Nguyen Fu _ (Vietnamese: Nguy_nPhúcThi_n,1913101October 22nd-1July 30th, 1997) is Dabao, formerly known as Nguyen Fu Yongrui (. These titles are Emperor Da Nan (1926- 1945), Emperor Vietnam (1945) and Head of State of Vietnam (1949- 1955).
Ruan Fuzhong, the only son of Ruan Fuzhong, was born in Hue, the capital of Ruan Dynasty, and studied in France since childhood. 1926 succeeded to the throne, with the title of "Baoda" (B_o__i). 1945, with the support of Japan, the French colonists were driven away and the "Vietnamese Empire" was established. Immediately after Japan surrendered, the August Revolution broke out in Vietnam, and the next year it abdicated and went into exile in Hong Kong. 1949, with the support of France, he returned to Vietnam, established the "Vietnam State" in southern Vietnam and became the head of state (Qu_ctr__ng). 1955 was deposed by Wu Tingyi and moved to France until his death. His life experience is deeply influenced by the change of political structure of the times.
Chinese name: Ruan Fu _
Mbth: Nguy_nPhúcThi_n
Alias: Ruan Fuyong Rui, Bao Da, Jean Robert
Nationality: Vietnam
Ethnic group: Jing nationality
Place of birth: Hue, French Vietnam
Date of birth:1913101October 22nd.
Date of death:1July 30, 997
Occupation: Emperor and Head of State of Vietnam
Graduate school: Paris Institute of Political Science.
Faith: converted to Catholicism in his later years
Major achievements: peaceful abdication
Masterpiece: The Dragon of Annan
Spouse: Nam Phuong
The life of the character
Early life
19 13 (the seventh year of the Reform)101On October 22nd, Ruan Fuyong Rui was born in Hue, the capital of the Ruan Dynasty in Vietnam, and was the concubine of Fenghua Gong Ruan Fubao _. 19 16, the French colonial government supported Ruan Fubao _ to succeed to the throne and became the emperor of Ruan Dynasty, renamed Ruan Fu _, that is, the emperor.
The Nguyen Dynasty in Vietnam was once a vassal state of China, calling itself Emperor Da Nan in China. 1884 became a French colony, and the royal family of Ruan Dynasty was preserved. Its land was divided into three parts: Annan Protected Area (Zhongqi), Tokyo Protected Area (Beiqi) and Jiao Jiao zhina Colony (Nanqi), and together with other French Indian zhina Protected Areas (Laos and Cambodia), it formed the Federation of French India zhina. The monarch of Ruan Dynasty only had Zhong You in name, but in fact he was a puppet of France, with almost no real power, and was still called the "Great Southern Emperor". 1922 In May (the seventh year of the founding of the Party), 9-year-old Ruan Fuyongrui was awarded the title of Crown Prince, and then he was sent to France to receive education in a middle school and the Paris Institute of Political Science, and Charles, a Frenchman, was asked to take care of his life.
Young king
1925 (Ten Years in Ding Qi)165438+1On October 6th, Emperor Ding Qi, Ruan Fuyongrui's father, died. He returned to Vietnam to inherit the throne and changed his name to "_" according to the practice of commanding his ancestors. 19261October 8th, 12-year-old Ruan Fu _ ascended the throne in the Hall of Supreme Harmony in the imperial city of Hue, and became the 13 emperor of the Ruan Dynasty, with the title of "Baoda". Later, he returned to France to continue his studies and appointed Ruan Youpai, a Catholic, to take charge of the court in Hue.
193 1 year, Baodian 18 years old. Hue Court urged France to send Baoda back to Vietnam, but Vietnam has just experienced the "Yijing Soviet Movement" led by Indian zhina. The French believe that the situation in Vietnam is not stable enough, and Baoda will continue to study in France for at least two years. At that time, many Vietnamese had many expectations for Baoda's return to China and expected liberal political reform. Reno (Minister of Plenipotentiary Colonization), the Governor-General of French-born India in Japan, also vigorously publicized that "after Baoda's return to Vietnam, your country will experience moderns in history" (193 1 year).
1932 (the seventh year of Baoda) On September 6th, Baoda returned to Vietnam at the age of 19. On September 10, Baoda began to take charge. The young Baoda has great ambitions for reform and hopes that Vietnam can achieve independence and prosperity like Japan. Within a few months, he quickly carried out some reforms, including giving up tedious old habits such as bowing. 1May 2, 933 _ Baoda obtained the approval of French Governor pasquale in advance, reorganized the cabinet, demoted Ruan Youpai, Wu Lian, respected Tan, Liao Fan and Wang Cida, and promoted Fan Qiong, Wu Tingyan, Pei Pengduo and Cai Wen. General Bao changed the original seven departments to five, of which the Ministry of War was merged into the official department and served as the official department minister; The Ministry of Education was changed to the Ministry of Education, and Fan Qiong was appointed Minister of Education. The Ritual Department and the Ministry of Industry merged into the Craft Department and the Etiquette Department, and Cai Wenzan was the Shangshu; The Ministry of Punishment was changed to the Ministry of Justice, and Pei Pengqi was the Minister of Justice; The Ministry of Housing was changed to the Ministry of Finance and Social Relief, and Hu Dekai was the Minister of Finance and Social Relief. This personnel adjustment in Baoda University is not only supported by royalists who support the strengthening of imperial power, but also by radicals who are unwilling to maintain the status quo and hope to make changes.
However, Baoda's reform soon suffered setbacks. Two months later, Wu Tingyan, the official minister, suddenly resigned and the government operation was paralyzed. In Bauda's memoirs, Wu Tingyan was dissatisfied with the blatant colonial attitude of the French (the French said that Wu Tingyan was dissatisfied with only holding the post of Shangshu); 1934, the Indian governor of zhina, Paschil, was killed in an air crash, which also made Baoda lose an enthusiastic supporter of his reform. 1939, Baoda's reform proposal to French governors Catroux and JeanDecoux was shelved. At this time, Baoda found that she did not have much real power and left the governor's permission. Vietnam's reform tends to stagnate, so he himself began to feel disappointed with the reform. In fact, Baoda also knows that she is just a puppet of France. In the colonial system in which France ruled Vietnam, Nanqi was directly ruled by the French governor, while Beiqi was nominally under the jurisdiction of the "envoys" sent by the Hue court. Later, the minister was cancelled and managed by the French "general envoy". Although Zhongqi retained the Ruan Dynasty royal family and the imperial court, all matters needed to be decided by the French ambassador, even by the Bao University. In the face of indignant unequal treatment, Baoda was powerless to resist. He just pretends to be aloof, hunting, playing cards or boating every day. In fact, Baoda is also watching the situation and waiting for the opportunity to come.
Independently abdicate
During World War II,1June 1940, France surrendered to Germany. Japan took the opportunity to ask the Petain government of Vichy, France, India and zhina not to let the Republic of China use the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway to transport imported materials, and sent Japanese troops to Vietnam to block the Sino-Vietnamese border. However, the Japanese occupation army did not expel the French and promised not to disturb the Baoda of Hue Palace. However, in 1944, after the United States and Britain captured Paris, the newly established Charles de Gaulle government opposed the Axis, so the Japanese army carried out the "Ming Action" plan on the night of March 9 1945, which overthrew the French colonial regime in Japan in one fell swoop, known as the "March 9 coup" in history. Baoda was hunting outside when the incident happened. On March 10, it was discovered by the Japanese army and carried back to Hue. Yokoyama, the Japanese ambassador to zhina, was lucky enough to come to Hue from Saigon to encourage Baotian to break away from the law and return to Japan with "Asia belongs to Asians". So in March of 1 1, Baoda convened six ministers and princes in Jianzhong Building and issued the Declaration of Independence, which abolished the second Hue Treaty (Shen Jia Peace Treaty) that made Vietnam a French colony in 1884, broke away from the protection of France and declared Vietnam an independent country with the title of "Da Nan".
However, just a few days later, on March 1945 and 19, due to the pro-French tendency of Fan Qiong, the minister who drafted the Declaration of Independence, Baoda was forced to dismiss him under the pressure of the Japanese. Later, Fan Qiong was arrested and killed by the Viet Cong. At this time, Baoda hoped that Wu Tingyan, a former senior minister living in Saigon, could regain power, but the Japanese replied that Wu Tingyan could not be found. In order to fill the country's political vacuum, Professor Tr_nTr_ngKim, who now lives in Singapore, returned to Vietnam in April of the same year to become the Prime Minister of the Cabinet and established a pro-Japanese government, which was the first government in Vietnam to be formed according to the modern model (although there was no army or police). At the same time, the Japanese secretly supported the imperial clan (C__ng__, the direct descendant of Emperor Jialong) who coveted the throne to contain Baoda.
At the beginning of 1945, due to various reasons, such as natural disasters, forced grain requisition by the Japanese army and excessive promotion of cash crops by the French colonial authorities, a serious famine occurred in the densely populated Red River Delta in northern Vietnam, and it is estimated that 400-2 million people died of hunger.
1945, 15 In August, Japan surrendered to the allied forces, and the pro-Japanese Tr?n Tr?ng Kim government was in jeopardy. /kloc-In August of 0/9, the Viet Cong led by Ho Chi Minh seized power in Hanoi and set up an interim revolutionary government, which was known as the "August Revolution" in history. On August 23rd, Ho Chi Minh Provisional Revolutionary Government sent a telegram to Hue, saying: "The Provisional People's Revolutionary Government has been established. The chairman of the government is Mr. Ho Chi Minh, urging the Emperor to abdicate immediately to consolidate and unify the independent country. " At this time, Yokoyama Yuki, the Japanese minister and the highest adviser of the Vietnamese Empire, suggested that Baoda could easily annihilate the Viet Cong by using Japanese military power. However, Baoda refused to use foreign forces to slaughter Vietnamese, rejected Hengshan's proposal, and telegraphed the People's Revolutionary Committee to agree to abdicate. On August 25th, the Provisional Revolutionary Government called back, saying that it would send a delegation to Hue and asked Baoda to issue a letter of abdication. On August 30th, Baoda held an abdication ceremony in front of the meridian gate of Hue Imperial City, and read out the abdication letters:
For the happiness of the Vietnamese nation, for the independence of Vietnam, and to achieve these two goals, I declare that I can sacrifice everything and hope that my sacrifice can safeguard the interests of the motherland. We must believe that now, all our compatriots must unite. On August 23, I announced to all the people that at this decisive moment in history, we will live in unity and die in division.
The democratic progress advocated by the imperial edict is developing rapidly in the north. I'm worried that a civil war will be inevitable if I decide to abdicate after consulting public opinion. I know very well that if this war happens, it will plunge the whole country into the hot water of war, which will only give foreign invaders an opportunity. Every time I think of the vast territory from Hue to Hexian County laid by the former emperors for more than 400 years, I have to sigh and regret that my twenty years in office have not brought remarkable benefits to my country. Nevertheless, I have made up my mind. I decided to abdicate, and I decided to hand over power to the Democratic and Republican governments. Before officially abdicating, I just want to emphasize three points:
First, I demand that the new government must protect the mausoleum of the royal ancestral temple and safeguard the dignity of the royal family.
Second, I ask the new government to treat those political parties and groups that are fighting for national independence with brotherhood, although they do not equally advocate the Marxist-Leninist democratic road. This will help them to participate in the cause of national construction, and at the same time prove that the new system was established with the firm unity of all the people.
Third, I demand that all parties, organizations and social strata unite like royalty, be the strong backing of the democratic and Republican government, and safeguard national independence.
Personally, I have experienced countless hardships during my twenty years in office. I would rather be a citizen of an independent country than a monarch of a ruled country. From now on, I gladly accept becoming a free citizen of an independent country. I will never allow anyone to spread separatist remarks among my compatriots in the name of me or the royal family.
Long live the independence of Vietnam!
Long live the Democratic Republic of Vietnam!
After the imperial edict was read out, General Bao presented the national seal and sword symbolizing the power of Ruan Chao to Vietnamese representatives such as Chen Huiliao (Tr_nHuyLi_u), Ruan Liangpeng (Nguy _ NL _ NGB _ NG) and (cüHuyC _ n) respectively. Chen Huiliao tried to hold the national seal weighing 7 kilograms for the masses to see, and almost fell. However, after Bao lobby suddenly asked for a "return gift", Ruan Liangpeng simply put a Vietnamese trade union badge on Bao Dabie, and another representative, Huijin Zhai, led the crowd to shout slogans such as "Long live Vietnam's independence" and "Long live the Democratic Republic of Vietnam". At this point, the Ruan Dynasty, which lasted for 144 years, came to an end, as did the monarchy in Vietnam for thousands of years. Baoda abandoned the imperial system and the name "Ruan Fu _" and changed its original name to Ruan Fu Yong Rui. Two days later, on September 2nd, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam was established in Hanoi, and Baodacheng became the "First Citizen" of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, which is famous for its title of "Citizen Yongrui" (c_ngd_nV_nhTh_y).
Re-debut
After Emperor Baoda abdicated, he became an important United front object in Vietnam. In September 1945, 1 1, Ho Chi Minh, President of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, issued Order No.23, appointing Ruan Fu Yong Rui (Baoda) as the "highest adviser" of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, and then Baoda accompanied Ho Chi Minh on a state inspection. However, the relationship between Baoda and Vietnam led by Ho Chi Minh is quite different. After he abdicated, he was very depressed and knew that he was only used by Vietnam. Moreover, after the end of World War II, great changes have taken place in Vietnam. According to the Potsdam Agreement, the Japanese army in southern Vietnam surrendered to the British army, the Japanese army in northern Vietnam surrendered to the army of the Republic of China, and the political forces in northern Vietnam, such as the Viet Cong (Vietnam Independence Alliance), the Vietnamese Nationalist Party and the Vietnamese Revolutionary Alliance, confronted each other. In addition, the forces of China garrison and French people trying to return to Vietnam are mixed, and the political situation in Vietnam is very complicated and chaotic. So Baoda chose to flee Vietnam to protect herself. 1946 March 16, Baoda visited Chongqing, China as a member of the delegation of the Democratic Republic of Viet Nam, during which she was granted a visa by Chiang Kai-shek and went to Hong Kong. Baoda arrived in Hong Kong via Kunming and Guilin and lived in Repulse Bay, Hong Kong.
However, Baoda didn't come back from Vietnamese politics for long. At that time, France returned to southern Vietnam with the help of Britain. At first, the French tried to restore the monarchy in Vietnam. However, since Baoda has joined the Vietnamese government, his wife, Nam Phuong, resolutely opposed the French to establish the Crown Prince Ruan Fu Bao Long on the grounds that Baoda is still alive, so the French had to turn to a republic, and in 1946, they established the "Rubber-bottomed zhina Autonomous Republic" in southern Vietnam. 1946, 12, when the French-Vietnamese war broke out, the French hoped that Baoda would return to Vietnam to break the deadlock. At the beginning of 1947, they sent someone to Hong Kong to contact Baoda, but Baoda responded coldly. At the same time, the other side of the war, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, also actively tried to win over Baoda and contacted Baoda in the summer of 1947. However, Baoda thinks that "communist party is capricious, and Ho Chi Minh, as one of the leaders of international communist party in Southeast Asia, can't cooperate with it" and declares that "it will never be used". It can be seen that Baoda also showed an attitude of non-interference in politics at this time. But in the autumn of 1947, the situation changed. France and Baoda reached a preliminary agreement, and various factions in Vietnam who opposed the Vietnam League also actively made efforts for Baoda's comeback. Seeing that the time is ripe, Baoda is determined to go out again. 1On September 4th, 947, he invited leaders of Vietnamese political parties to come to Hong Kong to discuss the current situation. On September 9, he held an interim meeting. Baoda and the delegates issued a joint statement condemning Vietnam. /kloc-In September, 2008, Baoda published a letter to Vietnamese nationals, indicating that it decided to comply with the requirements of the nationals and "undertake the tasks entrusted by the nationals and prepare to contact all French authorities". At this point, Baoda, who retired for one and a half years, officially returned to Vietnamese politics.
However, Baoda's comeback was not smooth. First of all, although his comeback has French persuasion factors, he believes that France is not sincere about Vietnam's independence; The Vietnamese Nationalist Party, which originally "wholeheartedly supported" Baoda, also issued a statement on June 29 1947, saying that it "opposes France's aggressive policy, opposes Baoda's failure to practice democracy, opposes Vietnamese traitors reorganizing the territorial government, and the Vietnamese Nationalist Party will carry out the revolution to the end". In this way, because Baoda was unwilling to submit easily, France was superstitious about force, and various parties in Vietnam had different opinions, so the contact and negotiation between Baoda and France quickly reached a deadlock. However, France was deeply involved in the war with the Democratic Republic of Viet Nam, and its "Jiao Jiao zhina Autonomous Republic" had no mass base, so it became the only choice for France to welcome the return of the former monarch of Ruan Dynasty. 1947, 1947 On February 7, 1947, Baoda reached a Halong Bay agreement with Polat, the representative of France. France recognized Vietnam as an "independent" member of the French Federation, and Vietnam was free to practice reunification. However, this agreement was opposed by Vietnamese nationalists such as Wu Tingyan. Therefore, Bao went to France at the end of 1947 and returned to Hongkong in March of 1948, seeking the support of China Kuomintang while negotiating with France. When France discovered it, it was very shocking. In addition to the pro-China elements around Baoda, Baoda, who was taken hostage by France, had to yield to France and authorized Prime Minister Nguyen Van Chun, the puppet regime of zhina Autonomous Republic in southern Vietnam, to form the interim government of Vietnam. 1On June 5, 948, Nguyen signed the Halong Bay Agreement with France again on behalf of the Vietnamese interim government, agreeing to establish an autonomous government within the French Federation and realize the national reunification of Vietnam. 1949 On March 8th, Baoda signed the March 8th Agreement with French President auriol, which established the policy of Vietnam's independence and reunification. However, according to this regulation, Vietnam led by Baoda will remain in the French Federation. If the relationship between France and Vietnam changes in the future, Nanqi will automatically become a French colony; Through this agreement, France also obtained a series of privileges such as diplomatic supervision, consular jurisdiction, consultant employment, garrison rights, economy and trade. It can be seen that Baoda is still a puppet of France after its return.
On April 27th, 1949, Baoda returned to Saigon, Vietnam from Hong Kong. 18 On June 4th, Baoda announced the establishment of the interim government of Vietnam, replacing the "Autonomous Republic of zhina" and becoming the head of state of Vietnam (head of state, Qu_ctr__ng). 1July, 949, Bao Dacheng became the head of state and prime minister of Vietnam. The "Vietnamese State" regime established by France in supporting Baoda in southern Vietnam has been recognized by the United States and Britain, and the regime led by Ho Chi Minh in northern Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam) has been recognized by the Soviet Union and the newly established People's Republic of China (PRC) (PRC). However, due to the puppet regime nature of "Vietnam State", Wu Tingyan, a former senior minister who supported Baoda's comeback in 1947, and Wu Hongqing, leader of the Vietnamese Nationalist Party, refused to be called officials. Bao Da himself is only closely related to General tassigny, commander-in-chief of the French army stationed in Vietnam, and can't get along with most senior French officials. Therefore, he was in power for less than a year, which made it convenient for him to hand over the prime minister's position to education bishop Nguyen Panlong in June 1950, while he himself only hung the virtual title of "Vietnamese head of state", lived in seclusion in a summer resort in Tat 'a and played tigers all day. When Ruan Panlong was prime minister, Baoda received 4 million zhina dollars (about 200,000 US dollars) every month. 1950 in April, after tran van huu became prime minister, his monthly salary was raised to 7 million Indian dollars. In addition, the gang "Pingchuan Sect", which holds the gambling rights in Saigon and Dian, will also pay about 2 million Indian dollars to Baoda and the Vietnamese government every month. Baoda invested in overseas real estate with rich income and lived a life of drunkenness.
At that time, the external pillar of Baoda's "Vietnamese State" regime was France, and the internal pillar was Gao Tai, He Hao and Pingchuan forces. However, the situation of the French-Vietnamese war is increasingly unfavorable to France. 1In the spring of 954, France was defeated by the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in the Battle of Dien Bien Phu, so it had to sign the Geneva Agreement, which stipulated that Vietnam was divided into north and south by the north latitude 17 degrees. France began to withdraw its troops from Vietnam, and an important pillar of the Baoda regime collapsed. 1In July, 954, Wu Tingyan, a Catholic and nationalist, was appointed as Prime Minister of the University of Bulgaria, and the United States began to intervene in South Vietnam instead of France to support Wu Tingyan in challenging the University of Bulgaria. Wu Tingyan has nothing to hide. He began to rectify Gao Tai and He Hao, and eliminated the Pingchuan Sect. He also ousted Nguyen Van Sian, commander-in-chief of the Vietnamese National Army, which made the internal pillar of the "Vietnam State" tend to collapse and the status of Baoda was in jeopardy. He tried to order the removal of Wu Tingyan's military power on April 28th, but to no avail. 1955 On May 10, Wu Tingyan announced the start of preparations for the general election in South Vietnam, and on June 10, it decided to hold a referendum on whether to retain its status as head of state. The power struggle between Baoda and Wu Tingyan became fierce. He ordered the recall of Wu Tingyan in June +654381October+August, 5438, but Wu Tingyan still exercised the power of Prime Minister to organize a referendum. 19551October 23rd, the referendum was formally held. As a result, 98.2% of the people supported the abolition of Baoda's status as head of state (the accuracy of the result was questioned), so Wu Tingyan changed its name to "Republic of Vietnam" on June 26, 65438/KLOC-0, and became president, and promulgated an interim constitution. Bauda was deposed, exiled to Switzerland and Monaco, and finally settled in France.
Exile life
1955, Baoda went into exile again, and he chose to spend the rest of his life in Paris, France. Since then, he has been writing his memoir "The Dragon of Annan" with infinite regret and melancholy. In his painful memories, Bao Da reflected on his own failure again and again, believing that the main reason was that he did not make good use of the contradictions of others and did not maintain an impartial attitude in the political struggle like a seesaw battle. However, with a few exceptions, he has little interest in Vietnam affairs. For example, in 1972, Baoda, who was in exile, issued a public statement calling for national reconciliation in Vietnam: "It is time to end this fratricidal war and restore the final peace and harmony." At that time, North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam) sent representatives to France, hoping that if Vietnam was reunified, Baoda would join the Coalition government, because Baoda still had great influence in Guangji Province, Chengtian Hue Province and Hue City, the old capital of Vietnam. Although Baoda did not accept the United front of North Vietnam, it publicly declared its opposition to the US sending troops to South Vietnam. It also criticized the regime of South Vietnamese President Nguyen Van Shao and called on all political factions to establish a free, neutral and peace-loving government to ease the tension in this country.
1982, Baoda, Empress Yong Rui and other former members of the Vietnamese royal family visited the United States. His itinerary includes visits to Buddhist monasteries and Vietnamese-American communities in California and Texas. When Emperor Baoda was in the United States, he listened to the public opinion of Vietnamese organizations in exile in the United States, hoping to explore a road of national reconciliation. 1988, Baoda converted to Catholicism in Paris, and his holy name was Jean-Robert.
1On July 30th, 997, Baoda died in St. Peter's Valley Military Hospital in Paris, France, and was buried in Pasi Cemetery. No temple number, posthumous title, Ling number.
After his death, his eldest son, Prince Fu Baolong of Ruan, inherited the leadership position of Ruan Dynasty.
family member
Baoda married five queens and gave birth to five sons and six daughters.
Baoda got married for the first time before she was 20 years old. 1934 On March 20th, Baoda married Ruan Youshilan, a beautiful woman from a wealthy Catholic civilian family in southern Vietnam who was educated in France, in the Forbidden City in Hue (19 14 _ 1963). On March 24th, Baoda made an exception and gave her the emblem of Nam Phuong (Ruan Chaozu system was that the emperor did not stand before his death). They have five children altogether.
Bao Da's second wife is MoniqueBaudot, a French citizen, born in Lorraine in 1942, married in Paris, France in February/972, and was awarded the title of "ImperialPrincess". 1997 After her husband died, she was called the Queen of Thailand (Hoàngh_uThaiPh__ng).
Baoda also had three concubines, all of whom were married before Nam Phuong died:
Emperor Baoda also had a mistress, Li Lixia, a dancer from Hanoi. )。 It is also reported that two French women Vicky and Clément also had sex with him.
Baoda's children are as follows:
Son:
Female:
Personal work
Dragon of Annan
Anecdotal allusions
Film and television image
In 2004, the Vietnamese TV series Ng_nN_nHoàngCung, played by Hu _ Nhantu _ N, put Emperor Baoda on the TV screen.