So, how big is this huge kiln system, including which kilns?
In order to facilitate the collection and research of Tibetan friends who like blue-and-white porcelain, the information of kiln sites where blue-and-white glazed porcelain is fired in various places is summarized as follows:
First, Jiangxi
Jingdezhen kiln: the kiln mouth with the best product quality in the celadon kiln system. At present, it is found that the kilns for firing celadon in the Song Dynasty are Hutian, Hu Xiang, Shinan Street and Liujiawan, and the kilns for firing celadon and white porcelain in the Five Dynasties, such as Yangmeiting, Shihuwan and Huangnitou, were also changed to firing celadon in the Song Dynasty. There are plates, bowls, bottles, cans, cans, boxes, pillows, etc. Decoration includes carving, scoring, marking, marking, printing and other technologies; Decorative themes include flowers, flying phoenix, water ripples and so on. In the late Northern Song Dynasty, the firing method of the canopy of the northern Ding kiln was absorbed, and most round utensils such as bowls and plates were not glazed, forming a rough canopy.
Nanfeng Bai Sheyao: At present, it is found that the kiln was fired in the Song Dynasty, and the porcelain variety is celadon. The main types of porcelain are plates and bowls, as well as pots, lampholders, boxes, jars, jars, bottles and pillows. Decoration methods include carving, scribing, scribing, applique, etc. Most of them are carved patterns. The carved plum blossom pattern is a plum blossom opposite to a crescent moon, similar to the carved plum blossom pattern in Jizhou kiln painting. There is also a bowl in the kiln site, which is filled with blue and white glaze sauce, which is rare in other kiln mouths. The tone of Nanfengyao celadon is different from that of Jingdezhen products. The glaze color of Jingdezhen is blue, while that of Nanfeng kiln is white.
Jizhou Kiln: A famous folk porcelain kiln in Song Dynasty, located in the town. There are many kinds of burnt porcelain, among which black glazed porcelain is the most famous. The main types of blue-and-white glazed porcelain are bowls, Gao Zuwan, cans, washing machines, boxes, pillows, lamps, pots, triple boxes, and brown figurines riding dogs. Decorative techniques include printing and painting, and patterns include Feng Huangwen, flower pattern, willow bucket pattern and chrysanthemum petal pattern. The firing also draws lessons from the firing method of the northern Ding kiln.
Ganzhou Kiln: The kiln site is located in seven town. It was carved with blue-and-white porcelain in the Song Dynasty and fired with blue-and-white glaze in the Yuan Dynasty. It is found that Gao Zubei is the most common type of utensils, and the most distinctive one is the six-bucket cup, the body of which is painted with blue and white glaze, the outer plain tire is engraved with six-bucket patterns, and the neck is decorated with raised nipple patterns. There is the same six-bucket pattern jar in the porcelain from the sunken ship in Xin 'an, South Korea, which belongs to Ganzhou kiln products.
Second, Anhui.
Fanchang Kiln: The kiln site is located in Kejiachong. The types of blue and white porcelain are pots, boxes, bowls, plates, pillows, bottles and cans. Porcelain tires are thin, glazed and open.
Most of the utensils are plain wireless strips, and there are also a few carved and printed decorations.
In addition, there are celadon in Luochong Kiln in Fanchang and Yaotouling and Yao Feng Kilns in Jingxian County.
Third, Fujian.
Fuzhou Kiln: The kiln site for firing celadon is located in Xixiang Kiln around Beifeng, which is 0/5km away from Fuzhou/KLOC-. It was a kiln site in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and a large number of celadon were burned. The types of containers are injection, bowl, jar, bottle, bowl, lid and cylinder. There are two kinds of decorations: light elements and cross-cut gratings.
Tongan Kiln: Tongan Kiln is the producing area of Minnan export porcelain from Tang Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty. Three Song and Yuan kiln sites near Tingxi Reservoir mainly fired pearlescent celadon, and some celadon was also fired. There are bottles, cans, bowls, cups, cans, plates and so on. And the decoration is basically the same as celadon. Dishes and bowls have scratches or spots in the center, and there are many small round nests when cutting bowls. On the outside of bottles, cans and tubes, a group of oblique cross patterns composed of thin lines are carved, and patterns of flowers and fish are printed, which is more common in the plate.
Nan 'an Kiln: The Origin of Export Porcelain in Jinjiang Area from Tang Dynasty to Qing Dynasty. Dong Tian Kiln for firing blue and white glazes is 0/8km away from Nan 'an County/KLOC-. Most of the utensils are plates and bowls, with rolled leaves, lotus petals, grass flowers, daffodils and broken branches inside, and lotus petals with blue-and-white glazed bowls and grass-pattern washing outside. The shape of the box is melon-shaped, chrysanthemum petal-shaped and so on. The tires are thicker and the box is higher. In addition, there are bottles, jars and Gao Zubei.
Pucheng Kiln: A folk porcelain kiln from Tang Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty. Among them, Dakoucun kiln mainly burns celadon, including bowls, plates, boxes, cans, bowls and various pots. The glaze color is lake blue and gray blue, and the kiln body is mostly decorated with yang patterns. There are a large number of plastic bottles, some of which are decorated with brown pictures.
Xiamen Kiln: Minnan export porcelain was produced in the East Kiln area of Xiamen in the Song Dynasty, and the relics include blue glaze, blue-white glaze and black glaze. Blue and white glaze includes carved bowls and lined bottles.
Dehua kiln: one of the main producing areas of export porcelain in coastal areas from Song Dynasty to Qing Dynasty. At present, more than 80 ancient kiln sites/kloc-0 have been found, among which Wanpinglun kiln and Qudou palace kiln are the main kiln sites for firing celadon in Song Dynasty. Wanpinglun kiln fired blue glaze, blue-white glaze and objects similar to white glaze in Song Dynasty. Among them, blue and white glazes include bottles, pots, cans, tubes, plates, bowls, military supports, boxes and other types. There is a workshop specializing in making boxes, and the box cover is printed with positive patterns, with a variety of animal and plant themes 100. Carving flowers on bowls, plates, bottles and other utensils is also widely used. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Qudou Palace Kiln was mainly celadon, and its utensils included bowls, Gao Zuwan, plates, folding plates, bottles, cans, pots, boxes and military supports. Decoration includes printing and cross cutting. Printing is more common in plates, boxes and military supports, and cross-cutting is often used in bottles, bowls and other utensils.
Xianyou Kiln: The kiln site of the Song Dynasty discovered by China, which fired blue glaze, blue-white glaze and black glaze porcelain at the same time.
Yongchun Kiln: During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, celadon was mainly fired. The quality of Penglai kilns in Song Dynasty is the best, among which bowls are bulk products, among which the most regional features are flowers carved inside and butterflies carved outside. The number of blue-and-white glazed boxes is second only to bowls, with diverse shapes. Peony, lotus and broken branches are printed on the covers, and some boxes are decorated with sauce red paintings.
Putian kiln: one of the producing areas of export porcelain in Song and Yuan Dynasties. Lingchuan kiln is a kiln specialized in burning celadon. Its relics include plates, bowls and tableware. The dishes are decorated with positive prints, and the washing water is printed with thin lines and lotus petals. Its decoration and bottom are close to Dehua kiln. The blue-and-white glaze produced by Xitianwei Kiln, which is 0/2km away from the east of the county, includes carved plates and bowls.
Anxi kiln: the origin of export porcelain in Jinjiang area from Song Dynasty to Qing Dynasty. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, celadon was mainly fired, but there was also a small amount of celadon. There are all kinds of plates, bowls, bottles, pots, military trays, boxes and so on. Bowls have six petals, some are decorated with six convex patterns, some are decorated with grates between flowers, some are carved with double lines on the outside and grates on the inside, and the center is engraved with chrysanthemum patterns, but also with plain colors, decorated with large and small chrysanthemum petals or wide lips. The military attache has a fuller abdomen, a thicker fetus and a sauce on his body. Boxes come in many forms. There are many patterns on it, and the lines of the patterns are thicker than those of Dehua kiln.
Quanzhou kiln: an important producing area of export porcelain in Jinjiang area during the Song and Yuan Dynasties. The kiln site of Wanyao Township outside the East Gate is mainly for firing blue and white porcelain, and the unearthed objects include bowls, plates, Yin He, chrysanthemum petal boxes, sugar cane boxes, washing, tray supports, Yin He blanks, etc.
Zhangpu kiln: an ancient porcelain kiln in the coastal areas of southern Fujian during the Song and Yuan Dynasties. In its territory, green glazed and blue-and-white glazed porcelain such as Zhushushan kiln, Nanshan kiln, Luowan well kiln, Nanmenkeng kiln and Xiandong kiln in the Song and Yuan Dynasties were fired. There are bowls, plates, saucers, pots, etc. And the decoration is mainly plaid between flowers, and some bowls are decorated with lotus petals.
Minqing kiln: a folk porcelain kiln in eastern Fujian during the Song and Yuan Dynasties. The varieties of porcelain are blue glaze, blue-white glaze and black glaze. Its blue-and-white glaze is similar to blue glaze in shape and decoration, with thick carcass and carved flowers. Decorations are mostly lotus and chrysanthemum petals. There are many large and medium-sized lipped bowls unearthed.
The origin of export porcelain in the coastal areas of eastern Fujian during the Song and Yuan Dynasties. Several kiln sites in Jingtouli, Jinshangyao and Xishanding, which belong to Pukou Town, are mainly fired with blue and white porcelain. There are two kinds of products: fine and coarse, and a small number of fine products and white tires; Thick glaze is gray. There are all kinds of bowls with lips, straight mouths and openings, as well as plates and saucers. They are glossy and plain, with thick tires and rough production. The dishes are mostly unglazed, with a few decorative lines and grates, and the quality is better.
Jianyang Kiln: A famous place of producing black glazed porcelain in Song Dynasty, but a small amount of blue glazed and blue-white glazed porcelain was also fired in Song and Yuan Dynasties.
Nanping kiln: Song and Yuan porcelain kiln, located in Nanping Chayang, the upper reaches of Minjiang River. The varieties of porcelain are blue glaze, blue-white glaze, white glaze, black glaze and blue glaze. There are pots, plates, bowls, bowls, pots, multi-mouthed pots, dragon-covered bottles, holding pots, small pots, Gao Zubei, lamp holders and so on. Most of the decorations are printed, and the patterns can be divided into male and female patterns. There are words such as "talent", "jade", "longevity" and "happiness" among the broken branches of the printing plate and bowl.
Folk porcelain kilns in northern Fujian in Song Dynasty. Its kiln sites, such as Maodian and Zhaili, burn blue-and-white glazed porcelain and black glazed porcelain, among which there are a large number of blue-and-white porcelain with white carcass and different shapes, decorated with printed patterns of Shuangfeng, flying crane, bat deer, butterfly, Pisces, seaweed and flowers. Some glazes are pure and some are grayish yellow. There are two types of ignition: normal ignition and over-ignition.
Shaowu Kiln: A folk porcelain kiln in northern Fujian from Song Dynasty to Qing Dynasty. The kiln site is in Qingyun Mountain, the fourth mansion of Shaowu. It is a porcelain kiln that mainly burns blue-and-white porcelain and also burns black glazed porcelain. Houmen Mountain Kiln and Palm Mountain Kiln in Shangshang Village burn small cups, Gao Zubei, bowls, dishes, plates, cans and other utensils. The cup and Gao Zubei are octagonal, and the small plate is folded and beautiful.
Taining kiln: a folk porcelain kiln in northwest Fujian during the Song and Yuan Dynasties, which mainly produced celadon, celadon and black porcelain. Celadon includes Gao Zubei, chrysanthemum petals, lamps and incense burners. Some are decorated with carved flowers, and some plates and bowls are printed with the words "longevity" and "use".
Jianning kiln: Song and Yuan porcelain kiln, located in Lanxi, southwest of the county. Through on-the-spot investigation, it is found that some blue-and-white glazed bowls, cups, plates, pots, lids, bottles, storage cans and other utensils fired in Song and Yuan Dynasties are of good quality and similar in color to Hutian Kiln in Jingdezhen.
Chongan kiln: a folk porcelain kiln in northern Fujian from Song Dynasty to Ming Dynasty. Many Song Dynasty kiln sites have been found in Chong 'an (now Wuyishan City), two of which fired blue and white porcelain, and unearthed plates, bowls, cups, dishes, washing and boxes, among which Yuan Geng kiln has the best quality. Due to the border between Chong 'an and Jiangxi in the north, celadon was influenced by Jingdezhen and Nanfeng Kiln to some extent.
Jian 'ou Kiln: Northern Fujian Porcelain Kiln in Song Dynasty, with blue-and-white glaze and black glaze. The types of blue-and-white glazes are plates, bowls, Gao Zubei, pots, lamp holders, jars, flower plates and so on. Decorative techniques include printing and cross cutting. Printed patterns include lotus patterns, fish patterns, baby play patterns, etc., and cross-cutting patterns include flower patterns and cross-cutting patterns. There are two kinds of glazes of celadon, one is lake blue glaze, which is similar to Jingdezhen celadon in shape, pattern and firing method; The other is gray glaze, which has a rough texture.
Luoyuan kiln: Porcelain kiln from Song Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, located in bowl kiln in Bajing Village, Luoyuan, Fujian. The Song Dynasty burned celadon, celadon and black porcelain. There are bowls, plates, saucers, bowls, pots and so on. , decorated with peony and other flower patterns.
Ningde kiln: a folk porcelain kiln in northeast Fujian during the Song and Yuan Dynasties. The kiln site is located in Fei Ying Town and fuyong town City, Ningde City. There are two kinds of porcelain: black glaze and blue and white glaze. Blue-and-white glaze ware is coarse in quality, gray in glaze color and thick in carcass. Some bowls are high enough, some bowls have thin lines or petal patterns outside, and a few bowls have thin lines to decorate their hearts. In addition to all kinds of bowls, there are also small cups, which are characterized by high feet pointing outwards.
Song and Yuan porcelain kilns in western Fujian. The discovered specimens unearthed in Quanshang Kiln include blue-and-white glazed objects and black glazed objects. Blue-and-white glaze objects include hydrangea chrysanthemum petal pattern plate, lotus pond duck pattern bowl, carved grate pattern bowl, printed water washing and so on.
Fourth, Guangdong.
Chaozhou Kiln: One of the key kilns for exporting porcelain in Song Dynasty, located in Chao 'an. Chaoan Song belongs to Chaozhou, hence its name. Among them, Bijiashan kiln site has the largest scale and the richest accumulation, and its products include blue-and-white glaze, blue glaze, black glaze and brown-yellow glaze porcelain. Blue-and-white glaze is its main product, with a full range of utensils, including bowls, plates, dishes, cups, pots, bottles, stoves and cans. Among them, the trumpet-shaped slender flowing pot and the embossed lotus petal pattern furnace are the most typical, and the phoenix-headed pot and the fish-shaped pot are also the specialties of this kiln. There are four main decoration methods: carving, scribing, grating scribing and brown dot painting. Grating lines between graffiti are often used in pots, bottles, cans, bowls and other utensils. Scribbled lines are slender and smooth, and scribbled lines are much shorter and straighter with less bending. Brown decorations are found in statues.
Xicun kiln: Guangdong Song Dynasty porcelain kiln, located in the northwest of Guangzhou. The main types of porcelain are blue-and-white glaze, blue glaze, black glaze, brown glaze and low-temperature blue glaze, among which blue-and-white glaze accounts for the largest proportion. Its blue and white glaze products are white in color, some are light blue, and some are slightly gray or light yellow. There are various types of utensils, such as cockscomb pots, folding pots, bowls, cups, stoves, bottles, cans, drums, plates, boxes, pillows and so on. Ornaments are carved, scratched, engraved, printed, painted, stippled, embossed and molded, among which brown stippling and painted are the most distinctive. The method is to carve and draw flowers on the blank first, and then color or stipple. Painted plates and bowls are generally 25 ~ 35cm in diameter, decorated with broken branches and flowers, and the brushwork is concise; Dotting is also common in large bowls and plates, and then several or several groups are ordered after carving patterns.
Huizhou Kiln: Porcelain Kiln in Northern Song Dynasty, located in Yaotou Mountain, Dongping, a suburb of Huizhou. The unearthed porcelain specimens include blue glaze, blue-white glaze, white glaze and sauce-colored glaze. The tire color of blue-and-white glazed porcelain is mostly gray, and its bowls, cups and pots are the representative products of this kiln.
Xingning Kiln: Porcelain Kiln in Song Dynasty. The kiln sites are mainly distributed in Chongxin, Lianfeng and Zhuju Road in He Yong Town. Blue and white glazed plates, bowls, pots and cups were fired in the Song Dynasty, and the tires were white and thin.
Fengkai Kiln: Song Dynasty porcelain kiln, located in da miao cun, about 20 kilometers southeast of the county seat. The firing varieties are blue glaze and blue-white glaze, and the style of the ware is similar to that of Xicun kiln and Chaozhou Bijiashan kiln, but the technology is relatively rough.
Huiyang Kiln: Porcelain kilns in coastal areas of Guangdong from Song Dynasty to Ming Dynasty. The Song Dynasty porcelain kilns located in Yaotoushan mainly burn celadon, and the glaze color is unstable, ranging from standard celadon to light cyan, light yellow or light gray. Decorated by carving and printing, the decorative patterns are rich in content and diverse in shape.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Guangxi
Tengxian Kiln: Porcelain Kiln from Late Tang Dynasty to Song Dynasty. The kiln dedicated to firing celadon in the Song Dynasty is located in Zhonghewei, with bowls, plates, dishes, lamps, boxes, pots, bowls, lamps, stoves, pillows and other utensils. The matrix is thin and delicate, the enamel is bright and moist, and the glaze color is white. Decorations are carved and printed, mostly in bowls.
Rongxian Kiln: Porcelain Kiln in Song Dynasty. The kiln site for firing celadon is located in the west of the county seat, with the most kinds of bowls, as well as cups, lamps, plates, pots and bowls. Decorative methods include carving and scratching. Carved patterns include chrysanthemum petals and lotus petals, which are common in bowls, cups, stoves and other utensils. Cross-sectional flowers are mostly decorated in bowls and plates.
Beiliu Kiln: Porcelain kilns in Song Dynasty, mainly firing blue and white porcelain. The glaze color of celadon here is white, and the glaze is applied to the soles of the feet, which is short and shallow. There are bowls, plates, saucers, cups, bottles and cans, most of which are decorated with prints. Decorative patterns include tangled flowers, broken flowers, Feng Huangwen, sea fish patterns, fish wearing lotus flowers, baby play patterns and so on. In addition, there are a few blue-and-white glazes and small brown bowls.
Sixth, Hubei
Wuchang Kiln: Porcelain Kiln in Song Dynasty. At present, the kiln site for firing celadon is Qingshan kiln in Tutangxiang, west bank of Liangzi Lake, where celadon, celadon and white glazed porcelain are fired. Celadon and white glazed utensils are mainly bowls and plates, decorated with patterns such as flower grates and lotus petals, and there are also a certain number of bowls with flower mouths and lines, which are similar in quality to Jingdezhen celadon and white porcelain.
Sun Yicheng Kiln: Porcelain Kiln from Tang Dynasty to Song Dynasty. The kiln site is located in Liangzi Lake, Sun Yicheng, and the porcelain varieties are blue glaze and blue-white glaze. Blue and white porcelain is mostly bowl-shaped, with thin and white tires, light gray glaze and carved decoration.
Seven. Hunan
Hengdong Kiln: Porcelain Kiln from Song Dynasty to Qing Dynasty. There were two kinds of products in Song and Yuan Dynasties: colored porcelain and blue and white porcelain. Celadon kilns are mainly distributed in Chu Xiao Township, Mayou Township and Da Qiao Township to the north of the county seat. Products include bowls, cups, plates, bottles, cans, pots, Gao Zubei, jars and lamps. The tire is white and the glaze color is white, blue or yellow. Bowls, plates, cups, etc. It is often burnt by overburning or sand pad, and there is no glaze in the mouth of the overburning person. Decorated with printed flower patterns, the outer wall of the bowl is also printed with a weekly palindrome, and lotus petals are printed below. The era is Song Dynasty.
Eight, Jiangsu
A kiln site of blue-and-white porcelain in Yuan Dynasty was found in Jintan, and a blue-and-white glazed flat bowl with thick lotus petals was fired.
Wuxi discovered the site of the Song Dynasty celadon kiln, which was of poor quality.
Nine, Zhejiang
At present, only blue and white porcelain fired by Jiangshan kiln in Song and Yuan Dynasties has been found in China.
Because Jiangshan is adjacent to Jiangxi and influenced by Jingdezhen and Nanfeng Kiln, the shape and pattern of celadon products are similar to those of Jiangxi products. Carved bowls, thick tire gray glaze, printed chrysanthemum petals, three-beast-foot gossip stove, flowerpots, plates and pots.
If there are any shortcomings, please add them.