Before grafting, the cactus as the root must be cut off in the previous year to survive. Choose cactus carefully and choose cold-resistant cactus. Triangular arrow (also known as protractor) is not cold-resistant and not suitable for selection. The same cactus has different cold tolerance because of different varieties. Choose varieties whose skins have not shrunk in winter. This shows that it has good cold resistance and strong resistance. In addition, you should also choose the thick flat stem blocks that you used to smoke, which are too old and tender. If the stem of cactus cut the year before last does not survive, it can be cut and grafted at the same time. However, the survival time after transplantation should be prolonged.
In order to improve the survival rate, the scion should be single piece. Because at this time, the cactus stem block must first solve its own rooting problem, and then it can provide nutrients for the scion. At this time, the nutrient supply of scion can only be completed by the juice reserve inside the stem block. Therefore, compared with cactus with roots, the survival time of grafting should be prolonged, the success coefficient of grafting should be reduced, and it is reasonable to choose only one scion. The scion of cactus with root can have multiple nodes, and each node can have multiple pieces, the degree of which depends on the size of the rootstock. Multi-segment and multi-slice grafting is beneficial to rapid prototyping. Generally speaking, it is better to choose cactus with roots as rootstock for grafting.
2, the main points to pay attention to when grafting
There are three points to pay attention to when grafting.
(1) Find the cambium of the rhizome. The basic principle of grafting is to combine the cambium of rootstock and scion to make them heal into a whole. Cactus is a succulent plant with inconspicuous cambium and exists in vascular bundles. Therefore, only by determining the arrangement position of vascular bundles can the cambium be found. Cut the cactus with a knife. The outermost layer of the cross section is dark green, the inner tender green is arranged in a ring, which is a vascular bundle, and the middle light green part is pith. When grafting, the vascular bundles of rootstock and scion must be mostly tight, which is the key to the survival of grafting.
(b) Selection of scions: scions should choose branches that are neither old nor tender. If the stem block is big and thick, it means it is full of vitality. The scion can choose several sections, and each section can have multiple pieces, which is beneficial to rapid molding. After the scion is selected, it is obliquely cut into duckbill shape from both sides of the lower segment with a disinfection blade. The section length is about 3 cm, and the outer skin of the main vein protruding in the middle should also be cut off. In addition, it is easy to ignore that the cross section of the top of the main vein is uneven, and it is also necessary to cut off a little parallel and trim it straight, so as to facilitate firm contact during insertion, accelerate healing and make the transplantation successful. (c) grafting: cutting the rootstock stem block into a V-shape for splitting. The principle is that the main vascular bundle should be used on the section as much as possible, and it should not be allowed to dry. The requirement of cutting the split of the rootstock is to cut a knife longitudinally at the top of the rootstock, and the notch width and depth are subject to the cutting surface of the scion, which is slightly larger and deeper. Then insert the scion. Because both rootstock and scion have viscous liquid, the scion is easy to swim when grafting, and the more effective way is to fix it with two cactus thorns. In order to be more reliable, after fixing the thorn, use candle oil drops to completely seal around the joint. The advantage of this method are obvious. On the one hand, it can prevent the interface from drying, on the other hand, it can prevent bacterial infection, and it doesn't matter if water accidentally falls on the interface.
3. Adoption management after grafting.
The grafted seedlings should be placed in a cool and ventilated place first. After watering a few days before grafting, don't water for at least half a month. If the basin is of good texture and poor air permeability, the watering time can be extended. The general principle is to wait until the grafting survives before considering watering slightly. Sometimes it can be replaced by sprinkling water. Cactus will never die of drought, only because it is watered too much and its roots rot. This is very important because frequent watering after grafting will reduce the mucus concentration inside cactus. That is to say, if the proportion of water in it rises, the consequences will generally cause rot at the interface, the rootstock will be difficult to heal, and the survival rate will be greatly reduced. It can be said that it is nine deaths, and the author has learned a lesson. In addition, in April, the physiological activities inside the cactus rootstock have begun to sprout, and sometimes tender stems will appear in different parts of the rootstock, so they should be picked at any time, otherwise they will compete with the scion for nutrition and inhibit the survival and growth of the scion.
After grafting according to the above requirements, it can generally survive for half a month. You can also do your own visual inspection. After half a month, the scion you see stands upright, full of energy and hard to handle, so nine times out of ten it is grafted. If the grafted seedlings are well managed, a small number of flowers will be produced in that year and presented to you in the next year.
Introduction of cactus _ cactus
(alias: tiger thorn, wood unicorn)
Family and genus: cactus.
Scientific name: pereskia aculeata.
English name:
Origin: America and West Indies.
Propagation mode: cutting.
Flowering and fruiting period: the flowering period is from late summer to early autumn.
Sunshine: Full sunshine.
Temperature: The optimum growth temperature is 25℃ ~ 30℃.
Soil: loose sandy loam with good drainage is preferred.
Moisture: like humidity and drought resistance.
morphological character
Semi-deciduous woody climbing liana, the vine length can reach 3 ~ 10 m, the old branches have thorns, and they are often bent into hooks on the climbing branches. Leaves ovate, broadly elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, apex acute to short acuminate, base cuneate to round, entire, slightly fleshy. Racemes or panicles of fragrant white, yellow or pink flowers. Berries.
use as ornament
Cactus flowers are elegant and fragrant. It is an excellent flower viewing plant and suitable for garden hedge cultivation. Because of its prickly stems, it is not suitable for campus greening in residential areas, kindergartens and primary schools.
Medicinal value of cactus and its nutritional and health care value
Cactus (also known as fairy palm and Guanyin palm) is a spiny plant growing in tropical and subtropical desert areas. Cactus is a wonderful flower among ornamental plants with many varieties, strange shapes and bright colors. It can not only beautify the living environment, but also has great medicinal value and health care value. Cactus can be collected and used as medicine all year round, and can be eaten fresh or sliced and dried for later use. Chinese medicine believes that cactus is bitter in taste and cold in nature, and has the effects of promoting qi and blood circulation, clearing away heat and detoxifying. Mainly used for heartburn, swelling and pain, dysentery, hemorrhoids, cough, sore throat, lung carbuncle, furuncle, scald, snake injury and so on. These are recorded in herbal medicine and folk works of past dynasties.
Medicinal value of cactus
The medicinal use of cactus has been handed down by the people in China, and it has been utilized and developed. As a medicinal plant, cactus was first seen in Zhao Xuemin's Compendium of Materia Medica in Qing Dynasty. According to the book, cactus tastes light and cold. It has the effects of promoting qi circulation, promoting blood circulation, clearing away heat and toxic materials, relieving swelling and pain, invigorating spleen and stopping diarrhea, calming the nerves and inducing diuresis, and can be used for treating various diseases both orally and externally.
According to the latest research report of American scientists, cactus contains 17 kinds of amino acids, 4 kinds of vitamins, 8 kinds of trace elements, a lot of flavonoids and polysaccharides, and more than 10000 kinds of phytochemicals (also known as phytonutrients), which is the highest phytochemical content discovered by scientists so far. Modern medical research shows that cactus can enhance human immunity, regulate metabolism, improve microcirculation, dissolve thrombus, repair gastric ulcer and regulate gastrointestinal dysfunction such as dyspepsia and constipation. Its fiber and mucus can not only enhance gastrointestinal peristalsis, but also clean the digestive tract. Because cactus contains amino acids and antioxidants, it can also protect human body from environmental pollution. Cactus contains a substance called propanol diacid, which can inhibit the growth of fat and play a role in losing weight. Cactus also has unique effects in supplementing calcium, lowering blood sugar and lowering blood fat. According to the statistics of the World Health Organization (WHO), the incidence of cancer, cardiovascular disease and diabetes in Mexico is the lowest in the world, which is not unrelated to Mexicans' long-term consumption of cactus.
Nutritional and health care value of cactus
Cactus is a new type of vegetable with high calcium content, high flavonoid polysaccharide content, low sodium content and no oxalic acid. It is known as the green natural food in the 20th century, which can be eaten directly as a vegetable and processed into a variety of health products. There is a Mexican proverb that a cactus a day keeps it young. Li Shizhen, a famous Chinese doctor in Ming Dynasty, also said that eating cactus can prolong life. Dr. Chen Zhaofei, a Chinese-American scientist and founder of nutritional immunology, once said that cactus is the most perfect food given by nature to human beings!
Because cactus is extremely nutritious, it can be seen in five-star hotels and presidential state banquets in American countries, and it is also very popular in many countries in Europe, Africa and Japan. In the cactus kingdom of Mexico, the tender stems (palms) of cactus are sold as vegetables in the market: they are pickled with salt and eaten as cold dishes, which are crisp and refreshing; Cooked and eaten, it tastes delicious; Candied fruit is processed with boiled sugar and has a unique flavor.
However, not all cacti are edible. Edible cactus is usually contained in cactus and cactus. Its fleshy stems can be eaten as vegetables and fruits can be eaten as fresh fruits.
Causes of bud drop of Crab Claw Orchid
Crab claw orchid is extremely sensitive. In the process of potted crab claw orchid, people often see the phenomenon that it sometimes germinates as soon as it appears, which is very regrettable and annoying. The suitable temperature for the bud stage of Crab claw orchid is 15 ~ 20℃. When the temperature is lower than 15℃, the growth is stopped. Once the rootstock stops growing, the supply of nutrients and water will be limited, which will inevitably lead to the withering and shedding of buds. The low temperature in the late autumn night will also cause the buds to fall. The budding time of Crab Claw Orchid is generally in the late stage of 10. At this time, the nights are long and the days are short, especially the sunshine in the northern region is greatly shortened. People have to move the orchid pot indoors, and the flowers and plants lose photosynthesis, so the phenomenon of bud falling is inevitable. After the crab claw orchid sprouts, it is necessary to apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in time and spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the leaves once a week, otherwise it will sprout because of insufficient phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. When watering the crab claw orchid, we should pay attention to the fact that the water temperature is consistent with the ambient temperature at that time, and the gap should not be too big. If the water temperature is too cold, lower than the ambient temperature, it will lead to a large number of buds falling off. Too much or too little watering can also cause buds to fall off.