In the east of Xiashan, from northwest to southeast, there are two peaks, Guishan and Sheshan, with an altitude of 1 13.87 meters and a height of about 48 meters. Stone Mountain (Butterfly Mountain) connected by the river is flat and low, which forms the barrier of Xiashan market. The southwest of Xiashan is close to Da Nan Shan. Da Nanshan is rich in water resources, and most of the water flows to the southeast, with a large flow gap. Therefore, there are many water-filled islands in the southeast, and there are countless pits in the upper source, which flow to Qiufengling, where the water flow is gentle and the Wang Yang is vast. After liberation, the people's government stored water here to build the Qiufeng Reservoir. From here, it winds through Gucuo Township into Liangying Town, and branches into several tributaries, one of which flows westward into Simapu Town and Lianjiang River, and the other flows into Xiashan Town, named Xiashanhe. Xiashan River is also called Xiashan Daxi. Originated in Qigou, it flows into Shangdongpu, Li Antang and Chenhepo, flows through Xiadongpu to Xigang, Liuqian and Naina Baishui to Dangang Town, Qiaodong and other villages, and flows through Lianjiang Guitouhai in heping town. In the west port, the water from Dagugou and Silian flows into Shaxi and Chen Tao, and the water from Chenhepo flows into Liannan and Dongxilian rivers. Lianjiang shipping can be navigable to Xiashan Town when it enters the south current or the east current. Xiashanhe is rich in water, which irrigates most of the cultivated land in this town. The water in Shibawan flows from Xiadian to the bank of Lianjiang, then turns to the southwest, flows into Yang Chen and the arch bridge, and twists and turns to the vicinity of Yiying, forming the Shibawan which bends to the south and flows to the north, and then flows into Nanfeng, Chaodong and Longmei to leave Lianjiang, which is the irrigation and water delivery artery in the northwest of Xiashan Town. Third, divide the soil according to geological age. Xiashan town was originally a swamp alluvial plain, which was formed by a large number of soil erosion and sediment alluvial in Da Nanshan. Near Da Nanshan, it belongs to semi-sandy soil, accounting for about 40% of the town's cultivated land, and is suitable for planting crops such as rice, wheat, sugarcane and peanuts. Adjacent to Lianjiang, it belongs to clayey soil, accounting for about 60% of the town's cultivated land. It is suitable for planting crops such as rice, wheat, raw oranges, sweet potatoes and bananas. Four. Climate Xiashan is a subtropical maritime climate zone, with high temperature as the main factor, with an annual average temperature of about 20℃ and a minimum temperature of 8.4℃ at 1 month, but a low temperature of l℃ occurs at 196 1 year 1 month 18, and the annual maximum temperature is generally 36℃. There is abundant rainfall, the annual precipitation is about 1800 mm, and the daily precipitation is generally the most100 mm. April to August is the rainy season. V. Permanent Population According to research, most residents of Xiashan Town come from Quanzhou, Zhangpu and other places in southern Fujian. Some of them took refuge in the war and moved south, mainly from Zhongzhou, Henan to southern Fujian. In the Song Dynasty, another group of asylum seekers from the north were called Hakkas because they were later than Heluo. Today, there are still residents who speak Hakka on the edge of Nanshan, while Jiudou in Donggou Village is a shallow mountain guest. Villages in Xiashan Town were formed earlier in Song Dynasty, such as Xiashan, Yangnei, Yiying and Huaqiao. By the early Ming Dynasty, Xiashan had become the main capital of Chaoyang (named Huanglong Capital, which governed 83 villages). The permanent population of Xiashan Town is170,000, and the temporary population is more than 40,000. The number of overseas residents in Xiashan Town reached 654.38+10,000. According to the statistics of the Town Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese, there are about 40,000 overseas Chinese from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, about 50,000 overseas Chinese from Thailand, about 4,000 overseas Chinese from Malaysia and Singapore, about 400 overseas Chinese from the Philippines and about 100 overseas Chinese from Indonesia. In addition, there are Xiashan people from America, Australia, Europe and Mauritius on the coast of East Africa. VI. Historical Evolution Xiashan was called "Heshan" in ancient times, and was named after it was located in Guishan and Sheshan. During the Wanli period of Ming Dynasty, Zhou Guanghao, the head of Dali Temple, built a "Mingnong Mountain House" in Xiashan to live in seclusion. But seeing the green mountains as jade, they carved the word "Jade Gorge" on the stone, so Xiashan was also called "Jade Gorge". In the first year of Long 'an in Jin Dynasty (AD 399), Chaoyang County was established, and the county was placed at the foot of Gushan Mountain in Lin Kun, and Xiashan was under the jurisdiction of Chaoyang. In the first year of Tang Yonghui (AD 665), Chaoyang entered Haiyang. In the first year of congenital (AD 7 12), Haiyang was demolished and set up as Chaoyang. In the 14th year of Yuanhe (AD 8 19), Han Yu attacked Chaozhou, and the county government moved from Lin Kun to Xinxing Township (now Miancheng). At that time, Chaoyang had set up four townships: Xinxing, Xingren, Fenggen and Fenghuang, and Xiashan belonged to Xingren Township. In the second year of Shaoxing in Song Dynasty (AD l 132), Chaoyang was merged into Haiyang, and in the tenth year (AD 1 140), Haiyang was demolished and Chaoyang was established. In the 17th year of Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1357), the red bear in Dalu, Jianxian County built a earthen city as a city corridor, under the jurisdiction of the county 14 regiment. At the end of Yuan Dynasty, it was occupied by natives, Sui Chen occupied the city, Xie Jun occupied Qishan capital (now peaceful), and Land Rover was occupied by Jinglong (Huanglongdu area). In the 14th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 138 1), Yang Zhi, a magistrate of a county, surveyed the land, recorded the number of people and made a map of the service. 14 regiment is the capital of 16 township, Xiashan is the capital of Huanglong, and the township is located in Xiashan. During the Jiajing period, Chaoyang district was changed, and 10 was set as the capital. Xiashan still belongs to the capital of Huanglong. In the 12th year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty, Ji 'an Inspection Department moved to Xiashan (A.D. 1735). In the early years of the Republic of China, Chaoyang withdrew its capital and the county set up nine administrative regions. Xiashan belongs to Chaoyang District 5, and the district is located in Xiashan Market. 1949 after the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), Xiashan is Chaoyang, which is the fifth district. 1956, merger of districts and townships, 1957, establishment of people's commune in Xiashan, 1958, 1984 revocation of communities, 1987 revocation of district establishment of towns. Xiashan Town now governs 36 villages (residences): Xiashan, Shangdongpu, Zhailin, Dongshan, Silian, Yangnei, Dong Tang, Shaxi, Chen Tao, Li Nan, Yiying, Shanwei, Taoxi, Liannan, Xigang, Dongxi, Long Mei, Xin 'an, Huaqiao, Chaodong, Arch Bridge, Industry and Commerce, Chaodong. 7. Economic Xiashan is an important town in eastern Guangdong. During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, Ji 'an Inspection Department moved to Xiashan. During the Republic of China, it was the seat of the fifth district office in Chaoyang County. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Chaoyang County's departments of industry and commerce, taxation, postal services, public security, courts, procuratorates and other departments have set up agencies and branches in Xiashan; China Agricultural Bank, China Bank, China Industrial and Commercial Bank, China Construction Bank, Bank of Communications, distribution, insurance, securities and other financial institutions have set up offices or business offices in Xiashan. In 2003, the division of Shantou City was adjusted. The former Chaoyang City is divided into Chaoyang District and Chaonan District, which are under the jurisdiction of Shantou City. Xiashan became the seat of Chaonan District People's Government and the political, economic and cultural center of Chaonan District. Xiashan is one of the famous hometown of overseas Chinese in Guangdong Province. There are 654.38+million overseas Chinese and compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Xiashan people went abroad to make a living. Through hard work, they succeeded, and many of them became entrepreneurs or celebrities. Overseas Chinese love their motherland and hometown, and have donated more than 200 million yuan to support their hometown to set up welfare undertakings such as school buildings, hospitals, water reform, bridges and roads, and invested in setting up industries, thus making sincere contributions to their hometown's economic construction and social development. Xiashan is known as a "century-old commercial port". Since the Ming dynasty, this has been the commodity distribution center in eastern Guangdong. After the reform and opening-up, the street party and government devoted themselves to implementing the overall planning of Xiashan Town construction, and built more than 10 comprehensive markets such as Xiashan Shopping Mall, South China Trade Plaza, Nanxing, Jinyuan, Xigou and Li Nan, with tens of thousands of shops along the street, with a market area of 654.38+10,000 square meters. There are all kinds of goods in the market. Xiashan has marketing points in large and medium-sized cities all over the country, with more than 50 freight companies and operating networks all over the country. Many enterprises have their own websites and webpages, forming an information-rich and complete market system. Xiashan is one of the "economically strong towns in Guangdong Province". Agriculture mainly grows rice, including sweet potatoes, vegetables, raw oranges, bananas and other crops, as well as aquaculture. Starting from consolidating the basic position of agriculture, Party and government at all levels, in view of the fact that Xiashan is sparsely populated, stabilize the grain planting area, increase agricultural investment, build water conservancy projects, carry out farmland capital construction, carry out high-yield competitions, and scientifically farm fields, so as to realize "Ton Valley Town" every year. Industries include embroidery, tin foil, fireworks, firecrackers, stone carving, wood carving, painting, textile, building materials and other traditional crafts and handicrafts. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, collective enterprises such as woodworking, hardware, plastics, printing and dyeing, textile and processing were developed. After the reform and opening up, Xiashan's advantages in commerce and trade, hometown of overseas Chinese, private capital and private power have been fully exerted. Party and government at all levels guide enterprises to take the right path, run industries, grasp pillars and build brands, and strive to promote the development of private enterprises to a higher level and on a larger scale. There are more than 0/1,000 private enterprises in the whole street, with more than 60,000 employees, forming three pillar industries of fine chemicals, knitwear and stationery, and traditional advantageous industries such as leather plastic products, zipper tapes and electronic appliances. A number of industrial communities such as Xiashan and Shanwei have been built one after another. In 2003, a relatively large-scale industrial park-Xiashan West Economic Corridor was built. The first and second phases cover two industrial functional zones, namely Yiying, Yang Fen, Shang Chen and Industry and Commerce, and now 37 enterprises have settled in Yiying functional zone. The street has a number of high-tech backbone enterprises such as Yaqian, Yajia, Jin Wannian, Xue Rou, Piaona, Hualong and Shuangxiong. While importing a large number of advanced production equipment, private enterprises are linked with institutions of higher learning, hire domestic and foreign scientific and technological talents with high salaries, strengthen workers' technical training, and strive to cultivate brands and strive for famous brands. There are 6,580 registered trademarks, including 4 well-known trademarks in China, 5 famous brand products in Guangdong, and 5 private scientific and technological enterprises in Guangdong. The scientific and technological content of products is constantly improving. In 2008, the local GDP of streets was 3.668 billion yuan; Gross industrial output value115.28 million yuan, industrial and commercial tax 283 million yuan, foreign trade export value 255 million dollars. Creating a good investment environment is the consensus of street cadres. Over the past 20 years, more than 30 cement roads with a width of 12-32 meters have been paved, and the 3.3-kilometer cement pavement of the first phase of Beihuan Avenue with a total length of 8.45 kilometers and a width of 48 meters has been completed. Laying 56 kilometers of water pipelines leading to 60 natural villages; Construction of a 13-floor telecom complex with 3 computer rooms and an installed capacity of 62,000 program-controlled power stations; Two 1 10 kV transmission substations have been built. Large and upscale hotels (hotels) 1 1, including four-star hotels 1 and two three-star hotels; At the same time, it also strengthened the comprehensive management of social security and the management of fire safety. Xiashan Mountain is famous at home and abroad for its attraction and strong radiation. Xiashan has a profound cultural heritage. The famous Liudu Middle School and a number of rural schools with a history of 100 years have precious folk art and cultural heritage. After the reform and opening-up, the party and government in the street and village (neighborhood) raised funds from various parties and were willing to invest in rebuilding Liudu Middle School, set up two complete middle schools in Xiahui and Xiaosheng, and build and rebuild village-level schools. The school's teaching facilities are improving day by day, and the teaching quality is greatly improved. The scores of senior high school entrance examination and college entrance examination are among the best in Chaonan District. Build a cultural palace, a TV turntable, a cable TV station, a nursing home, an elderly activity center and a kindergarten; Organize cultural and sports teams to carry out healthy and beneficial mass cultural activities; Improve the medical, epidemic prevention and health care systems, and have Chaonan District People's Hospital and Chaonan District People's Hospital with advanced medical and health equipment and complete supporting facilities; Strengthen environmental sanitation management, pay attention to greening and beautification, build a new "Xiashan Garden Sculpture", and protect and repair cultural relics such as Xiangfu Tower, Fengquan Rock and Bourne Bridge. Through years of civilization creation activities, Xiashan people have further established social morality, strengthened the concept of legal system and vigorously advocated the new trend of civilization.