Rosewood: produced in India, Philippines, Guangdong, Malay Peninsula and Thailand. It is a deciduous tree belonging to the family Xiaoqiao, sometimes evergreen. Its bark is gray-green, its trunk is curved, and its materials are very few. It is difficult to obtain long trees with large diameter, narrow sapwood, dense and hard material, sinking in water and bright red heartwood. Or after being exposed to the air for a long time, it is orange, purple and brown striped, with delicate and floating texture and endless changes, and it is also a precious medicinal material. Chairs and sofas made of it also have therapeutic effects, and are considered as the most valuable wood in China since ancient times. Narra, p.echinatus in the Philippines), padauk, p.dalbergoides in andaman islands), bloodwood p.angolensis in Africa, Draco and rosewood in Latin America, p.indicus China, and India.
2. Huanghua pear: also known as Dalbergia odorifera, the color ranges from light yellow to purple, the wood is solid, the pattern is beautiful and fragrant. The smell is overflowing when sawing. The material is very large, and some major cases are two or three feet long and more than two feet wide, so the face and heart can be undivided. It is the main material for studying furniture in the early Ming Dynasty.
3. Huali/Li Xinhua: It is produced in China, Fujian, Guangdong and Yunnan, and also imported in large quantities from Myanmar and Thailand. The color of yellow rosewood is thicker than that of huanghuali, and the lines are straight, slightly worse than that of huanghuali, and there is no pleasant fragrance. Sawdust is green when soaked in water. When hands are wet, it is easy to be infected and slightly toxic.
4. Chicken wing wood: also known as Qizimu, Railway Wood and Wen Ding Wood, it is produced in Southeast Asian countries such as Myanmar, Thailand, India and Viet Nam. Also divided into old and new. Old chicken wing wood has dense texture, purple and brown stripes, especially the slightly inclined longitudinal section, which gives people the feeling of gorgeous feathers, just like chicken wings. Compared with rosewood and rosewood, Taiwan Province rosewood has less output, and wood grain is unique, which is cherished by the world for its rare existence and beautiful charm. The wood of the new Pteris cristata is rough and purple-black, and the texture is often unclear, hard and has no tendency to rotate. Sometimes the wood is easy to crack and stubble. Wood is bright yellow when cut and turns brown or dark brown when exposed to air. Porous materials and small tubular pores contain black colloid, sediment or permeate. Although the wooden structure is thick, the cross-sectional pattern is beautiful. The three colors of black, white and purple in the pattern constitute Lu Hua's rooster feather. Wood is hard and difficult to process, and the price is higher than that of ordinary mahogany furniture. After the mid-Qing Dynasty, there were few old chicken wings for furniture, but red beans are still used in modern times.
5. Tielimu: also known as Tielimu, Shiyan, Tieleng and Tiechestnut. It is the highest and most valuable of several hardwoods. A tall evergreen tree with an upright trunk, up to ten feet high and a diameter of about ten feet, native to India. Li Tie is very much like the color of chicken wing wood. In fact, iron pear wood has rough texture and obvious mane eyes, which is not difficult to distinguish from Jiyi wood.
6. Ebony: also known as ebony, black horn, ebony, etc. It is produced in India, Indonesia, Thailand, Myanmar and other countries. The heartwood is black (pure black or slightly emerald green) and irregular black, the annual rings are not obvious, the hollow tube is very small, the wood is shiny, there is no special smell and taste, the structure is fine and uniform, the material is hard and heavy, oily, soaked in water, the color is black and brittle, it is thin like rosewood, and there are few large pieces.
7. Ebony: Indonesia origin. Shanghainese call it Lvmu. Its characteristics and wood properties are similar to ebony. Its texture is shallow and staggered. Its structure is thin, hard and heavy, and it feels greasy. It usually sinks into the water.
8. Redwood: At present, it is the most common hardwood, but it began to be widely used after the mid-Qing Dynasty. When Huang Huali and old maple became scarce, it was imported in large quantities. There is also the name of purple elm, which is called "acid branch" in Guangdong, while mahogany is a popular name in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and North China. Produced in India, Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia and other Southeast Asian countries, it is one of the precious tree species of Dalbergia. Its heartwood is orange, light reddish brown, reddish brown, purple brown to dark brown, uneven color, obvious dark stripes, hard and wear-resistant, and sinks in water. Redwood is also divided into old and new. Old redwood is similar to rosewood, but it is darker in luster, lighter in color, denser and lighter in texture, and has fragrance, but not as fragrant as huanghuali. This new kind of mahogany is reddish in color and patterned, sometimes resembling Huang Huali, and now it is imported in large quantities.
9. Gall wood: also known as shadow wood, shadow wood is not a specific tree species, but refers to the gall caused by tree illness, which is the result of wood proliferation. Its wood is knotty, shrinking into bird and beast patterns in the landscape, and some wood grains form small grape patterns and stems and leaves, which are called "full-frame grapes", which are very ornamental and are the best decorative materials. There are many kinds of eucalyptus, such as Huamu Gall, Nanmu Gall, Elm Gall, Zhangmu Gall, Huali and so on.
10. Zelkova schneideriana: Zelkova schneideriana has thick wood, beautiful color patterns and a long age. When the wood is red, it is specially named as Zelkova sinensis. Beijingers call beech wood Nanyu, and Nanyu furniture handed down from generation to generation is pure Ming style. The manufacturing method is the same as that of Huang Huali and Chicken Wingwood. Some of them have strong folk flavor and unique style, and their historical and artistic value should not be inferior to other precious wood. 1 1. nanmu: There are many kinds of nanmu, with elegant and even color, small elasticity, easy operation, durability and stability, and it is the best one among non-hardwood trees. In the Ming and early Qing dynasties, furniture was often used with several hardwoods in addition to nanmu. Another feature of Nanmu is that it has more galls than other trees except Hua Mu, so most of the galls used in furniture in the early Ming and Qing dynasties were Nanmu galls. It has been paid attention to since ancient times and recorded frequently. It was once called "Dice White South", "Door White South" and "Door Half South", and it was described as "full of grapes" because of its exquisite and gorgeous patterns. Most of these nanmu galls were dissected from the roots of Nanmu in western Sichuan. There are three kinds of nanmu: one is Xiangnan, which is purplish, fragrant and beautiful in texture; Second, Jin Sinan with gold thread in the wood grain is the best nanmu. What is even more rare is that some nanmu materials form natural landscape graphics. Third, nanmu wood is soft and often used to make furniture.
12. Birch: Betula davurica, six feet tall, produced in Hebei, Liaoning, Jilin and other places, with light brown wood and dense and shiny texture, which is rougher than other tree species; Birch, another name of Castanopsis eyrei, is a small tree, which is produced in Hebei, Henan, Liaoning and other places. Wood is white at first, then reddish brown, shiny, solid and dense, which is the crown of wood in northern China, commonly known as south rosewood and north Castanopsis eyrei. Birch has a rotating pattern, and the board is also large, slightly heavier and harder, easy to process and smooth in section, which is suitable for carving and making all kinds of furniture.
13. Buxus microphylla: also known as Buxus microphylla, an evergreen shrub or small tree, produced in Central China, with light yellow wood, light green wood with stripes in old age, extremely dense quality, not easy to split, slow growth and no big trees. Usually used to make wooden combs and engravings, and also used as mosaic materials for furniture. In the Ming and early Qing dynasties, furniture was used to combine with hardwood to make parts such as bricks and teeth, or to make mosaic patterns.
14. Thuja orientalis: The wood is yellow, heavy, thin, uniform in texture, similar to boxwood, tough and dense, fragrant, and can be used as carving and stationery materials, which is not easy to break and has a long shelf life. It can be used as decorative plates and civil engineering materials.
15. Cinnamomum camphora: evergreen tree, tens of feet to more than ten feet high, with a diameter of one foot and a half. Its bark is yellowish brown, its heartwood is reddish brown, and its sapwood is grayish brown, with fine texture and exquisite patterns, which can be used for carving. It is produced in the southeast coastal provinces of China, especially Fujian and Taiwan Province provinces, Jiangxi, Hunan and Jiangxi. Wood is fragrant and can avoid pests. For a long time, it was used as a box, box, cabinet, cupboard, or hardwood. Its value is lower than nanmu.
16. Oak wood: It is produced in Liaodong, China, and there are many in Korea, so the old craftsmen in Beijing used to call it "Korean wood". The wood is tough, and there are dark stripes with a length of 1-2 cm in the light texture.
17, dark wood, immersed in water for a long time or isolated from oxygen in the soil. Very rare.