A considerable part of the traditional Hakka festivals are the natural continuation of the traditional customs of the Han nation. Hakka traditional Spring Festival customs not only inherit the traditions of Chinese traditional festival culture, but also reflect the characteristics of local traditional culture. Guangdong is the province with the largest number of Hakka people in China. So, do you know how the Hakka people in Guangdong celebrate the Spring Festival? Let’s take a look.
The 25th day of the twelfth lunar month is the defining date for entering the New Year, which means that after December 25th, the New Year period will begin. People who go out to work and do business have to rush back. The days from the 25th to the 30th of the twelfth lunar month are the most stressful. Everyone, men, women, old and young is busy and nervous. They mainly carry out the following preparations for the New Year:
Sweep The cleaning of the house after the house enters the New Year period is extraordinary. It is really a three-dimensional general cleaning, and the whole family does it. After a thorough cleaning, the indoor and outdoor windows are clear and clean, and people feel extremely comfortable, showing a scene of dusting off the old and replacing the old with the new.
Grinding tofu, drying fish, killing pigs, chickens, ducks, etc. Around the 278th day of the twelfth lunar month, every household begins to grind tofu. Most farmers have small fish holes in front of their homes. Around the 278th day of the twelfth lunar month, all the fish are released into the water to catch fish. On the one hand, the fish are used to make dishes, and on the other hand, it is convenient to dig the holes to make fertilizers after the Spring Festival. At the same time, pigs began to be killed one after another. Most people use thirty or forty kilograms of pork during the Chinese New Year. Some families kill a big pig during the Chinese New Year. The main purposes are: 1. Gifts to relatives and friends. Each relative should give two to three kilograms of pork as a gift, especially to the father-in-law. More meat will be given as gifts from relatives, and the number of pork gifts from newly married relatives will be even more considerable, otherwise they will be ridiculed as "lonely ghosts".
The whole family was busy until December 30th. All the New Year’s goods and materials were prepared. The whole family was happy, especially the children. They were eating well, dressing well, and not being scolded by adults. Beat and scold. People who go out to do business or work have to rush home for the "Reunion Dinner" on New Year's Eve at the latest. This day was also the busiest day. We worked tirelessly to do what everyone wanted to do, but everyone was happy and cheerful. The 30th day of the twelfth lunar month is also called New Year’s Eve. Things that must be done on this day are:
Take a pomelo leaf bath. Pick the pomelo leaves in the morning. After noon, every household puts the pomelo leaves into a pot of water and boils them. , everyone should take a hot pomelo leaf bath, which means to wash away the dirt, "poor energy" and "debilitating energy", and enter the new year cleanly. After taking a pomelo leaf bath, you put on new clothes, new hats, new socks, and new shoes, making you look brand new from head to toe. The dirty clothes you changed must be washed on the same day. Therefore, taking a pomelo leaf bath means removing the old and bringing in the new. This custom has faded year by year.
Send the Stove Lord to purchase the statue of the Stove Lord from the town in advance, write down the name of the Stove Lord (name and age of the family), prepare ingots, incense candles, three animals, wine, fruits and other sacrifices, and An "Eight Immortals Table" is placed next to the stove and the sacrifices are placed on the table. The whole family, old and young, gathered in front of the statue of the Kitchen God to salute, and devoutly sent the Kitchen God back to heaven to report on his duties. They prayed that the Kitchen God would bless and eliminate disasters with his kind words in front of the Jade Emperor, so that the fortune would be prosperous and the family would be safe in the coming year.
When people worship, most people only pray a few auspicious words to the Kitchen God, such as "bless and eliminate disasters, and protect the family's safety." Educated and knowledgeable families should also solemnly place sacrifices and read the sacrificial inscriptions, which are as follows: "You are still the head of the family. You are the first of the five sacrifices, and you cook in the tomb and kitchen. Isn't there any blasphemy? Prosperity depends entirely on the power of support. We are grateful on weekdays and pay tribute on this evening. We look down upon the slightest worries and protect the elders and children in order to increase their happiness." This custom is practiced by a few elderly people. Outside, too much is no longer enough.
After breakfast on the 30th day of the twelfth lunar month, anyone who had a male child would send someone to clean the ancestral temple and paint the walls of the ancestral temple. In the afternoon, people came one after another to the ancestral temple with gift boxes, three animals, firecrackers, ingots, incense candles and other sacrifices to pay homage and offer incense. After the salute, firecrackers were set off, and some fired blunderbuss. Every afternoon on New Year's Eve, the ancestral temple is filled with incense and the sound of firecrackers continues until dusk. This custom has also faded in recent years.
Paste Spring Festival couplets and New Year pictures on the main door and small door. Red Spring Festival couplets are pasted on the door lintel, and the door god or the words "Fu" and "Good Luck" are pasted on the door panel. Kitchens, cattle pens, pig pens, chicken fences, toilets, etc. should also be affixed with red paper "peach charms" such as "wealth and wealth are prosperous" and "six livestock are prosperous". The hall, bedrooms and guest rooms are all decorated with New Year paintings, creating a joyful scene.
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