First, choose varieties.
There are many varieties of early-maturing cabbages, among which, Qing 12 Zaocaixin, Qing Jiu Si (3 1 caixin) and Dongguan 45 days have the characteristics of heat resistance and strong resistance, with high yield and good quality.
Second, land selection and land preparation
1. Early-maturing oily green Chinese cabbage is more tolerant to fertilizer. In production, loam or sandy loam with fertile and loose soil and rich organic matter should be selected for planting. The Chinese cabbage is stout, with high yield and good quality.
2. Before sowing, deep ploughing and ridging should be carried out, then sufficient base fertilizer should be applied, and soil preparation should be done carefully, so that the surface of the border is turtle-backed, and there are no big pores and cracks. Generally, the width of the border is 1.5- 1.7 m, and the height of the border is 20-30cm.
Third, planting time.
The suitable sowing date of early-maturing oil-green Chinese cabbage is May-10 month and August-10 month. In high temperature and rainy season, direct seeding is generally used, and the amount of seeds used per mu is 400-500g, and seedlings can also be transplanted. Transplanted seedlings 15- 18 days, seedling age 3-4 years.
Fourth, cover the sunshade net.
1. After sowing, cover with cool yarn, which has the function of preventing high temperature burn, rainstorm impact and soil hardening, and is beneficial to seedling emergence and full seedlings. Open the sunshade net quickly after emergence to prevent excessive growth, and plant it in high temperature and rainy season to avoid the adverse impact of adverse climate on the growth of Chinese flowering cabbage.
2. Generally, after emergence, you can open the sunshade net to raise it by 80- 100cm, and set up a shed beside the border to shelter from the wind and rain, which is suitable for 10- 15 days. If it is seedling transplanting, it can be covered 5-7 days after transplanting, but it can't cover the whole growth period, and the shading rate is 45%.
3. When the true leaves of the seedlings are unfolded, the dense seedlings, weak seedlings or diseased seedlings should be eliminated in time, and the seedlings should be thinned and fixed in the third leaf stage, and the seedling spacing is about 13cm. Before plants germinate, dense weak plants and poor plants should be removed, which is beneficial to ventilation and light transmission, and the flower stems are strong, thus improving the commodity rate and the quality of flower stems.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) fertilizer and water management
1. Early-maturing oil-green Chinese cabbage has a short growth period and a fast growth rate, so it is necessary to apply sufficient base fertilizer. Generally, decomposed pig manure 1500-2000 kg or chicken manure 750 kg is applied per mu, and 20-30 kg of compound fertilizer is fully mixed with soil, and topdressing should be done in time during the growth period.
2. In the early stage of topdressing, available nitrogen fertilizer is the main fertilizer, and adding phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the middle and late stage is beneficial to improve the yield and quality of flower stems. When applying fertilizer, it is necessary to prevent the fertilizer from falling on the flower buds and causing bud rot, pay attention to watering and keep the border surface moist.
3. Generally, when the first 1 true leaf grows, it can be watered with 1 times diluted manure, or 3-5 kg urea per mu for seedling raising, and combined with top dressing in the third leaf stage, with 5 kg urea 1000- 1500 kg or 20% human manure per mu.
4. After that, 30%-40% human excrement and urine water 1000- 1500kg or urea 100 kg is mixed with 20kg of compound fertilizer every 5-7 days, each mu 1 time, and fertilization is stopped when the flower heads are harvested, and topdressing is performed for 3-3 times in the whole growth period.
Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of intransitive verbs
1. The main diseases are anthracnose and soft rot. Anthracnose is a disease with high temperature and high humidity. Pathogens mainly invade from wounds, spread through rain and insects, and occur frequently from April to September every year.
2. It is quite common in recent years and has a great influence on the production of Chinese flowering cabbage. In production, we should pay attention to the selection of land with good drainage and irrigation, crop rotation, rural cleaning, removal of diseased plants and residues, and strengthening management.
3. Ye Banjing 1000 times solution, Shi Baogong 1000- 1500 times solution, 800 times solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 600-800 times solution of 75% tobrazin wettable powder can be used alternately at the initial stage of the disease, and 70% dick can be used alternately for soft rot.
4. The main pests are striped flea beetle, Pieris rapae, Plutella xylostella and Spodoptera litura. Attention should be paid to the prevention and control of striped flea beetle at seedling stage, and to the prevention and control of Pieris rapae, Plutella xylostella and Spodoptera litura at middle and late stage.