China, Heilongjiang, JiNing, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Ningxia, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shaanxi and Shandong provinces. It grows on grasslands, hills and gravel slopes. Roots are used to treat common cold, headache, joint pain and neuralgia. (Image source overview:)
Basic introduction Chinese name: Fangfeng Latin scientific name: Fangfeng? Disagreement? (Trucz。 )Schischk。 Other names: Beifangfeng, Guanfangfeng (Northeast), Zheriganni (Inner Mongolia): Botany: Angiosperms: Dicotyledonous Subclass: Primitive Perianth Subclass: Umbelliferae: Umbelliferae Subclass: Celerianae: Gum Tree: Saposhnikovia: Saposhnikovia Distribution: Naming and Year: (Trucz. )Schischk。 , 195 1 morphological characteristics, habitat, growth habits, propagation methods, sowing, transplanting seedlings, root segments, cultivation techniques, soil preparation and fertilization, field management, harvesting and processing, disease control, powdery mildew, leaf blight, main value, morphological characteristics, perennial herbs, 30-80 cm height. Roots stout, slender cylindrical, forked, yellow-brown. The roots are covered with fibrous leaf residues and obvious ring patterns. The stem is solitary, branched at the base, obliquely ascending, long near the main stem, with thin edge, basal leaves clustered, petiole long and leaf sheath wide at the base. The leaf blade is ovoid or oblong, with a length of14-35cm and a width of 6-8cm. The second lobe is pinnately divided into two or nearly three lobes. The first lobe is ovoid or oblong, with a stalk and a length of 5-8cm. The second lobe has a short stalk at the lower part, and the last lobe is narrowly wedge-shaped with a length of 2.5 cm. Cauline leaves are similar to basal leaves, but smaller, terminal leaves are simplified and leaf sheaths are wide. There are many compound umbels, which are born on stems and branches, and the top peduncle is 2-5 cm long; Umbrella spokes 5-7, 3-5 cm long, glabrous; Umbellies have flowers 4-10; Without involucral bracts; Involucral bracts 4-6, linear or lanceolate, long apex, about 3 mm long, calyx teeth short triangle; Petals obovate, white, about 65438 0.5 mm long, hairless, slightly concave at the top, with an inflected uvula. Ginkgo biloba fruit is narrowly round or oval, 4-5 mm long and 2-3 mm wide, with warty protrusions when it is young and gradually smooth when it is mature; Generally, each groove has 1 tubing, and the joint surface has 2 tubing; The ventral surface of endosperm is flat. The flowering period is August-September, and the fruiting period is 9-65438+1October. Origin: China, Heilongjiang, JiNing, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Ningxia, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Shandong and other provinces. It grows on grasslands, hills and gravel slopes. Growth habits are windproof, cold-resistant and drought-resistant, avoiding excessive humidity and rain and waterlogging. Windbreak is not very strict with soil, but to choose high-lying and dry sunny land, loose, fertile sandy loam with deep soil layer and good drainage is the most suitable soil. Clay, waterlogging, strong acidity or heavy saline-alkali land are not suitable for planting. Breeding methods can be autumn sowing or spring sowing. Autumn sowing in northern China is mostly before freezing in late autumn. Dry seeds should be used for autumn sowing, and seedlings should emerge in spring, with uniform emergence rate, solid root texture, sufficient powder and good quality. Spring sowing should be carried out in the middle and late May, that is, when the ground temperature reaches 15℃. The germination rate of spring sowing is low. Before sowing, soak the seeds in warm water at 35℃ for 24 hours, take them out and dry the skins slightly before sowing. When sowing, in the prepared border, dig a shallow ditch with a row spacing of 20 cm and a depth of 3-5 cm, cover it with soil 1- 1.5 cm, and slightly suppress it. The sowing amount per mu is about 2 kg. Transplanted seedlings can be planted in spring or autumn. Trenching horizontally on the whole seedbed according to the row spacing of 10- 15 cm, with the trench depth of 5 cm. Spread the seeds evenly in the furrow, cover the soil by 2 cm, and suppress it slightly. The sowing amount per mu is 6-8kg. Cover the border with straw mats, keep warm and moist, and be permeable to water, and seedlings can emerge 20-25 days after sowing. In case of spring drought after sowing, water in time to make the soil water content reach 40%, which is beneficial to seedling emergence. Weeding and loosening the soil for three times continuously after emergence, so that there are no weeds in the border. Top dressing was applied when the seedling height was 8 cm, and manure 1000 kg and calcium superphosphate 15 kg were applied per mu. When harvesting root segments in autumn or early spring, select root strips with a thickness of more than 0.7 cm, cut them into small segments with a length of 3-5 cm, and dig pits with a row spacing of 50× 15 cm, with a pit depth of 6-8 cm. Each pit is planted with a root segment and covered with soil of 3 cm. About 50 kilograms of seed roots are used per mu. You can also plant the seed roots in the upper part of the roots with the row spacing of 10× 3cm in late autumn, or plant them again when 1-2 leaves grow in the next spring. Cultivation techniques Soil preparation and fertilization Artificial cultivation should choose loam, sandy loam or humus loam with deep soil layer, good drainage, looseness and fertility and sufficient sunshine as the bed. Apply 2000 Jin of farmyard manure per mu. High bed with big ridge is adopted, with bed width 130- 140cm, length as required, bed height 10- 12cm and bed spacing of 30cm. Farming and weeding in field management. Weed many times before June to keep the fields clean. When the plant is closed, remove the old leaves first, and then cultivate the roots to prevent lodging; In winter, we should clean up the site and re-cultivate the soil to help the roots overwinter. Spacing, fixing and supplementing seedlings. When the seedling height is 5cm, the spacing between plants is10 cm; When the height of seedlings is 10- 13cm, the spacing between seedlings is 30cm. Transplanting and replanting missing parts. Transplanting with soil and watering in time after planting are beneficial to survival. Top dressing When the base fertilizer is sufficient and the growth is vigorous, top dressing is not needed in the first year. Otherwise, 50 kg of decomposed cake fertilizer or 5- 10 kg of urea and 7 kg of diammonium phosphate can be topdressing before the cluster leaves are closed. When turning green in the second year, topdressing human excrement 1000 kg and diammonium phosphate 7 kg per mu, or topdressing ammonium sulfate 15 kg and diammonium phosphate 7-8 kg per mu. Irrigation and drainage. From sowing to seedling emergence, the soil should be kept moist to prevent the soil surface from hardening and affecting seedling emergence. Pay attention to timely drainage and flood control in rainy season to avoid rotten roots and dead seedlings. Picking. For plants more than two years old, when bolting and flowering in June-July, in addition to keeping seeds, flowers should be picked in time when bolting is found. 65438+1late October to 165438 mid-October or before spring germination. Seed propagation of Fangfeng can be harvested in the second year. Saposhnikovia divaricata propagated by roots in spring can be harvested in the same year when the roots are 30 cm long and 65438 0.5 cm thick under the conditions of sufficient water and fertilizer and lush growth. The second year of autumn sowing 10 to 1 1 harvest. When harvesting, a deep ditch should be dug from one end of the border, and the roots should be dug to remove the residual stems and soil. 200-300 kilograms of dried medicinal materials can be collected per mu. Disease control powdery mildew mainly harms leaves and tender stems. At the beginning of the disease, white powdery mildew spots appeared on leaves and tender stems, and then spread gradually, and the whole leaves and tender stems were covered with powdery mildew. When the disease is serious, it will cause early defoliation and young stem death. The disease is a fungal disease, and the pathogen overwinters in a closed capsule on the remains of the diseased plant. In the next spring, when the temperature and humidity conditions are suitable, ascospores are released and directly invade from the epidermis, causing initial infection. Molecular spores produced on diseased plants are frequently and repeatedly infected by wind and rain.
Control method: (1) Agricultural control. Strengthening field management in autumn and winter and removing sick and disabled bodies in time can reduce the source of overwintering bacteria and pay attention to ventilation and light transmission in the field. (2) chemical control. At the initial stage of the disease, 40% flusilazole suspension 65,438+0,000 times and 65,438+0.2.5% Zhixinxing wettable powder 500 times were sprayed for 2-3 times. Leaf blight mainly harms leaves and stems. The lesion on the leaf is round to nearly round, 2-5 mm in size, brown, slightly light in the center, with small black spots on it, that is, pathogen conidia. This disease is a fungal disease. The pathogen overwinters on diseased leaves or stems with conidia, and conidia spread with airflow in the following spring, causing primary infection and reinfection.
Control measures: (1) Agricultural control. Reasonable close planting, pay attention to ventilation; Scientific fertilizer and water management to improve plant disease resistance; Clean the fields before winter, burn the sick and disabled, and reduce the source of germs. (2) chemical control. At the initial stage of the disease, the diseased leaves can be removed, and the Bordeaux mixture of 1: 100, or 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 600 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder, or 800 times of 70% mancozeb wettable powder can be sprayed for 2-3 times with an interval of 7. Its main value is rooted in medicine and it is one of the famous medicinal materials in Northeast China. It has the effects of sweating, resolving phlegm, expelling wind and cold, and relieving pain, and can be used for treating common cold, headache, arthralgia and neuralgia. Saposhnikovia root is used as medicine. Sexual taste is pungent, sweet and warm. It has the effects of relieving exterior syndrome and sweating, expelling wind and removing dampness, and is mainly used for treating common cold, headache, fever, joint pain and tetanus. In addition, the leaves and flowers of Saposhnikovia divaricata can also be used as medicine.