From 1883 (the late Korean dynasty), South Korea began to use Taiji flag. After the establishment of the Republic of Korea, it continued to be used. 1949, the Korean Ministry of Education officially confirmed the current style of the Korean national flag: the center of the national flag is Tai Chi pattern with eight diagrams around it. According to the official explanation of South Korea, the red in the Taiji diagram represents Yang, the blue represents Yin, and the unity of Yin and Yang represents the balance and harmony of the universe. Fire and water, day and night, darkness and light, construction and destruction, male and female, active and passive, hot and cold, positive and negative, as two major forces in the universe, achieve harmony and balance through mutual opposition.
With the ether as the center, the four hexagrams symbolize the harmony of Yin and Yang, the dry hexagrams represent the sky, the Kun hexagrams represent the earth, the Kan hexagrams represent the moon and water, and the departure hexagrams represent the sun and fire. Each six-pointed star also symbolizes justice, richness, vitality and wisdom. According to South Korea's explanation, the background color of the national flag is white, which symbolizes the purity and love for peace of the Korean people. The whole national flag represents the ideal of the Korean people to develop harmoniously with the universe forever.
The thought of Tai Chi and Eight Diagrams of the Korean flag comes from China's Zhouyi. The principles of harmony, symmetry, balance, circulation and stability represent the profound thinking of the Chinese nation on the universe and life. The Korean Peninsula has been influenced by China culture for a long time, and the Korean flag is a reflection of this influence.
Lang.
The Korean peninsula has a long history, but for a long time, it was a country with only its own language and no national characters. Around the 3rd century AD, Chinese characters were introduced into Korea, and later the Korean language was recorded by the sound and meaning of Chinese characters, that is, "official reading". However, due to the influence of feudal social hierarchy. Most people who can learn and use Chinese characters are aristocrats, and it is difficult for ordinary people to get in touch with them. Moreover, some "official reading texts" created by combining Chinese characters are not suitable for the phonetic system and grammatical structure of Korean, so it is sometimes difficult to mark Korean accurately. Therefore, at that time, people very much hoped to have a text that was not only suitable for Korean phonetic system and grammatical structure, but also easy to learn. From the perspective of the ruling class, in order to facilitate the people to implement their own ruling policies, it is also necessary to invent a phonetic notation that is easy for the people to master. In this way, under the active advocacy of Wang Shizong, the fourth generation country of the Korean Dynasty, a group of outstanding scholars, such as Zheng Linzhi, Shen, Cui Heng and Cheng Sanwen, created 1444 Korean characters consisting of 28 letters on the basis of studying the phonology of Korean and some foreign characters for many years. During this period, Korean scholars came to China many times to study tonality in Ming Dynasty. 1446, North Korea officially released the created Korean characters called "training people to pronounce correctly", which means teaching people to pronounce correctly. After the invention of new characters, King Sejong advocated the use of "training people to correct their pronunciation" in official documents and personal letters, and ordered the creation of "Dragonfly is the Song of the Sky" with "training people to correct their pronunciation". He also took "training people's correct pronunciation" as a compulsory subject for officials in imperial examinations, and engraved "training people's correct pronunciation" on coins. The creation of Xun Min Andrew provides a good condition for the development of Korean characters and Korean literature.
"Xun Min Andrew" is one of the few characters in the world whose creation time is exactly known, so it was designated as the No.70 national treasure by South Korea and listed as a world cultural heritage by UNESCO in June 1997.
Xunmin Andrew is a kind of phonography, which consists of 17 consonants and 1 1 vowels. 17 consonants are produced according to the shape of the mouth and tongue, and are divided into dental sounds, tongue sounds, lip sounds, dental sounds and so on. According to different pronunciations, it is basically consistent with the classification of modern phonetics. According to the clarity of the sound, consonants are divided into pure, sub-pure, pure, unclear and unvoiced; There are three basic vowels in the vowel 1 1, which were created according to the order of the universe "heaven, earth and man" thought by the ancients, and other vowels were created according to these three basic vowels. After 560 years of development, three consonants and/kloc-0 vowels have been eliminated, while North Korea and South Korea only use 24 consonants and vowels. With 24 consonants and vowels, 70,000 Korean words can be formed, and these words can form more than 700 million words, so many words are inexhaustible.
"Chinese Characters" in Korean Character Reform
Traditional Korean vocabulary includes inherent words and loanwords. Inherent words refer to the original words in Korean; Loanwords refer to words from other languages, of which nearly 70% are Chinese words from China, which can be written in Chinese in Korean.
19 10 After Japanese imperialism colonized the Korean peninsula, it was forbidden to use Korean, which was even worse in the1940s. Koreans born during this period were not allowed to use Korean and their surnames had to be changed to Japanese surnames.
1945 August 15 after the recovery of the Korean peninsula, it was divided into the north and south of the peninsula, which is today's Korea and South Korea. In order to standardize the use of Chinese characters, both sides reformed the use of Chinese characters after the establishment of political power.
One of the key points of the reform is how to treat Chinese characters. As mentioned earlier, the Korean peninsula has a long history of using Chinese characters, so even after the invention of "training people to correct pronunciation", Chinese characters are still in use. Chinese characters (similar to Japanese today) are included in the writing of court documents and the records of historical classics in the Korean dynasty. In this regard, North Korea has taken a reform measure to completely abolish Chinese characters, that is, all written characters are written in Korean letters, and Chinese characters are no longer mixed. In terms of vocabulary, North Korea also strictly restricts the use of Chinese words and tries to create new words with Korean words as much as possible.
South Korea is not so thorough.
Although South Korea promulgated the "Korean Special Law" in 1948, the use of Chinese characters has not completely stopped. Whether it is Chinese education in schools or folk writing, the phenomenon of Chinese characters mixed has existed for a long time. The policy of using Chinese characters in Korean textbooks is also changing. For example, the presidential decree of 1968 requires the deletion of Chinese characters from primary and secondary school textbooks, but in 1972, Chinese characters are designated as compulsory courses in junior high schools and included in the regular curriculum. 1973 middle school textbooks stipulate the reuse of Chinese characters, and 1995 is changed into an elective course. 1February 1999, then South Korean President Kim Dae-jung signed a presidential decree approving the use of Chinese characters in government documents and road signs. The promulgation of this presidential decree broke the ban on the use of Chinese characters by the Korean government for more than 50 years. At present, the Korean Ministry of Education has issued 1800 "new common Chinese characters" for education and 1300 "common Chinese characters" for daily life.
In fact, whether to abolish or use Chinese characters should be based on whether it is conducive to the cultural development of the nation. The disadvantage of abolishing Chinese characters is that Koreans can't learn the original works of ancient history books, because most of the history books in North Korea are written in Chinese characters. In addition, there are some inconveniences in real life, because there are many homonyms in Korean vocabulary. It is sometimes difficult to understand the meaning of these words correctly and it is easy to misunderstand. Before the abolition of Chinese characters, these words could be represented by Chinese characters. Of course, the abolition of Chinese characters is also beneficial, that is, it is conducive to the popularization of Korean characters and the spread of culture.
Splitting makes words different.
Some friends may ask, do North Korea and South Korea also have dialects? Is there any difference between the two languages? Yes, just like the languages of many countries, there are always local differences. At present, North Korea uses Pyongyang dialect as the standard pronunciation, which is called cultural dialect, while South Korea uses Gyeonggi-do dialect in Seoul as the standard dialect. There are differences in intonation between the two sides. In speaking habits, Koreans use more foreign words, especially English words.
Generally speaking, Korean and Korean are the same in grammar, and the differences are mainly manifested in the writing format of vocabulary and individual sentence patterns, as well as the spelling of some foreign words. In many words, North Korea and South Korea have different spellings, and some are so different that they can't understand each other's words correctly.
In today's "computer age" with highly developed information, many ethnic characters are difficult to process on the computer, while Korean characters are the opposite. Because Korean Chinese characters write a consonant first and then a vowel (or write a vowel first and then a vowel), the same number of consonants and vowels are evenly arranged in the left and right hand operation parts of the computer keyboard, so that the left and right hands use the same number of times when typing, and there will be no discomfort. It is believed that Korean characters with a history of 560 years will also get greater development in the information age.
Tourism characteristics
I) Seoul
Seoul, the capital, is located in the middle of the Korean peninsula, not far from the west coast, and the Han River flows through the city center. The population of Seoul is about120,000, accounting for about 1/4 of the national population. It is the political, economic and cultural center of South Korea, with rows of tall buildings standing behind elegant and quiet ancient palaces. It is both a modern metropolis and an ancient cultural city with a long history. There are many historical sites, cultural attractions, modern buildings, theme parks and other tourist attractions in the urban area and its surrounding areas.
The main tourist attractions are:
1. Gyeongbokgung Palace
Located at Sejong Road 1 in Zhonglu District. The first main hall built by Li Chenggui, who founded the Korean dynasty in 1395, covers an area of126,000 ping (a ping is about 3.3 square meters), with more than 200 halls and pavilions, which set off a magnificent style. 1952 was destroyed by the Nongwopu rebellion, and the buildings that have survived to this day include the Qin Zhengting Hall where the king ascended the throne and the civil and military ceremonies were held, and the two-story building used as a hotel.
2. Changdeok Palace and Changgyeonggung Palace
Located at Wolong Cave 1 in Zhonglu District. Built in 1405, it was the palace of the Korean dynasty and was completely destroyed during the Japanese rebellion in Renchen. The main palace of the dynasty was rebuilt in 1609, and it has been the best-preserved building in the Forbidden City in South Korea for 300 years, maintaining the old appearance of the dynasty. Its main entrance, Dunhua Gate, is a wooden building, but fortunately it was not burned down. It stands proudly and has extraordinary bearing. Changgyeonggung Palace, next to it, is the third ancient palace in South Korea, with existing buildings such as Honghuamen and Zhengming Hall. It was once another palace of King Sejong, the fourth generation owner of the Korean dynasty.
3. Zongmiao
Located in Jing Xun Cave 1 in Zhonglu District, it is a world cultural heritage, dedicated to the gods of kings and princesses of the Korean dynasty. The ancestral temple and Gyeongbokgung Palace were built at the same time, with the main hall and Yongning Hall in the vast hinterland, as well as a memorial hall displaying the relics of the former king. It is also a leisure area for Seoul citizens to take a walk and enjoy the cool, and there is an overpass leading to Chang Gung Palace. On the first Sunday of May every year, elegant music is played and ancestral ceremonies are held in a solemn atmosphere.
4. Korea Life Building 63
Located in Ruyidao Cave, Yongdengpu District. It has 60 floors above ground and 3 floors underground, with a height of 264 meters. It is called the tallest building in Korea and a symbol of Seoul. The whole building is made of double reflective glass, which shines like a golden pagoda in the sun. Take the high-speed elevator up and down, board the observation deck, overlooking 1988 Olympic Park and Gimpo Airport. There is an aquarium on the basement level, which can see 400 kinds of fish with more than 20,000 tails, which is ten times larger than the screen of a general cinema? QuotIMAX Cinema dines in the restaurant on the top floor, enjoying the intoxicating night scene and enjoying unparalleled romantic interest.
5. Chonglimen (Nantianmen)
Located in Nandamen Road, Central District. Built in 1398, it is the gate of the capital Hanyang (Seoul). It is the most typical existing Korean dynasty building. The original city wall is connected. /kloc-the wall was demolished in 0/908, leaving only the stone Chongli Gate. The middle is arched, and two wooden pavilions stand on it. In high-rise buildings and buildings, they are majestic and arrogant.
6. Seoul Gymnasium
Located in Silkworm Cave 10 in Songpo District, it is the main venue of 1988 Seoul Olympic Games, including two gymnasiums, indoor swimming pools and baseball fields, especially the open-air stadium. It has been well received for its design that highlights the beauty of curves. Visitors can visit it. There is also an exhibition hall displaying gold, silver, bronze and Olympic uniforms.
7. Lotte World
Located at 40- 1 Silkworm Cave, Song Cheng District. Lotte World is the largest indoor entertainment center in the world. In addition to the Lotte World Adventure and Magic Island on the lake, there are folk museums, hotels, cinemas, indoor swimming pools, indoor skating rinks, bowling alleys, membership sports clubs, department stores, supermarkets and shopping centers. It is a super-large entertainment city integrating entertainment and culture.
(2) Suburbs and surrounding areas of Seoul
1. Shui Yuan
From Seoul Railway Station, you can take the National Railway 1 line to Shui Yuan Station, or you can take a 50-minute bus from Seoul East Station. Shui Yuan is the seat of Gyeonggi Province Hall (provincial government), with a population of 760,000, and many cultural relics have been preserved. The stone wall built around the city is 5.5 kilometers long, with four magnificent gates, seven arched gates, an elegant flower viewing pavilion and a bird's-eye view of Xijiang terrace in the urban area. Architectural beauty and landscape beauty complement each other.
2. Incheon
Take the National Railway 1 line from Seoul Railway Station to DongIncheon Station, and take the Shuiren Line from Shui Yuan to Song Dao Station. Incheon is the second largest port city in Korea, where there are many tourist attractions, such as Moon Island Cultural Street, and many sculptures are erected. If you take a cruise, you can enjoy the beautiful sunset and the islands dotted around the sea.
3. Panmunjom (a village in central and western Korea)
It was the place where the Korean War armistice agreement was signed in 1953. Nationals can only visit Linjinge, but foreigners can't visit it privately. It must be organized by travel agencies, set up a 2-kilometer-wide unarmed isolation zone centered on the armistice line, and build a military armistice conference room in the middle. In addition, people can deeply realize the preciousness of peace and unity.
4. Jianghua Island
Starting from Xincun Station, it takes about 1 hour and 10 minutes to arrive. This is the origin of the myth of Wang Jian, the ancestor of the Korean nation. There are many historical sites, such as the city wall built to resist the invasion of Mongolian troops and the fortress built at the end of the Korean dynasty to deal with the threat of foreign forces.
The Deng Chuan Temple in the south of the city fully demonstrates the architectural style of the Korean era.
5. Longren Everland
Located in front of Pugu, Longren County, Gyeonggi Province. In Longren Natural Agriculture Park, there is a newly-built comprehensive theme park, Everland. In the amusement world, there are more than 40 kinds of amusement facilities besides the nature wildlife park. Especially in the paradise of Caribbean Bay, visitors can surf in the artificial waves.
6. Seoul Grand Park
Located at Moxi Dongshan 159- 1 in Guo Chuan, Gyeonggi Province. There are three wildlife parks, a greenhouse botanical garden with more than 1 166 species and about 19667 species, a modern amusement park, Seoul East Park and the National Museum of Modern Art, etc.
7. Korean Folk Village
Located in Qifulori 107, Qixing, Longren County, Gyeonggi Province, with a total area of about 230,000 square meters. There are various farmhouses, houses, temples, markets, two kinds of (noble) houses and official halls on display here. There are 15 demonstration performances of bamboo art, wood art and Chinese medicine treatment in art workshops and Chinese medicine pharmacies, and traditional wedding ceremonies, farmhouse music and rope walking are also staged daily. Here you can personally experience the cultural atmosphere of Korean daily life.
8. Seoul Racecourse
Injection hole in Guo Chuan, Gyeonggi Province. Seoul Racecourse is located between Qingxi Mountain and Guanyue Mountain. The natural landscape is beautiful, and the modern racecourse on the ground floor 1 6 can accommodate more than 40,000 horse fans. Every Saturday and Sunday, large-scale activities of ordinary and special activities will be held. Polo tickets, like those in Japan, are divided into winning streak, single winning streak and multiple winning streak. The open night show from the end of July to the beginning of September made the horse fans even crazier.
(3) Busan
Busan is the largest port in South Korea, located in the southeast corner of South Korea, and the second largest city in South Korea with a population of about 4 million. It takes 4 hours 10 minutes to take the newborn train from Seoul. It takes about 5 hours and 20 minutes to take the expressway from Seoul. It takes about 1 hour to fly from Seoul to Busan.
The main tourist attractions in Busan and its surrounding areas are:
1.Beomeosa Temple
Founded in 678 AD, it is the headquarters of Zen Buddhism. The original 36 large-scale temples were unfortunately destroyed in the Renchen Japanese Rebellion. However, in 17 17, the extinct platform of Daxiong Hall was exquisite and gorgeous, which was a masterpiece of Korean dynasty architecture. Other remaining buildings include seven temples, two attics, three giant doors, 1 1 clean temples and three-story stone pagodas.
2. Longtoushan Park
When you climb Longtou Mountain, you can overlook the streets in the bustling area of Busan and the adjacent seashore. When the weather is fine, you can see Tsushima Island in the distance. In the park, there is a bronze statue of General Li Shunchen, the hero of saving the nation during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, and the Busan Tower, which is120m high, is the landscape of the whole city.
3. Li Xian Ocean National Park
It takes about 3 hours and 45 minutes from Busan Coast Ferry Station (Pudong Subway Station) to Lishui.
From the leisure island at the western end of Busan to Lishui in the whole south, there is a winding coast with beautiful scenery. Many small islands and cliffs form natural barriers, so it is best to watch them by boat. Tourists travel from Busan to Lishui by flying wing ship Angel, which is faster than land. On the way, they passed by Zhongwu and Lishui, where there are rich historical sites. Quot Crane Island is famous for 3000 Pu. You can get off at Jinshan in the South China Sea.
If you want to visit the beautiful scenery of Jochey Island-Hai Jingang, you only need to take a boat to Changchengpu in Busan (about 1 hour), and then take a yacht from Changchengpu.
4. Tongdu Temple
This famous Buddhist temple is painted with exquisite patterns and murals. In 646 AD, it was founded by the master of magnetic storage who brought back the Buddha relic from the Tang Dynasty in China. It is one of the three major fame and fortune in Korea. Renchen was burnt down during the Japanese rebellion, and was rebuilt in 160 1, 164 1. Because it is only dedicated to Buddhist relics, there is no Buddha statue, but there are various drums, cloud disks, wooden fish and Brahma bells in Brahma Pavilion. In addition, there are 35 architectural and artistic works, such as the beautifully decorated Daxiong Hall, Buermen Hall and the stone relief of Daguangming Hall preserved for 1300 years.
5. Unified battalion
It takes about 40 minutes by boat from Busan 1 hour, and about 2 hours from Busan West Bus Station. During the Japanese uprising in Nanking, General Li Shunchen, the hero of national salvation, took Tong Ying as his stronghold against Japanese general Toyotomi Hideyoshi. To commemorate the great achievements of the general, a large soldier's washing hall and a martyrs' shrine dedicated to the general's memorial tablet were built in 1603. There is a bronze statue of General Li in the park at the end of the port, which is also a good place to enjoy the seascape of the port and the island.
(4) Gyeongju
Gyeongju is the capital of Silla Dynasty and the cradle of ancient Korean civilization. It is a quiet city with a population of 280,000. Where there are mountains and valleys, there are tombs, stone pagodas, Buddha statues and temple relics; Instead of going to the museum to explore the ancient times, just visiting Gyeongju, the ancient capital, is equivalent to exploring the remains of ancient splendid culture. What about Gyeongju? Quot is called a museum without walls.
From Seoul to Gyeongju, it takes about 4 hours to take the Beijing-Fuzhou line, the new train on the central line or take the expressway.
The main tourist attractions in Gyeongju:
1. Gufen Park
It's about 5 minutes' walk from Gyeongju Railway Station. In addition to Tianma Tomb (more than 2,000 funerary objects/kloc-0), the park is centered on seven huge Silla tombs, surrounded by 23 ancient tombs and surrounded by stone walls, covering an area of more than 38,000 ping.
2. Stargazing platform
It is 5 minutes' walk from Qingzhou Railway Station and Gufen Park. At the beginning of the 7th century, Wang Jian was composed of 366 stones. It is speculated that at that time, astronomical meteorology was observed by the light reflected from the bottom water mirror and window, and the state affairs and crops were judged by the stars.
3. Qingzhou Folk Craft Village
Driving from Buddhist temple 10 minutes, driving from Pumen Lake 15 minutes. Located on the road from Foguo Temple to Pumen Lake, there is a 18 handicraft workshop, which makes lacquerware, Silla pottery, Buddha paintings, embroidery, metal handicrafts, paper handicrafts and bamboo weaving. Visitors can not only visit the production process of handicrafts, but also buy their favorite works as gifts on the spot.
4. Yan Yachi
It takes about 15 minutes to walk from Gyeongju Railway Station. The Wild Goose Duck Pond is a banquet for state guests. It was built by King Wu Wen of Silla in 674 A.D. to commemorate the reunification of the Three Kingdoms. Now, there are only one quarter of the gardens around Linhai Temple and Lianchi.
5. Five mausoleums
It takes about 20 minutes to take a taxi from Gyeongju Railway Station. The tombs of the legendary ancestors of Silla Dynasty-Park He Ju and Wang Hao, and the tombs of the second, third and fifth generations are listed here. The pine forest here is dense and silent. From different angles, the number and shape of graves seem to have changed.
6. Buddhist temple
It's 30 minutes' walk from Gyeongju Railway Station. As a world cultural heritage, this Buddhist temple was built in 535 AD. In its heyday, the scope of the temple expanded to about 10 times of the existing one. Unfortunately, it was burned down during the Japanese rebellion in Nonchen, and then it was restored and rebuilt, which is the present building. Only the truly intact stone parts can show the prosperity of Silla culture.
7. Jialing
It takes only 10 minutes by car from the Buddhist temple. It is the only complete tomb in the unified Silla era. From the morphological point of view, it can be inferred that it is the tomb of Yuan Shengwang at the end of the 8th century. There are warrior statues, literati statues and two pairs of Persian-like stone lions in the pine forest, and there are 12 half-man, half-beast stone statues on the earthen platform of the ancient tomb behind.
8.Seokguram
It takes about 20 minutes by car from the Buddhist temple bus station. It declared the world cultural heritage together with the Buddhist temple. In 75 1 year, it was built by then prime minister Jin Dacheng in memory of his parents. It is an affiliated building of the Stone Buddha Temple. At present, there are no temples, only the man-made grottoes and the sitting statue of Nigumei found in Houshan by 1909 are masterpieces in the history of Buddhist art.
9. Nanshan
Located at the southern end of Gyeongju, it is 468 meters high. There were more than 100 temples in Silla era, which shows the prosperity of Buddhist culture at that time. Today, there are only 55 temple sites, 59 stone buddhas and 38 stone pagodas. If tourists don't have enough time to travel around Nanshan, they might as well take a bus to visit the Three Stone Buddha at the foot of Nanshan and feel the cultural atmosphere of Silla era.
It takes about 3 hours to get to Anton from Gyeongju by train. There are leisure places and masquerade performances where ancient capital and modern civilization coexist.
(5) Jeju Island
Jeju Island, famous for its fantasy island, is the largest island in South Korea, with an area of 1.825 square kilometers, about 1.000 kilometers from the southern tip of the Korean Peninsula. In the middle of the island, there is Hankan, the highest peak in Korea, with an altitude of 1, 950 meters. Due to the influence of the warm current flowing through the offshore, Jeju Island has a mild climate with subtropical climate characteristics. It is an important tourist attraction in Korea.
Jeju Island was established as an independent country in ancient times, so it has its unique customs, dialects and cultural characteristics, and also has a different landscape from other parts of Korea. Because there are no thieves and beggars, there are no gates in the houses on the island, and people live a quiet and comfortable life.
Jeju, the largest city on the island, is located in the north of the island and is the seat of the Taoist government; Seoguipu, the second largest city, is located in the south of the island, and there are many traffic lines between the two cities. Conventional sightseeing bus tours can be divided into the West Ring Road and the East Ring Road, and the journey of each line is two days. When sightseeing on the island, most of them are on foot, so tourists had better wear casual clothes and shoes.
It takes about 1 hour from Seoul Gimpo Airport to Jeju Island, and about 45 minutes from Busan to Jeju Island. By boat, it takes about five and a half hours from Mokpo and two and a half hours from Busan/Kloc-0.
The main tourist attractions of Jeju Island are:
1. Dragon Head Rock
It takes about 15 minutes to walk from Jeju Central Road. It is a rock shaped like a dragon's head, which is formed by the condensation of magma ejected from the Korean crater at sea. It is said that the dragon turned to stone because it angered the gods.
2. Manjianggur Cave
It takes about 50 minutes to drive from Jeju city. The total length of the lava cave formed by taking out lava for Korea is 13.4 km, which is called the first in the world, but only about 1 km is open to tourists. It takes about 1 hour to watch the strange rocks formed by melting banks. The dark caves make people feel mysterious.
3.the mountain king never leaves.
It takes about 40 minutes to get to this scenic spot by bus 1 from Jeju city. Show Han a typical crater with a circumference of about 2 kilometers. More than 420 species of temperate plants gather near the crater. These temperate plants and alpine plants have high academic research value.
4. Main Waterfall
Located in Seoguipu City, it takes about 10 minutes to walk from the city center. These two waterfalls, which pour directly into the ocean, are 23 meters high and form a magnificent landscape with the cliffs along the coast. You can see the scenery from the coast above or below the waterfall, or you can take a boat trip from the sea.
5. Chengshan Sunrise Peak
It takes about 1 hour 10 minutes by car from Seoguipu or Jeju. As one of the 360 sub-volcanoes in Halla Mountain, it is known as the largest crater protruding from the coast in the world. The top of the mountain is an open pasture, which can be reached in about 30 minutes by climbing the mountain. From here, you can watch the sunrise, which is beautiful. There are sightseeing boats and motorboats around Chengshan Sunrise Peak, and there are conch and abalone farms on the west coast, where you can watch sea girls dive and get together.
6. Halla Mountain National Park
The height is 1950m, which is the highest peak in Korea. The reason why tourists can't feel its height is mainly due to the extension, inclination and relaxation of the seabed. Jeju Island was also formed during the eruption of Halla Mountain. There are 1800 kinds of plants and wild insects in subtropical and cold regions growing on the mountain. Rhododendron flowers in spring, alpine plants in summer, red leaves in autumn and snow scenes in winter constitute the four seasons picture scroll of Hanna Mountain.
If tourists want to climb the mountain, they'd better make some corresponding preparations. 1, No.2 cross highway can reach the entrance of the hiking trail, and the best climbing time is May or 10 with stable climate.
7. China Entertainment District
Take the West Industrial Road from Jeju City for about 1 hour, and take it from Seogwipo City for about 20 minutes. It is a holiday and leisure place developed by the Korea Tourism Organization, where discussions about Halla Mountain and the coast are held, and many tourists come for sightseeing and vacation every year.
Hotels in the leisure area have complete leisure facilities, such as Jeju Sightseeing Botanical Garden-such as Di Mei, Tiandiyuan Waterfall, Chinese golf course, Chinese bathing beach, Royal Ocean Park, sightseeing fishing village, etc.
(1) Central Region
Central South Korea is mostly plain, and railways and various roads are like cobwebs, but they are orderly. The main cities here are Daejeon, Chungju and Cheongju. Daejeon, which once hosted the World Expo 1993, is only two hours' drive from Seoul. It is the only pass of Jilong Mountain and Su Lishan National Park, the tourist center city in the central region, and the crossroads of Kyushu and Hunan.
Duke Zhou and Fuyu, the capitals of Baekje Dynasty, have preserved rich ancient cultural heritage. In addition to the ancient city, there are hot springs such as Confucian City and Wenyang around Datian, and national parks such as Tibetan Mountain, Deyu Mountain and Wuli Mountain.
(2) Northeast China
There are many ski resorts and historical sites in the northeast, as well as waterfalls, caves, hot springs, beaches, national parks and coastal fishing villages, among which Xueyue Mountain National Park is second to none. Granite peaks, lush valleys, dense forests, mysterious temples, waterfalls flowing for thousands of miles, crystal clear streams ... constitute beautiful landscape paintings in this area.
folk custom
First, the concept of surnames and villagers
Most Korean names are three words, and a few are two words. The first word is the surname, the second word and the third word are the first name, and one word represents the clan, which is usually attached to a man's name. Each generation is different, and it can be placed in the position of the second or third word at will. According to the Supplementary Literature Reference at the end of the Li Dynasty, there were 496 surnames in North Korea, but in a survey of 1960, only 4 1 1 was found, among which the largest surnames were Jin (about 2 1.7%) and Li (. Most of them are single surnames, and a few are compound surnames, such as Xianyu, Gong Yu, Okada and Hasegawa. According to the law, people with the same family name cannot get married. If you force a marriage without authorization, not only will parents not admit it, but government agencies will not go through the formalities of marriage registration. However, in recent years, there has been a high demand for the abolition of this clause.
Koreans have a strong "blood relationship" and "local concept", and the kinship network is particularly developed. Even distant relatives, communication is sparse, and villagers often meet each other. Political relations are also influenced by regional concepts, and voters generally only support candidates in their own regions. Strong local concepts have also caused some negative effects, such as the regional opposition between Gyeongsangnam-do and Jeollanam-do. More than a thousand years ago, Gyeongsangdo was the birthplace of Silla Kingdom, and Luojin Road was the seat of Baekje Kingdom. Later Silla destroyed Baekje and unified the country. Due to historical reasons, most people who have ruled Korea since ancient times are Gyeongsangdao people. Four presidents, including park chung-hee, Jin Douhuan, Lu Taiyu and Jin Yongsan, chaebol Li Bingzhe (Samsung), You Renhui (Venus) and Jin Yuzhong (Chinese characters), and 70%-80% of senior military generals were born in Gyeongsangdo. Kim Dae-jung, the most famous opposition party, and Jin Zhihe, a famous poet who opposed dictatorship, were both born in Jeolla-do. 1980 gwangju anti-government riots also occurred in Jeolla-do.
Second, etiquette and taboos.
(1) Etiquette
South Korea is deeply influenced by Confucian education, and the etiquette is characterized by paying attention to the differences between status, seniority, old and young, and men and women. For people with high status and deep qualifications, we should show respect to the elderly and men, use honorifics (a grammatical form held in Korean) when speaking, say hello first, and give way when walking with others, instead of walking in front. In the family, men are superior to women, and men are outside and women are inside; Advocating "a good wife and a good mother" almost all housework falls on women. Men and women over 7 years old cannot sit at the same table. Most women with better family economy do not work after marriage, and even if they work, their salary is lower than that of men. In recent years, the feminist movement has developed, striving for equality between men and women and equal pay for equal work, demanding that the retirement age of female civil servants be changed from 43 to 50.
1. Say hello to people you know, and be sure to say hello to each other. Depending on your status, you can nod, bow, shake hands or hug.
2. When introducing guests from home, parents and guests salute each other, and then introduce the identity and address of each guest to the children, so that the children can bow or bow down to the guests. If you are in the work unit, introduce the people from this unit to the visiting guests first.
It is very hospitable to entertain Koreans. Entertaining guests is often to do their best to bring out the best dishes at home, and guests try to eat and drink. The more they eat, the more they can show their deep feelings. Korean men generally like to drink mortar wine and drink a lot. They toasted each other, chatted and sang while drinking, and it was very lively. China's history book "Biography of Wei's Eastward Aliens" records the customs of drinking, singing and dancing in North Korea. According to the survey conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 198 1 year, the per capita consumption of liquor in Korea is 9.2 liters per year, ranking among the best in the world. When drinking, sit down according to status and seniority and pour the wine in turn. The person with the highest status raised his glass first, and then followed in turn. People with great status differences can't drink at the same table. People with low status have to turn their backs to drink because of special circumstances. When people with low status touch each other's cups, they should touch each other's cups with the rim, not sideways, otherwise it is impolite. When people with low status need to propose a toast to people with high status, they should ask their permission. When they come forward to propose a toast, they should bow first and say some congratulations, holding the bottle in their right hand and the bottom of the bottle in their left hand. It should be noted that the toaster only pours wine, does not accompany it, and bows when leaving. The person who accepts the toast should say something of thanks. When people with similar status toast each other, they should pour each other wine and clink glasses.
4. It is also a habit of Koreans since ancient times to offer cigarettes to guests. But in general, people with low status can't smoke in front of people with high status. Children should never smoke in front of their parents, let alone borrow or receive fire from them.
5. Take off your shoes when you wear socks into Korean homes and when you eat in Korean canteens, so be sure to wear clean socks. It is impolite to have dirty or holes in socks. People think they are ill-bred. When seated, both the host and the guest should sit cross-legged on the floor, and they can't straighten their legs, let alone separate.
(2) Taboo
Koreans generally avoid the word "four". Because of Korea