1. Understand the content, feel the center, and try to understand the words.

2. Learn and use the correct reading method to read the text.

3. Contact the reality of life and talk about your feelings about life.

Intensive teaching of basic knowledge

I. Background information

1. About the author

Xing Linzi, whose real name is Xia Liu, is a female writer in Fufeng, Shaanxi. She was born in 1942 and graduated from Beitou Primary School. She got rheumatoid arthritis when she was 12 years old. Later, her condition worsened and all her joints were damaged. She endured the illness and persisted in writing. She has written more than forty plays and many essays. Among them, Rain in Xinglin, Scenery and Earth, Various Feelings, Finding the Coordinates of Life and other works encourage the discouraged and make the timid bravely walk on the road of life. Xia Liu was elected as 1980 top ten outstanding young women. 1982 Eden Disability Welfare Foundation was established to serve one million disabled friends in Taiwan Province Province and contribute love to the society.

2. Introduction to the work

Life is selected from Selected Works of Xing Linzi (Hong Kong Xuandao Publishing House, 1986 edition). Subtle changes. The author has realized a profound truth from what ordinary people think of as ordinary things. And contact their own life experience, strongly shouting "life life".

Second, text analysis

1. Write carefully

The full text has only five short natural paragraphs, and the length is not long. The author describes ordinary things in vivid and plain language, from which he realizes the profound truth of life. The first three paragraphs of this paper describe three common things, namely, moths survive, melon seeds struggle, and listening to the heartbeat. The last two paragraphs are naturally the author's reflection on life caused by his own life experience. This article is written in depth, and the thinking caused by things and people is gradually deepening.

The following is a brief explanation of the examples and ideas in this paper:

Example: thinking

Moth: the desire of life and the meaning of life

Sweet Melon Seeds: Vitality, Value of Life

Heartbeat: cherish and struggle in life.

Step 2 focus on the essence

What does moth mean at the beginning? There are two understandings: one is that it does not harm life, and the other is that all living things have a strong desire to survive. From the full text, it is not how to treat small animals, but life itself, so the first understanding is wrong and the second understanding is right. The moth's life is facing a serious threat, and it struggles hard. In fact, this kind of struggle is almost useless. If I want to kill it, it can't escape. Although it is a useless struggle, we must fight. It can be seen that all living things have a strong desire to survive, and no matter how dangerous, they will not give up their efforts to survive. In other words, life loves itself. Small insects are like this, let alone people.

The example of melon seedlings, from the perspective of the birth of life, is a powerful vitality. The environment in which this sweet melon seed lives has almost no growth conditions. There is no sunshine and soil in the cracks of the brick in the corner. Its germination needs to "break out of the shell", but it still germinates and grows into a small melon seedling. The author couldn't help singing an ode to life for it.

The beating of the heart is a sign of life activities. Listening to your heartbeat is the easiest way to feel life. With a sense of life, you will seriously think about life. The author's thinking has three points, which are gradually deepening.

The first thing to think about is that you must be responsible for yourself and make good use of your life to make it more meaningful. Two "Yes … Yes" are two attitudes towards life and two values of life. The former is a responsible attitude, while the latter is an irresponsible attitude.

The second thought answers how to treat the shortness of life and how to treat birth, aging, illness and death. Some people are pessimistic and regard life as a dream, while others eat, drink and be merry in time because life is short. The attitude of being responsible for life should be "let the limited life play its infinite value and let us live more wonderfully".

The third point of thinking is to put goals and beliefs into action. "Never let it slip away from me in vain", that is to say, cherish life, cherish time and make unremitting efforts. Struggle for life, "living bravely" means overcoming all kinds of difficulties with tenacious will. The author has been troubled by diseases since he was a child. The so-called "brave living" is specifically a tenacious struggle with diseases.

It seems contradictory to say that the small melon seedlings "thrive and stand tall" and "only lived for a few days", but it is not contradictory. Observing the small melon seedlings in the cracks in the corner bricks, you will know that this is not contradictory. The growth of small melon seedlings, originally relying on the nutrition of melon seeds, really thrives and stands tall. However, it grows in the cracks of bricks without sunlight and soil. Once the nutrition of sweet melon seeds is exhausted, there is no new nutrition absorption, and they live for a few days and die.

Step 3 elaborate on the difficulties

Appreciate the use of good words in the article and compare and analyze why they are used well: for example, in the case of "melon seeds fighting", "unexpectedly (unexpectedly) a small melon seedling appeared." What kind of power does that little seed contain, so that it can break through the hard shell and rise indomitable (tenaciously) in the cracks of bricks without sunshine and soil, grow sturdily and stand proudly. It only lived for a few days, but I am in awe of its vitality. "Can you change the words in brackets? Why? In order to taste the role of words in expressing feelings. Students discuss and speak, and the teacher concludes: "Unexpectedly" only represents an accident, and "Unexpectedly" also contains another unexpected admiration (because it is a harsh environment without sunshine and soil); " "Stubborn" is just a character, "unyielding" is not only a character, but also a character, an upward character who is not afraid of difficulties and tenacious survival; Respect is a kind of respect from the bottom of my heart.

On life, the famous Soviet writer ostrovsky once said: "Life is the most precious thing for people. Life is only once for everyone. How should this only life be spent? Whenever I recall the past, I can not regret wasting my time and not be ashamed of being mediocre; On his deathbed, he can say, "My life and all my energy have been devoted to the most magnificent cause in the world-the struggle for human liberation". Ostrovsky fulfilled his promise with his young life, and gave firm answers on how to look at the shortness of life, how to make good use of life, how to make life more meaningful, how to cherish life and how to make unremitting efforts. Our Lei Feng also wrote an ode with his young life to make life more meaningful.

Please talk about your feelings. What do you know about life in your daily life and study? How should we live? Do you have different views on life or life?

Learning method guidance

To learn this text, we must first perceive the content of the text as a whole and feel the center. In the process of repeated reading, clear the text barrier. On this basis, learn to appreciate wonderful sentences and try to figure out words. Then, in the process of reflection, I will talk about my feelings about life in combination with what I have learned and the reality of life.

Knowledge expansion

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The article can end, but the long river of life is endless. Bing Xin said: "The universe is a big life. Rivers flow into the sea, and fallen leaves return to their roots. We are a breath in the universe, and we are a part of big life. Not every river can flow into the sea, and not every seed can mature and germinate. Life is not always happy, nor is it always painful. Happiness and pain complement each other. In happiness, we should be grateful for life. In pain, we should also thank life, because happiness, excitement and pain are not beautiful? "

Bing Xin's words reveal the meaning and essence of life. I hope every student will cherish life, cherish time and make life more meaningful.

2. Xinglinzi talks to you about writing.

Like a sword, the nib is sharpened. Therefore, if you really want to be a writer, the first thing you should do is to write more, not when you are inspired, but to develop the habit of writing, and it is best to write for a period of time every day. But what should I write? How to express it? This involves the theme, writing skills and the structure of the article. Now try to share some experiences with you from these three aspects:

1. Theme of the work

Different types of works, whether novels, essays, plays or even a poem, have their central idea, that is, the theme. This theme reflects the author's outlook on life and world; In other words, the author's views on people and things directly affect the theme he wants to express in his article.

For example, articles written by an optimistic person must be lively, lively and energetic; But a sentimental person will cry when he sees the fallen flowers and feel sad when he sees the moon. His emotions and moods are all revealed in his works. Therefore, the author can only write positive and meaningful articles if he has a healthy and correct outlook on life.

On the other hand, the theme should be hidden in the skills of the article, not in the form of preaching. Authors can convey information through the experience of characters or the development of things. For example, our Eden Disabled Welfare Foundation once took many disabled children on a trip to the central part of Taiwan Province Province, and they came to a very sloping hillside, and the children had to climb it. Counselors and teachers around me are very nervous, afraid of falling down; Later, a child really fell, scaring everyone to rush, some pulling him, some helping him, and some comforting him; However, when the child got up, he looked around and said, "fortunately, my watch is not broken." Doesn't this show the courage and optimism of children? We don't need to describe him positively. Through this plot, we left a deep impression on the readers.

The most common mistake that beginners make is that they are too eager to pour out what is in their hearts, for fear that readers will not understand it and weaken the appeal of the article.

There are also many people who think a novel or story needs twists and turns to attract readers. But a real literary work must go beyond this procedure. As a literary and art worker, the most important responsibility and mission is to reflect the society and show humanity. From ancient times to the present, all articles can't escape from birth, illness, death, joys and sorrows, and love and hate. Let's look at China's classical novels and plays. There is a pattern, that is, talented people and beautiful women meet each other, and then the mandarin ducks are exhausted, and the men go to Beijing to catch the exam, and the women wait hard until the men win the first prize in high school, and then they have a happy ending. This theme reflects that China is a suffering nation. People in all dynasties have experienced the hardships of drift from place to place and have no long-term stability. Therefore, what China people want most is reunion-the reunion of relatives and family members. During the May 4th Movement, China literature used the theories and techniques of western novels for reference, and its theme was broadened a lot.

Finally, it should be noted that the content of the article must be reasonable, and it can't be guessed or fabricated out of thin air, which will be out of touch with life and make readers laugh and cry.

2. Character description

There are many ways to describe characters:

① control method

For example, there are two characters in the story we are going to write, one is in good order and the other is in a mess. Then, when we describe their room, we can compare two completely different environments. For example, one is that the books are neatly arranged, the quilt is folded and covered, and the room is spotless; In another room, clothes and socks are piled on the bed, and books and magazines are scattered in the room. From these contrasting descriptions, two different personalities are portrayed.

② Foil method

When we describe a girl as beautiful, it goes without saying that her eyebrows are like a willow moon, her eyes are like apricots, and her mouth is like a cherry ... This writing style is out of date. We can describe a boy who saw a girl, stayed for a while, and then hit a light bulb; Wouldn't that better show off how beautiful that girl is? The beauty of Yuefu is described in the folk song "Shang Mo Sang" of Yuefu in the Han Dynasty: travelers must stay when they see Yuefu. When the teenager saw Luo Fu, he took off his hat and hung his head. The tiller forgets to plow, and the hoe forgets to hoe. In spite of resentment, he sat watching Luo Fu. None of them directly describe Luo Fu's beauty and charm, but set off her beauty through others' reactions.

③ Language style

When we write an old pedant, we can put "Zi Yue, Zi Yue" in his speech, or quote Confucius and Mencius, or like to use idioms and allusions. But if it's about a pimp in the lower class, his words don't need to be so literal, but straightforward and easy to understand. An impatient person, even words burst out; But a slow-witted person speaks much slower. These characteristics and personalities can be expressed through the dialogues of the characters.

Of course, there are many ways to describe characters, such as describing the environment or the unique hobbies of characters. It's really endless, here is just a glimpse. However, for the author, keen observation is very important. He must see what others can't see before he can describe it deeply and delicately. Of course, it takes a long time to train.

3. The structure of the article

The structure of the article is like a dress worn on a person, which sets off this person's body. But if this dress is too wide, it gives people the feeling of being burdensome; If it's too narrow, it won't fit at all. So it is very important. An article is composed of paragraphs, and each paragraph is connected by countless sentences. Words, sentences and paragraphs are closely related. This is the so-called structure. Writing a complete article is like building a house. First lay a good foundation, set up shelves on all sides, and then build walls and stick bricks.

There is a writer in Taiwan Province Province who likes to express his knowledge in his articles. For example, when he writes about a tree in the garden, he describes it clearly, such as deciduous tree, arbor, when it will bloom, what kind of soil it needs, etc., just like a plant expert crams a lot of unnecessary things into his article, which makes it loose and messy.

Many times, we have a lot of things in our minds that we want to write, but we don't know where to start. Then, like a tailor, cut out what you are most familiar with and feel, and then put them together properly. It's like a sketch. We can't move all the scenery in our eyes to drawing paper. We must make a choice: should I draw mountains or lakes? Which scenery is the main scene and which is the foil? Similarly, when writing, we can put two different things in the same theme together to make the article more profound; Those unnecessary branches must be abandoned.

(4) Conclusion

To write a good article, we should not only pay attention to the theme, skills and structure of the article, but also meet some conditions, the most important of which is rich feelings. If the author doesn't care about society, people around him and other people's experiences, how can he pour his feelings into his works? Therefore, if a work wants to have feelings, it must first touch the author.

In addition, the author must also be a reader, so as to absorb the strengths of others. But we should not only look at the works of a certain writer, because even if we all learn his skills, language and style, it is only the shadow of others; On the contrary, we should read more articles by various writers, cultivate our analytical ability, and know how to distinguish the advantages and disadvantages of articles in order to benefit from them. After reading the works carefully, we'd better write a review, write down our own experiences and feelings, and try to analyze the good and bad, which is also a kind of writing training. At the same time, you can extract some good sentences and even keep them in mind. When writing, we will naturally have rich vocabulary and fluent writing.

After the article is written, don't rush to publish it immediately. After the article cools down, you should objectively analyze how you wrote it and whether it is reasonable. Is this word appropriate? Is the structure tight? Is there anything that needs or can be improved? In the process of our writing, our blood is boiling and our thoughts are fluctuating, as if there are a thousand words to flow out; What is written down at this time may have caused organizational or rhetorical problems and you don't know it!

Finally, it is worth mentioning that as a writer, you must have the courage not to be afraid of rejecting the manuscript; Editors have the right to reject manuscripts, and so do we. As long as you keep writing and keep improving, your writing will be more polished and more profitable.

As a writer, it is more important to stick to your own principles and stand, not to be grandstanding, not to cater to the trend, and to be able to withstand loneliness and blows. With this courage and endurance, I have the basic conditions to become a writer.

(Excerpted from "Read with me-Selected Works of Scholars")

Classroom problem guidance

Read the full text first, focus on the last three paragraphs, and look at the author's thinking about life from three examples, and try to cite one or two examples from life based on these thoughts.

This topic requires practicing reading aloud, grasping the main meaning of the text, connecting with your own life experience and deepening your understanding. Examples should conform to the content of the text. For example, Lei Feng's example conforms to the second thought. Lei Feng only lived for 22 years, and his short life really played an infinite role. He really lived a wonderful life.

The author draws three kinds of thoughts on life from three cases. First, be responsible for life, make good use of life and make life more meaningful. Second, life is short, and it is unpredictable. However, we can make our limited life exert infinite value and make our life more exciting. Third, cherish life, cherish time, and live bravely regardless of fate.

Compare this text with the following articles on the same topic, which one do you prefer? Why?

Life, life

Karen Watson (United States)

One summer afternoon, I cut firewood on the mountain for several hours and finally decided to sit down and eat something. I sat on a log, took out a sandwich, stuffed with bread, and looked at the beautiful Shan Ye and the clear lake while eating.

If it weren't for a bee buzzing around me, my carefree mood wouldn't be disturbed. It's an ordinary bee, but it will bore picnickers. Needless to say, I drove it away at once.

Bees are not afraid at all. It flew back soon and buzzed around me again. Well, I'm losing patience now. I patted it on the ground and stepped into the sand.

Soon, the pile of sand swelled up. I couldn't help but be taken aback. This little thing that I retaliated against appeared, shaking my wings stubbornly. I stood up without hesitation and stepped into the sand again.

I sat down to eat again. A few minutes later, I found that the pile of sand at my feet was moving again. An injured but not dead bee struggled to get out of the sand.

The reappearance of bees aroused my guilt. I bent down to see its wound. Its right wing is relatively complete, but its left wing is wrinkled like a piece of paper. However, it is still flapping its wings slowly up and down, as if to estimate its own injury. It also began to comb the sand-covered chest and abdomen.

Bees soon concentrated their struggle on the wrinkled left wing. It stretched out its legs and flapped its wings quickly. Every time it strokes, it flaps its wings a few times, as if to measure its flying ability. Oh, the poor little thing thinks he can still fly!

I put down my hand and knelt on the ground, clearly observing its doomed futile efforts. I looked at it carefully and thought, this bee is finished. As a pilot, I know the wings too well.

However, the bees ignored my judgment. It continued to tidy its wings and seemed to slowly regain its strength. Its flapping speed has increased, and its tulle-like wings, which are inflexible due to wrinkles, are now almost smooth.

The bees finally feel that they have recovered their strength and can try to fly. With a buzz, it flew up from the sand, but failed to fly three inches (inches: British and American units of length, 1 inch is 1 foot112, equal to 2.5400 cm). The little guy fell pitifully and struggled on the ground. However, the next step is to flap your wings more forcefully.

The bee flew again, this time six inches away, and finally hit a small mound. Obviously, this bee can take off, but it has not recovered its ability to control the direction. It's like a pilot groping for the characteristics of a strange plane, failing again and again, and trying to correct new mistakes after each fall.

The bees are flying again. This time it flew over several sand piles and went straight to a tree. It carefully avoided the tree, controlled the flight, and then slowly flew to the mirror-like lake, as if admiring its heroic spirit. When the bees disappeared, I found that I was still kneeling on the ground for a long time.

Compare reading this topic and cultivate appreciation ability. Watson's article is exactly the same as the first example cited in the article. In this paper, three examples lead to three thoughts, while Watson's article describes in detail how the injured bees struggle. Some students like articles that combine image description with rational thinking, and some students like articles with strong literary colors, so as to respect everyone's different hobbies. Asking a "what" answer and asking some reasons can cultivate the ability of appreciation.