Huainanzi analyzes the reasons for the emergence of Guanzi: "Huan Gong is worried about the country, suffering from the chaos of foreigners, wanting to live and die, worshiping the position of the son of heaven and opening up a wide career." Obviously, it is regarded as a political work to enrich the country and strengthen the people. Liu Xiang also believes: "Where Guanzi Shu serves the country and the people, it is possible to understand its meaning." (1) Huai Nan Zi quoted Guan Zi from Ying Tao Xun; (2) in Guanzi, a hundred schools of thought contend, with Taoism as the main idea. The ideas of "Qi" and "Rule of Law" in Huainanzi are both embodied in Guanzi by Huang Lao.
Laozi is the most directly quoted classic in Huainanzi, and Daoying Xun actually uses historical stories, fables and legends to explain the theme of Laozi. This article only involves 56 words in Chapter 4 1 of Laozi. It is the same as Han Feizi's solution and fishing for the old. Huainanzi is influenced by Laozi, and the most obvious thing is to take Tao as the guiding purpose of the whole book and make a more detailed description and regulation of Tao. Among them, Yang Shuda thinks: "This article is based on Laozi's will, so it is named the original way." ③
There is only one direct explanation in Zhuangzi quoted by Huainanzi, which can be found in Xunzi of Ying Tao: Therefore, the date of Zhuangzi says: "A small year is not as good as a big one, and a little knowledge is not as good as a big one. I don't know when the fungus will come, I don't know the spring and autumn. " This sentence is from Happy Travel, but in a slightly different order. However, "those who secretly use Zhuangzi are all articles. There are thirty-three articles in this edition of Zhuangzi, but none in Huainan. The remaining 32 articles quoted "④. Liu An is familiar with and deeply studies Zhuangzi, and has also done the annotation work of Zhuangzi. In Selected Works, Xie Lingyun's Entering China Zigang is the third valley, Tao Yuanming's Homecoming Notes, and Wang You's Notes in Selected Works of Qi Jingling. The notes also quote the cloud of Zhuangzi, the king of Huainan: "People in the rivers and seas, people in the valley, light the world, detail everything, and go alone." Zhang Jingyang's "Seven Lives" quoted Huainan Wang's "Zhuangzi's Later Interpretation" as saying: "A boxer, a saint has no desire. There are people who compete for money, and the boxer destroys jade in the middle, and the fighter stops. " On this basis, Liu An, the king of Huainan, once wrote a brief history of Zhuangzi and an interpretation of Zhuangzi, but they have been lost.
The relationship between Huai Nan Zi and Wen Zi is extremely difficult to judge. About 56% of the content of Wen Zi is the same as that of Huainanzi, and the lawsuit of which comes first has been played for thousands of years. Han Zhi contains nine articles on Wen Zi. Ban Gu said to himself, "Laozi's disciple is as famous as Confucius, and his name is Wen." . However, in 1973, Wen Zi was found in the bamboo slips unearthed from Liu Xiu's tomb in Zhongshan, Dingzhou, Hebei Province, which provided a new opportunity for understanding Wen Zi. ① There are similarities between Wen Zi on bamboo slips and Wen Zi today, but there are also lost articles in this edition, which shows that Wen Zi is an ancient pre-Qin book in the Western Han Dynasty, and its relationship with Huainanzi is by no means a simple question of who copied it.
Liezi's myth that "* * * public anger cannot reach the surrounding mountains" and Liezi's exclamation that "if heaven and earth become a leaf in three years, everything has few leaves" have appeared in both books, which obviously has a certain inheritance relationship. Han Zhi Liezi Eight Chapters was compiled by Liu Xiang, and there may be some descendants in its circulation, but it is by no means a fake book, and most of its contents are credible. "Corpse" said: "Liezi is expensive. "(Guangze Pian) Liu Xiang thinks:" Its learning originated from Huangdi and Laozi, and it is the Tao in Japan. Taoism adheres to the book, is pure and inaction, treats the body and things, respects but does not dispute, and is in the same strain as the Six Classics ... Emperor Xiaojing values Huang Lao's book, which is quite popular in the world. " (Liezi Shu Lu) (2) Liezi, which was very popular in Jingdi, must have been seen by Liu An, and Huainanzi also had a "virtual" side. It can't be said that it has not been influenced by Liezi.
As for the Four Classics of the Yellow Emperor (Tang Lan thinks that the ancient lost book before the second volume of Lao Zi, a silk book of Mawangdui Han Tomb, is what Han Zhi called the Four Classics of the Yellow Emperor), there are Daoyuan, Huainanzi, Daoyuan Xun, and Huainanzi, and nearly 30 words are obviously from the former, which Tang Lan combed. ①
Taiyi Shengshui, copied from Group C of Guodian Bamboo Slips Laozi, is about the formation of the universe. Xu believes that "Taiyi Shengshui" is an important development stage from Laozi to Huainanzi in the history of cosmic evolution. It gives full play to Laozi's thought and has originality different from Laozi's thought. It has a different ideological development direction from Guanzi infield and Huainanzi, and it also has a great influence on Huainanzi, such as the idea that heaven is the gas and the idea that the northwest is short of heaven and the southeast is dissatisfied. ) ②