1. The ancient text about Qin destroying the six kingdoms and unifying the world

Historical Records.

The Chronicle of Qin Shihuang: When he was thirteen years old, King Zhuang Xiang died, and Zhengdai was established as King of Qin. At that time, the land of Qin had merged with Ba, Shu, and Hanzhong. There was Ying in Yuewan, and Nanjun was established. To the east of Shangjun in the north, there were Hedong, Taiyuan, and Shangdang counties. In the east, as far as Xingyang, it destroyed two weeks and established Sanchuan County. .

Lu Buwei was appointed prime minister, granted a title of 100,000 households, and was named Marquis Wenxin. Inviting guests and tourists, hoping to unite the world.

Li Si was the one who gave up. Meng Ao, Wang Jue, Hegong and others were the generals.

When the king was young, he first came to the throne and was appointed minister of state. In the first year of Jinyang's rebellion, General Meng Ao defeated him.

In the second year, Duke Heng attacked Juan and beheaded 30,000 people. In the third year, Meng Ao attacked Han and captured thirteen cities.

Wang Ye died. In October, General Meng Ao attacked Wei Shizhuang and Yougui.

Hungry at the end of the year. In the fourth year, there are tricks and tricks.

In March, the army stopped. The protégé of Qin returned to Zhao, and the prince of Zhao returned from abroad.

In October Gengyin, locusts came from the east and covered the sky. The epidemic in the world.

The common people have a thousand stones in their hearts, and they are worshiped at the first level. In the fifth year, General Ao attacked Wei, targeting the cities of Suanzao, Yan, Xu, Changping, Yongqiu and Shanyang, and captured twenty cities.

Dongjun was first established. Dong Lei.

In the sixth year, Han, Wei, Zhao, Wei, and Chu attacked Qin and captured Shouling. Qin sent out troops, and the troops of the five countries stopped.

After pulling out the guards and forcing Dongjun, his king Jiao led his relatives to move to Yewang, blocking his mountains to protect Wei's river. In the seventh year, the comet first appears in the east and appears in the north, and in the fifth month, it appears in the west.

The general died. Attack the capitals of Long, Gu and Qing, and return the troops to attack Ji.

The comet returns to the west. 16th.

The Queen Mother Xia died. In the eighth year, the king's younger brother, Chang'an Jun, became General Xiu and attacked Zhao. He rebelled and stationed them to death. All the military officers were killed and the people were moved to Lintao.

In the eleventh year, Wang Jian, Huanjue, Yang Duanhe attacked Ye and captured nine cities. Wang Jian attacked Yanyu and Puyang, and they all formed one army.

On the 18th day of General Jian's reign, the army returned to Doushi. Shi pushed two people to join the army and captured Ye Anyang, General Huanjue. In the thirteenth year, Huanjie attacked Zhao Pingyang, killed Zhao general Hu Zhe, and beheaded 100,000 people.

The King of Henan. In the first month, the comet appears in the east.

In October, Huanjie attacked Zhao. In the fourteenth year, he attacked the Zhao army in Pingyang, captured Yi'an, defeated it, and killed its general.

Huan Jue settled in Pingyang and Wucheng. Han Fei sent Qin to Qin, Qin used Li Simou to keep Fei, and Fei died in Yunyang.

The King of Han please be my minister. In the fifteenth year, a large-scale army was mobilized. One army went to Ye and the other to Taiyuan to capture Langmeng.

Earthquake. In September of the 16th year, Han Nanyang, who was sent to receive his death, stayed in Teng.

The first order for men to write is the year. Wei offered his land to Qin.

Qin established Liyi. In the seventeenth year, Nei Shiteng attacked Han and captured King An of Han. He took in all his territory and made it a county, naming it Yingchuan.

Earthquake. The Queen Mother of Huayang died.

The people were starving. In the eighteenth year, a large number of troops were launched to attack Zhao. Wang Jian went to Shangdi and went to Jingxing, Duanhe led Hanoi, Qiang Yu attacked Zhao, and Duanhe surrounded Handan City.

In the 19th year, Wang Jian and Qiang You decided to take Dongyang, the land of Zhao, and get the king of Zhao. He led his troops to attack Yan and settled in Zhongshan.

In Handan, the king of Qin, all the people had enmity with his mother's family when the king was born in Zhao, and they all complained about it. The King of Qin returned from Taiyuan and Shangjun.

The First Emperor’s mother, the Queen Mother, died. Zhao Gongzijia led hundreds of people from his clan and established himself as the acting king. He joined forces with Yan in the east and marched up the valley.

Great hunger. In the 20th year, Prince Dan of Yan was attacked by Qin soldiers. He was afraid and sent Jing Ke to assassinate the King of Qin.

The king of Qin felt that he was in trouble, and dismissed Ke as a favor, and sent Wang Jian and Xin Sheng to attack Yan. Yan and Dai sent troops to attack the Qin army, and the Qin army broke through to the west of Yan Yishui.

In the twenty-first year, Wang Ben attacked. Nai Yi sent troops to attack Wang Jian's army, then defeated Prince Yan's army and captured Yan Jicheng, the leader of Prince Dan.

The king of Yan took over Liaodong and became the king. Wang Jian thanked him for returning home due to illness.

Xinzheng rebelled. Lord Changping moved to Ying.

Heavy rain and snow, two feet five inches deep. In the 22nd year, Wang Ben attacked Wei and diverted rivers and ditches to irrigate Daliang. The city of Daliang was destroyed. The king asked for surrender and took all the land.

In the twenty-third year, the king of Qin summoned Wang Jian again, strengthened him, and sent his generals to attack Jing. Taking the south of Chen to Pingyu, the king of Qin traveled to Yingchen.

Jing general Xiang Yan made Changping Lord the king of Jing and rebelled against Qin in Huainan. In the twenty-fourth year, Wang Jian and Meng Wu attacked Jing and defeated the Jing army. Lord Changping died, and Xiang Yan committed suicide.

In the twenty-fifth year, a large-scale army was mobilized, and General Wang Ben was sent to attack Yan and Liaodong, which pleased the King of Yan. He also attacked Dai and captured Wang Jia of Dai.

Wang Jian then settled on the land south of Jingjiang River, surrendered to Yuejun, and established Kuaiji County. In May, the world is in chaos.

In the twenty-sixth year, King Jian of Qi and his prime minister Sheng sent troops to guard its western border, blocking the way to Qin. Qin sent General Wang Bi to attack Qi from Yannan and captured King Jian of Qi.

At the beginning of the Qin Dynasty, he unified the world and ordered the prime minister and censor to say: "In the future, the king of Han accepted the imperial seal and asked him to serve as a minister. We have doubled the agreement and joined forces with Zhao and Wei to join the Qin Dynasty, so we raised troops. Kill him and capture the king. I thought it was a good idea, so I stopped fighting.

The king of Zhao sent his prime minister Li Mu to make an alliance, so he returned to his hostage and rebelled against me in Taiyuan, so he raised troops to kill him. , get its king.

Zhao Gongzi Jia Nai established himself as the acting king, so he raised his troops to destroy him. The king of Wei first agreed to submit to Qin, and then he joined forces with Han and Zhao to attack Qin. The Qin soldiers killed them and defeated them.

The king of Jing presented himself to the west of Qingyang, and he made an appointment to attack our southern county. Therefore, he sent troops to kill him, captured his king, and established the land of Jing. The king of Yan was in a state of confusion, and his prince Dan Nai secretly ordered Jing Ke to be a thief. The soldiers killed him and destroyed his country.

The king of Qi used his later strategy to defeat the envoys of Qin. In order to cause chaos, the soldiers killed the king, captured the king, and leveled the land. I used my own body to raise troops to suppress the riots, relying on the spirit of the ancestral temple, and the six kings fell victim to their crimes, and the world was settled.

If the name is not changed now, it cannot be called a success and passed down to future generations. He discussed the emperor's name. "

Prime Minister Wan, Yushi Dafu Jie, Ting Weisi, etc. all said: "In the past, the five emperors were thousands of miles away, and the foreign princes submitted to the barbarians and the princes, whether they were courting or not, the emperor could not control them. Today, Your Majesty has raised righteous troops, killed the remnants of thieves, and pacified the world. The country has been divided into prefectures and counties, and the laws and regulations have been unified. This has never happened since ancient times, and it is beyond the reach of the five emperors.

I would like to discuss this with the doctor: 'In ancient times, there were emperors of heaven, emperors of earth, and emperors of Thailand, and the emperor of Thailand was the most noble. ’ When I die, my ministers will be given the honorary title, and the king will be called ‘Emperor Tai’.

The order is called "Zhi", the order is called "Edict", and the emperor calls himself "I". "The king said: "Go to 'Tai', take 'Huang', adopt the ancient title of 'Emperor', and call him 'Emperor'.

He agreed. "Zhi said: "Yes. "

Respect King Zhuang and Xiang as the Supreme Emperor. Zhi said: "I heard that in ancient times there was a title without a posthumous title, and in the middle ages there was a title. He died in silence.

In this case, the son will discuss the father, and the minister will discuss the king. It is very meaningless, and I can't take it. Since now, the posthumous method has been eliminated.

I am the First Emperor. Later generations will be counted, and the second and third generations will be counted for all generations, and will be passed down endlessly. ”

============================= The above is the whole process of Qin’s destruction of the six kingdoms. 2. Qin State Unify the World

The war of Qin to unify the six kingdoms was not only the last war of annexation of princes at the end of the Warring States Period, but also the earliest war of feudal unification in Chinese history

From BC. From 230 to 221 BC, it took the Qin State 10 years to successively destroy the six countries of Yan and Zhao in the north, Han and Wei in the Central Plains, Qi in the east, and Chu in the south, ending the long period of war since the Spring and Autumn Period. After more than 500 years of war and chaos among feudal lords, the first centralized and unified country in Chinese history was established. The situation before Qin unified the six kingdoms. After the long-term mergers and wars in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Chinese society gradually developed towards the trend of national unification. .

By 246 BC, the first year of Qin Shihuang’s accession to the throne, with the beginning of the war to unify the six kingdoms, the first powerful and unified feudal empire in the history of our country, the Qin State, It was about to be born in the light of swords. The decline of the six countries and the prosperity of Qi became an irreversible trend.

However, in the early years of Qin Shihuang, the power of Qi was passed to King Qi. The hegemony established during the Wei Dynasty has long become a relic of history, and Qi has become a false name for a powerful country in the East.

It is politically backward, has slow economic development, has no good ministers and good generals, and has no military ambition to fight. Facing the war that the powerful Qin was about to launch to destroy the six kingdoms, Han was originally the weakest of the three Jins.

By the time King Han Huanhui arrived, Han had already surrendered to Qin. In the early years of Qin Shihuang, the territory of Korea was even smaller, leaving only the capital Yangzhai and more than 10 small and medium-sized cities around it. It was basically a country in name only.

Although Wei also experienced the Warring States Period. In its early and most powerful period, it occupied vast areas of Hedong, Hexi, Hanoi, and outside Hebei. The territory was crisscrossed by mountains and rivers, and the situation was dangerous. However, because it blocked Qindong's throat from Hangu, it was Qin's main opponent for many years. , especially since King Hui of Wei, he has been continuously defeated by Qin, and his territory has been shrinking. It was to unite all the vassal states to fight against Qin and achieve a great victory outside the river, which greatly enhanced the prestige of Wei. They should have taken advantage of the victory to restore Wei's territory. However, King Anli was stupid and incompetent. Instead of taking the opportunity to restore the country, he listened to Qin's discord. Instigating and deposing Lord Xinling, Zhao lost a precious opportunity to make a comeback. Zhao was located in the north of the Central Plains, with a radius of 2,000 miles.

During the reign of King Wuling of Zhao, he advocated Hufu riding and shooting, and revolutionized politics. , the country became rich and powerful, and the country's power was boosted. Zhao resisted the Huns in the north and resisted Qin in the south, becoming the only country that could compete with Qin.

However, after the death of King Wuling of Zhao, Zhao was repeatedly attacked by Qin soldiers. During the attack, the country's good generals Lian Po and Li Mu were not appointed, but they listened to the slanderous words and had them deposed. King Zhao's mediocrity and incompetence made Zhao finally defeated by Qin. Yan was still a very weak country in the early Spring and Autumn Period. By the time of King Zhao of Yan, he worked hard to govern, expanded his territory, and became increasingly powerful. He once reached Liaodong in the north, Shanggu in the west, and bordered Qi and Zhao in the south.

When King Xi of Yan came to power, he not only failed to make amends with his neighbors Zhao and Qi, but also often launched melee wars, wasting people and money, and depleting national power. It became a weak country among the six countries that was slightly stronger than Han. Chu has never lost its status as a great southern country from the Spring and Autumn Period to the Warring States Period. It has a territory of 5,000 miles, a million armors, a vast territory and abundant resources, and has grown millet for 10 years. It is a powerful country among the vassal states.

However, after Qin general Baiqi captured the capital of Chu, the power of the Chu state was greatly weakened, and the capital was forced to move to Chen, and later to Juyang and Shouchun. The capital was forced to move many times, which greatly dampened the morale of the people of Chu.

Before and after King Kaolie of Chu came to power, the state of Chu actually had the reputation of being a strong Chu state and was far from being able to compete with Qin. Qin is located in the western border. It was originally a small Rongdi country in the Guanzhong area. During the Spring and Autumn Period, it was far behind the other vassal states in the Central Plains.

However, since Qin Xiaogong made great efforts to govern, he appointed Shang Yang to reform, abolished the old slave-owner aristocratic privileges and the Shiqing Shilu system, and gradually established a centralized feudal ruling regime. Internally, they implemented "rewarding military merits and teaching farming wars", while externally, they fought against the princes.

Sima Cuo merged with Hanzhong and Bashu in the south, and destroyed Yiqu and Longxi in the north. The vast areas of Bashu were successively owned by Qin. Hou Baiqi led his army to conquer Ying, the capital of Chu, defeated the Zhao and Wei coalition forces in Huayang, and annihilated the Zhao army in Changping. Almost all the rivers and mountains in the Central Plains were under the control of Qin.

Qin’s basic strategies and tactics to destroy the six kingdoms. In 238 BC, the Qin royal government eradicated the clique of Prime Minister Lu Buwei and Changxin Hou Lao Ai, began to rule personally, and carefully planned the war to unify the six kingdoms. Li Si, Wei Liao and others assisted the King of Qin in formulating a strategy to unify the country.

Qin's strategy to destroy the six kingdoms has two contents. One is to take advantage of the melee among the six kingdoms to "destroy the princes, become an emperor, and unify the world." The King of Qin adopted Wei Liao's strategy of breaking up the alliance of the six kingdoms, "not caring about property, bribing its powerful ministers to disrupt its plans", and dividing and disintegrating the enemy country from within.

The second is to inherit the policy of distant diplomacy and close attack in previous dynasties, and determine the specific strategic steps of first being weak and then strong, first being close and then being far away. Li Si suggested that Qin Wangzheng attack Han and Zhao first, "If Zhao is lifted up, Han will perish, and if Han perishes, Jing and Wei will be killed." If Jing and Wei are unable to be independent, they will destroy Han in one fell swoop, trap Wei, uproot Jing, and weaken Qi and Yan in the east." This strategic step can be summarized into three steps, namely, win over Yan Qi, stabilize Chu and Wei, eliminate Han and Zhao, and then defeat each one to unify the country.

Under the guidance of this strategic approach, a war of unification began. In the war to annex Han and destroy Zhao, before Qin launched the attack on Zhao, he followed the plan of Li Si and Wei Liao and used spies to provoke a war between Yan and Zhao. When the war between Yan and Zhao started, Qin used an excuse to aid Yan to fight against Zhao and began Attack Zhao.

The Qin army attacked Zhao from the west, northwest, and south, but focused its attack on the southern part of Zhao State to trap the Zhao army in the dilemma of fighting on two sides and being attacked from both sides. In the winter of the eleventh year of the First Emperor of Qin, when the two countries Yan and Zhao were at war, Qin sent Wang Jian and led his army to attack the strategically important location of Yanyu in the Taihang Mountains. This strategic location that had long been coveted by the Qin State was wiped out by Qin in one fell swoop, thus opening up the path from the west to the west. Facing the passage to attack Handan.

Qin Yangrui and his army attacked Hanyang (to the north of Yan and Yu) and successfully captured it, so that the northwest direction of Handan lost its barrier. Qin Huanlu's army set out from Nanyang and captured Anyang, which belonged to Yeyi.

At this point, the Qin army has advanced to the south of Handan, and is only separated from Handan, the capital of Zhao, by the Zhang River and a few cities. Although there were 300,000 Qin troops in each group, they were blocked after capturing the above-mentioned areas due to the tenacious resistance of Zhao's 200,000 troops.

Later, after continuous battles, Qin Shi Huang originally attacked Zhao from the north and south. 3. Translation of the ancient text "Unification of the World" in the early Qin Dynasty

When the Qin State unified the world, it ordered the prime minister and censor to say: "In the past, the king of Han handed over the land and offered his seal, and asked to be a minister guarding the border. Soon he broke the oath and withdrew from the country. Zhao and Wei jointly rebelled against Qin, so they sent troops to attack them and captured the king of Korea. I thought this was good, because this might stop the war. King Zhao sent his prime minister Li Mu to make an alliance, so he returned it. They pledged their pledge here. Soon they broke the covenant and rebelled against us in Taiyuan, so they sent troops to attack them and captured the king of Zhao. Prince Jia actually made himself king, so he sent troops to destroy Zhao. . The King of Wei initially agreed to surrender to Qin, but soon he conspired with South Korea and Zhao to attack Qin. Qin's officers and soldiers went to attack them and finally defeated them. King Chu gave up the territory west of Qingyang, but soon broke his oath. He attacked our Nanjun, so he sent troops to attack, captured the king of Chu, and finally pacified Chu. King Yan was confused, and his prince Dan secretly sent Jing Ke as an assassin. The officers and soldiers of Qin went to attack and destroyed him. The king of Qi adopted the strategy of winning later and continued to communicate with Qin's envoys. He wanted to cause chaos. The officers and soldiers of Qi went to attack and captured the king of Qi. I relied on this small force to pacify Qi. I raised armies to suppress the riots, relying on the gods of my ancestors. The kings of the six countries were punished for their crimes, and the world was peaceful. Now if I don't change my name, I won't be able to show off my achievements and pass them on to future generations. Please discuss the emperor's title."

Prime Minister Wang Wan (wǎn, bowl), Yushi Feng Jie, Tingwei Li Si and others all said: "In the past, the lands of the five emperors were thousands of miles apart, and there were also marquises outside. In areas such as Fu, Yifu and other areas, the princes have some court meetings and some do not, and the emperor cannot control them. Now you raise up the righteous army to attack the remnants of the rebels in the four directions, pacify the world, set up counties and counties throughout the country, and unify the laws. This It has never been seen before, and it cannot be compared with the five emperors. We respectfully discussed with the doctors: "In ancient times, there were emperors of heaven, emperors of earth, and emperors of Thailand. The emperor of Thailand was the most noble." We, the ministers, risked death to offer the title of king. For the 'Emperor of Thailand'.

Issuing a teaching order is called "making a book", issuing an order is called an "edict", and the emperor calls himself "I". The King of Qin said: "Remove the word 'Tai', leave the word 'Huang', use the ancient title of 'Emperor', and call it 'Emperor', and the rest will be done as you discussed." So he ordered: "Okay." Pursuing King Zhuang Xiang as the Supreme Emperor. He also ordered: "I heard that in ancient times, there were titles but no posthumous titles. In the Middle Ages, there were titles. After death, a posthumous title was given based on the deeds of one's life. If this is done, the son will talk about his father and the ministers will talk about the monarch. It is very meaningless. I will not take it. This practice. From now on, the posthumous title will be abolished. I will be called the First Emperor, and my descendants will be called the second, third, and eternal generations forever." 4. How did the Qin State unify the world? p>

In 238 BC, the King of Qin eradicated Lao Ai, dismissed Lu Buwei, and began to take charge of the country.

At that time, he listened to the advice of the Qin nobles and issued the "Expulsion Order" to expel diners from the six countries, but was dissuaded by Li Si's "Admonishment and Expulsion Book". After that, the King of Qin recruited talents, worked hard to govern, and actively prepared to unify the world.

There are many talents under his command, including civil servants such as Wei Liao and Li Si, generals such as Wang Jian, Wang Ben and his son, Ying Cheng, Meng Wu, Nei Shiteng and Meng Tian, ??as well as Yao who is good at espionage activities. Jia Hedun was weak. Before King Qin took charge of the country, he adopted the advice of South Korea's Zheng Guo to build the Zheng Guo Canal.

"Historical Records" records: The Zhengguo Canal is more than 250 miles long and irrigates more than 2.8 million acres of farmland. It was another large-scale water conservancy project of the Qin State after Dujiangyan, and Guanzhong became a fertile land.

At this point, the three major granaries of the Qin State - Bashu, Hanzhong and Guanzhong were all completed. In the year when Zheng Guo Canal was completed, Qin Wangzheng mobilized an all-out war to unify China - the Qin War to Destroy the Six Kingdoms.

From 230 BC to 229 BC, the Qin Dynasty adopted the strategy of establishing distant relations and attacking close quarters, and dividing and alienating. After Qin mobilized to destroy the Six Kingdoms, Qin destroyed Han in the 17th year of the Qin Dynasty (230 BC), Zhao in the 19th year (228 BC), Wei in the 22nd year (225 BC), and Wei in the 24th year (223 BC). Chu was destroyed, Yan was destroyed in 25 years (222 BC), and Qi was destroyed in 26 years (221 BC).

The specific process is as follows: The first to be destroyed was South Korea. In 233 BC, South Korea ceded territory and became vassal, but it failed to save its fate of defeat. Three years later, in 230 BC (the 17th year of the Qin Dynasty), the Qin State captured the King of Han, Korea was destroyed, and the territory of South Korea became the Yingchuan County of the Qin State.

Starting from 234 BC, Qin attacked Zhao many times, but was blocked by Zhao's famous general Li Mu. In 229 BC (the 18th year of the Qin Dynasty), the Qin State used an anti-indirect strategy to execute Li Mu with the help of King Zhao.

Three months later, the Zhao army was defeated by the Qin army. The following year, Zhao Wangqian was captured and the Zhao Kingdom was destroyed.

Zhao Gongzijia fled to Daijun (now Yuxian County, Hebei Province), claimed to be the king of Dai, and united with the leaders of Yan and Wei to fight against Qin. In 227 BC, Prince Dan of Yan sent Jing Ke to assassinate King Qin but failed.

In 225 BC (the 22nd year of the Qin Dynasty), the capital of the Wei State was captured by the Qin army and the Wei State was destroyed. In 224 BC, Qin veterans Wang Jian and Meng Wu led troops to attack Yan, defeated the Yan coalition forces west of Yishui, and captured Jicheng, the capital of Yan. King Yan killed Prince Dan to seek peace and retreated to Liaodong.

In 222 BC (the 25th year of the Qin Dynasty), King Xi of Yan was captured and the Yan Kingdom was completely wiped out. In the same year, King Dai was captured and the Zhao Kingdom was completely destroyed.

In 225 BC, Qin generals Li Xin and Meng Wu led an army of 200,000 to attack Chu. They were defeated by Chu general Xiang Yan, and the Qin army was almost completely destroyed. In 224 BC, the King of Qin sent veteran general Wang Jian to the expedition again, and followed his advice. He sent 600,000 heavy troops to defeat the Chu army and captured Shouchun, the capital of the Chu state. The King of Chu was captured.

The following year (the twenty-fourth year of the Qin Dynasty), Wang Jian completely wiped out the remnants of Xiang Yan, and the Chu Kingdom was destroyed. When Qin used troops against the other five countries, Qi not only stood by and stood by, but also formed an alliance with Qin without making any preparations for war.

By the time 221 BC, the remaining five kingdoms had been destroyed, Qi sent troops to prepare to resist Qin and break off diplomatic relations with Qin, but it was too late. In 221 BC (the 26th year of the Qin Dynasty), Qin's general Wang Bi led his troops southward after destroying Yan. Qi Wangjian obeyed the Qin envoy and surrendered without fighting, and Qi was destroyed.

After ten years, the Qin Dynasty wiped out the six countries and basically unified China. It ended the long-term separation and disputes among the princes for more than 500 years since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and finally established the first unified country in Chinese history on the land of China. , a multi-ethnic, centralized monarchy ruled the country - the Qin Empire. In the seventeenth year of the Qin Dynasty (230 BC), South Korea's surrender general Nei Shiteng led the Qin army to annex South Korea, captured Han Wangan, and Han died.

The acquired Korean land was placed in Yingchuan County. In the 19th year of the Qin Dynasty (228 BC), Wang Jian of the Qin army invaded Handan, the capital of Zhao State. King Zhao moved to surrender to Qin in 111ttt, and Zhao was defeated.

Handan County, Julu County and Taiyuan County were established. Prince Jia led hundreds of clan members to flee to Dai City.

In the 20th year of the Qin Dynasty (227 BC), Prince Dan of Yan sent Jing Ke to assassinate the King of Qin but failed. The King of Qin immediately sent Wang Jian to lead troops to attack Yan. In the 21st year of the Qin Dynasty (226 BC), Wang Jian attacked Ji, the capital of Yan. King Yan Xi retreated to Liaodong and killed Prince Dan to seek peace.

In the 22nd year of the Qin Dynasty (225 BC), the Qin army Wang Ben led an army of 100,000 to attack Wei, surrounded Daliang, the capital of Wei, and diverted water from the Yellow River to flood Daliang. Three months later, Daliang City was destroyed. , the king of Wei pretended to surrender and merged with Wei. In the same year, Wang Jian led an army of 600,000 to attack the Chu State. He stationed his troops to practice martial arts, fortified the wall without fighting, and waited for work.

In the 23rd year of the Qin Dynasty (224 BC), Wang Jian led an army of 600,000 across the Huai River and besieged Shouchun, the capital of Chu State. In the twenty-fourth year of the Qin Dynasty (223 BC), the Chu army was demoralized and lacked food and grass, so they withdrew from the front line.

Wang Jian took the opportunity to pursue, destroyed the main force of the Chu army, occupied Shouchun, the capital of Chu, and captured the Chu king to bear the cud. The Chu people restored Changping Jun as king. Wang Jian then led his army across the Yangtze River, captured Yue territory, established Kuaiji County, and merged with Chu.

In the twenty-fifth year of the Qin Dynasty (222 BC), Wang Ben captured Liaodong and captured Wang Xi of Yan; then he captured Dai City and captured Dai Wang Jia. Yan and Zhao were completely annexed, and Qin Shihuang established Yanmen County in Dai.

In the twenty-sixth year of King Qin's reign (221 BC), Wang Ben led his army south to attack Qi. King Jian of Qi surrendered without a fight and merged with Qi. At this point, Qin merged with the six kingdoms.

Qin has completed its unification, except that the Wei State, which was a vassal of Qin, finally perished in the first year of Qin II (209 BC). 5. Qin used people from other countries, classical Chinese translation

When the seven countries competed for hegemony, each of them recruited talents from all over the world. However, the prime ministers used by the other six countries are still the descendants of their own clans or their own people. For example, Qi uses Tian Ji, Tian Ying, and Tian Wen as prime ministers, Korea uses Gongzhong and Gongshu as prime ministers, and Zhao uses Fengyang and Pingyuan Jun as prime ministers. As the prime minister, the King of Wei went to the extreme and used his own prince as the prime minister.

But only the Qin State was different. The first person in the Qin State to participate in state affairs in order to strive for hegemony was Gongsun Yang, a member of the Wei State. Other prime ministers appointed by the Qin State, such as Lou Xu, were from the Zhao State, Zhang Yi, Wei Ran, and Fan Ju were all from the Wei State, Cai Ze was from the Yan State, Lu Buwei was from South Korea, and Li Si was from the Chu State. But the whole country of Qin obeyed the orders of these people and never doubted their loyalty. Therefore, it was the power of these people that finally unified the world.

King Yan Zhao appointed Guo Wei, Ju Xin, and Le Yi, and almost destroyed the powerful Qi State, and Ju Xin and Le Yi were both from Zhao. King Chu Mourning appointed Wu Qi as his prime minister. All the princes and countries felt that Chu had become stronger and were afraid. But what about Wu Qi? He is from Weiguo. 6. I am looking for some classical Chinese articles about the First Emperor of Qin (i.e. King Yingzheng of Qin). If you can read it, please help.

The original words in "Historical Records: The Chronicles of the First Emperor of Qin":

The First Emperor of Qin was Prince Zhuangxiang of Qin. King Zhuang Xiang was the hostage of Qin in Zhao. When he saw Concubine Lu Buwei, he took her and gave birth to the first emperor. King Zhao of Qin was born in Handan in the first month of the forty-eighth year. When he was born, his name was Zheng and his surname was Zhao. When he was thirteen years old, King Zhuang Xiang died, and Zheng Dai was made King of Qin.

At that time, Qin had merged with Ba, Shu, and Hanzhong, and there was Ying in Yuewan, and Nanjun was established; to the east of Shangjun in the north, there were Hedong, Taiyuan, and Shangdang counties; in the east to Xingyang, After two weeks of destruction, Sanchuan County was established.

Lu Buwei was appointed prime minister, granted a title of 100,000 households, and was named Marquis Wenxin. Inviting guests and tourists, hoping to unite the world. Li Si is a sacrificer. Meng Ao, Wang Jue, Hegong and others were the generals. When the king was young, he first came to the throne and was appointed minister of state.

Translation:

The First Emperor of Qin was the son of King Zhuang Xiang of the State of Qin. King Zhuang Xiang once lived in Handan City of Zhao State as the grandson of King Zhao of Qin. He saw Lu Buwei's concubine there and fell in love with her very much, so he married her and gave birth to the First Emperor. Qin Shihuang was born in Handan in the forty-eighth year of King Qin Zhao (259 BC). After birth, he was named Zheng and his surname was Zhao. When he was thirteen years old, King Zhuang Xiang died, and Zheng succeeded to the throne and became King of Qin.

At this time, Qin's territory had annexed Bajun, Shujun and Hanzhong, crossed Wanxian County to occupy Chu's Yingdu, and established Nanjun; it took the east of Shangjun to the north and occupied He went to Hedong, Taiyuan and Shangdang counties; went east to Xingyang, destroyed the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, and established Sanchuan County.

Lu Buwei was the Prime Minister of the country and was granted a title of 100,000 households. His title was Marquis Wenxin. He solicited guests and tourists, hoping to annex the world. Li Si is a sacrificer. Meng Ao, Wang Jue, Hegong and others were the generals. The King of Qin was young and had just ascended the throne, so he entrusted state affairs to his ministers.

"The Chronicles of Qin Shihuang" comes from Volume 6 of "Historical Records", and the author is Sima Qian of the Western Han Dynasty.

Extended information

"The Chronicles of Qin Shihuang" records the main activities and major events in the lives of Qin Shihuang and Qin II in the form of chronology, with clear organization and rich content. , truly reflects the changing historical scenes in the forty years before and after the establishment of the Qin Dynasty.

This chronicle focuses on the activities of Qin Shihuang and Qin II, and is narrated year by year. It is simple and complex, and summary and heavy writing alternate. Reading the whole article not only gives people the original picture of history, but also gives people the original picture of history. It can make people feel that everything is a historical necessity, and the images of two generations of emperors are vividly presented before their eyes.

Writing about the First Emperor of Qin, he first briefly recounts the process of how he mobilized his troops and generals, took advantage of the victory to attack, and annexed the six countries based on the major victories achieved by the previous dynasties. Interspersed with the description of the crushing of the Lao Ai Lu Buwei Group , Li Si wrote a letter to admonish the guest, Wei Liao offered a plan, Jing Ke assassinated and other incidents.

Then he narrates his words, deeds and events after unifying the world. On the one hand, he lists such things as discussing the emperor's title, changing the calendar and clothing, dividing the world into thirty-six counties, unifying laws, unifying weights, measures and writing, Patrolling to carve stones, taking Luliang land from the south, attacking the Xiongnu from the north, building the Great Wall, a big debate in Xianyang Palace about learning from the past and learning from the present, burning books and harassing Confucians, etc.

On the other hand, it is listed that Qin Shihuang spent huge sums of money to send people into the sea to seek immortality, carry out large-scale construction projects to build Afang Palace and Lishan Mausoleum, kill innocent people at will, etc.