parka or vest may be heavier to carry, but it's useful and worth it. But for summer travel it seems redundant. In wet weather, down must be kept dry.

Protective layer: The outermost layer of protective clothing is usually made of tightly woven nylon. This waterproof yet breathable jacket is all-purpose, as it handles moderate to moderate rain well while still being breathable enough to avoid a post-hiking "sweat shower." A waterproof, breathable raincoat wicks sweat and moisture away from the porous fabric, so you can stay dry after a storm or a sweaty workout. The main disadvantages of this kind of protective clothing are that they are expensive and do not protect against sustained rainstorms as well as coated, fully waterproof clothing.

All protective outerwear, regardless of material and season, should easily shed moisture and evaporate sweat, and have an attached hood to protect the head and avoid the possibility of heat loss. You should also be able to easily put on and take off the protective pants without taking off your shoes, and the protective pants should not restrict the bending and lifting of your knees when climbing.

Head and limb protection: To be fully equipped, you will also need a sun hat, winter hat, gloves and good quality socks. Hats, gloves and especially socks are often made from wool, but polyester wool-like fabrics actually provide better protection. However, polyester socks are not as stretchy as wool socks, so you need to be careful to choose the best fit. The important thing is that these socks dry overnight, even if they are soaked through; a pair of wool socks may take twice as long.

Attachment: Footwear

Backpacking is nothing more than carrying weight and walking, both of which undoubtedly depend on your feet. Therefore, shoes can make or break your trip. Running shoes can be worn when the load is light and the distance is short and easy to walk. However, when the load is more than 10 kilograms and hiking in rugged areas, shoes that can better maintain the foot and provide more support are required. The heavier the bag you carry and the more difficult the road, the more stiff and supportive shoes you need.

The knowledge of shoe selection, fit, and care could fill an entire book in itself, so we’ll briefly outline the key points here. First of all, fit is undoubtedly the most important factor when choosing shoes. Each company's shoes and special shoe styles are limited to a certain shoe last (wooden shoe mold). If the shape of the manufacturer's shoe last does not fit your foot shape, then no matter how well-made the shoe is in the world, it will just be an expensive and luxurious tool that will torture you for a long time.

Spend a lot of time selecting and trying on different shoes, and don’t make hasty purchases based on impulse. Only after you have been to several shoe stores and tried on more than half a dozen shoes can you compare which pair is the most comfortable on your feet. Wear the socks you plan to wear out in the field when trying them on, as different socks can affect the fit of the shoe. There should be enough room for your toes to move and to accommodate some swelling after a tiring day. But don't make it so big that your feet come out of the shoe when you're going down a mountain or balancing on an uneven slope.

If you're having a hard time finding comfortable shoes, consider purchasing separate uppers or soles, as they often provide a better silhouette where you need it most.

Once you buy your shoes, you need to maintain them in order to extend their service life and maintain a soft, light, supportive fit. Use a commercial seam sealer to protect exposed seams, and use a wax or silicone treatment to keep leather shoes waterproof. Waterproof protection and treatment will keep your feet dry and prevent the leather from shrinking or becoming stiff and no longer comfortable.

Concerning the choice of sock material, even with the new synthetic polyester fiber materials, wool socks are still used by people for a long time because of their good elasticity and overall comfort. But wool socks don't dry out easily overnight, which is a serious drawback because socks always contain moisture from sweaty feet. Frequent washing of socks can help avoid blisters. The best answer to this dilemma is to choose newer socks made of synthetic materials. These socks do not stretch as well as wool socks, so more care must be taken to choose socks that fit well, but they are very comfortable to wear and It can protect the feet well from being injured by friction. Best of all, the socks become as dry as flammable firewood overnight by simply throwing them at the toes of your sleeping bag. Or hang them on the roof of the tent (to avoid absorbing body heat). They will be a little damp the next day, but they will dry quickly after wearing them and your feet will always feel warm.

Not only do camp shoes help your feet relax and recover after a day of exercise in stiff leather boots, but lightweight camp shoes with soft soles also help protect your camper. ground because they rarely kick up the topsoil. Camp shoes should dry quickly so they can quickly become comfortable and warm again after getting wet on dew-covered ground in the early morning, or being used to cross rivers or get stuck in mud. In warmer weather, athletic loafers will do, although running shoes seem to be more suitable for most conditions. In winter, soft boots are just right. These boots are knee-high, and when paired with thick socks or light cloth shoes, you can imagine how luxurious they are because they are so soft. Knee-high shoes allow you to easily dig into snow pits in deep snow-covered campsites and create pathways around your tent.

Maps and GPS

Traveling won’t be fun if you have to worry about getting lost, so bring an up-to-date map of the area you’re visiting and a compass. , and learn to use them. If you need some guidance, take a class at a local outdoor sports organization or read a book about it. Once you have some experience, off-road navigation becomes fairly easy, and you can practice your map and compass skills while traveling with little disruption. Keep your compass and map handy so you can always call for help while traveling.

In unfamiliar areas, be sure to take the right path from the beginning, maintain a correct and reliable direction, and choose the route carefully. Especially in remote areas where roads are unclear and underdeveloped, it is very common for people to get lost from the beginning of their journey, and once they are lost, they don’t realize it until the route they took is completely unwalkable.

GPS are becoming more and more popular in backcountry sports guidance as their weight and price decrease. In areas with less distinctive ecosystems, like arctic tundra and dense jungle, these satellite positioning devices can tell you exactly where you are and even how far away you are from your pre-selected target, but they can't tell you that. The direction you are facing at the time - only a compass can do that. The Global Positioning System is used for positioning, while the compass is used for pointing. In fact, many GPS components can give the current direction of travel, but the pace of hiking travelers is often lower than the speed starting point for this function--so the GPS component should be considered as a map and compass. Add helpers, not their replacements. Also, GPS devices require considerable battery consumption, so bring some spare batteries. When using a GPS and compass together, keep the two at least one foot apart. Keep in mind that the magnetic needle will deflect when the compass needle is close to the GPS antenna. Pay attention to reading the compass accurately.

Ten essential items

There are many important items that cannot be ignored before leaving, such as sunglasses, flashlights, knives and first aid kits. If you forget something while traveling, chances are it’s some important appliance that was on your ten essentials list. Certain items may be in a blind spot in your memory, causing you to forget them again and again. A backpacking checklist can help you avoid any frustrating memory mistakes.

1． Extra clothing. Don't just settle for a lightweight and comfortable backpack, bring a full change of clothes and keep them dry in case of emergencies.

2． Extra food. Bring more food than you think you might need, enough to last at least a full day.

3． sunglasses. This is very important to avoid eye fatigue, headaches, and eye damage under strong light.

4. Knife. A simple pocket knife is an important and versatile tool.

5. Ignition material. In extremely wet or cold weather, you'll need to light a fire to maintain normal body temperature and avoid frostbite.

6． Matches in an airtight waterproof container. If you want to use a field stove in a very wet and cold environment, make sure the matches are dry. Or bring a butane gas lighter, which dries easily, can be ignited multiple times, and is easy to warm up in sub-zero humidity conditions.

7. First aid kit. Pack a first-aid kit appropriately sized for the trip you'll be taking, including sun protection for most types of outdoor sports.

8． A flashlight and a set of spare batteries.

9. map. An up-to-date terrain map is important.

10． Compass or compass. Know how to use it.

Non-Essentials

There are some luxuries that you are obsessed with but don’t really need when traveling. Consider whether they are worth the extra weight. Things like camp slippers, a telescope, a lantern, a deck chair, an umbrella, a star map, and that book you’re almost finished reading. Remember a rule of thumb for backcountry travel: "If something is too heavy, consider not taking it with you."

Camp comfort items

·Camp slippers or light cloth shoes

·Camp chairs

·Lamp (also used in outdoor tents heater)

·Solar shower device

·Pillows

·Camp towel (T-shirts can also be used)

Attachment: Organize your packing

Once you have a working plan, it's time to pack food, protective gear, clothing, travel gear, and a first aid kit that's sized appropriately for your trip. The key thing about backpacking is that the backpack has to fit your back, which in turn means there are a ton of things you can’t bring with you. Therefore, for every item you think of, estimate its weight, size, purpose, and durability.

Lightweight is always important because every kilogram on your back exponentially increases the effort your feet have to put in when hiking. Small size and compactness and lightness are also key because everything has to fit into your backpack (the typical capacity is 4070 liters). Anything you bring should be useful and preferably multifunctional so that the added load is justified. Special items that may only be used once or twice during a long trip are best left at home. Durability is also important because many of the items you rely on must stand up to regular use. Additionally, durable items are more cost-effective in the long run because every dollar you spend translates into a longer lifespan and less waste. But durability also means heavier, and perhaps gentle use will make your travels easier.

It is worth mentioning here that many travelers do not take care of their equipment. Outdoor equipment has a certain lifespan and should be maintained. Treating your equipment with care during the trip will keep it as time-consuming as possible. Use it, but don't abuse it intentionally. Pull the zipper lightly. Put your backpack down gently rather than dropping it on the ground. Don't stuff tent poles into a filled bag to avoid tearing the nylon top. Don’t cram items like stoves and headlamps into a packed backpack, either. Treat your things well and most of them will treat you well in return.

Here’s a fun comparison exercise: Pack only the essentials—the things you “must” bring—and weigh them on a scale at home. However, put the items you "plan" to bring on the scale and compare the two weights. But remember, food, protective gear, and clothing cannot be dispensed with.

Backpacking Gear Checklist

Not everything in this list is required, but some are camp comfort items that you may want to bring.

Food, water and cooking equipment

·Kettle (water bottle)

·Water filter or purifier

·Stove and Repair tools

·Fuel

·Kettle (pot, pot) with stopper

·Cup

·Spoon or knife, fork

·Bowl (lunch box)

·Condiments

·Eating

·Camp water bag

Protection Objects

·Tents

·Waterproof canvas

·Umbrellas

·Sleeping bags

·Sleeping pads

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Clothing

·Socks and spare items

·Long-sleeved underwear

·Pants and other common underwear

·Sports shorts

·Trousers

·Waterproof trousers

·T-shirts

·Thick sweatshirts

·Waterproof jacket

·Sun hat

·Winter hat

·Gloves

·Camp shoes

Travel equipment

·Backpack

·Travel shoes

·Hiking poles

·A plan

Ten essentials

·Extra clothes

·Extra Food

·Sunglasses

·Pocket knife

·Ignition materials

·Matches (or lighters) in a closed waterproof container < /p>

·First aid kit

·Flashlight

·Map

·Compass (or compass)

Not required Spare parts (optional items)

·Cosmetics

·Sun protection

·Repair items (spare buttons, needle and thread, nylon rope, wires, conduits , tent pole covers, spares, etc.)

·Lamp

·Camp chair

·Starry sky chart

·Binocular telescope

·Camera

·Books

·Camp games

·Towels