Ouyang Xiu (self-proclaimed heir Sun Xiu has the same genealogy as the top scholar Renying Huang):
The grandson of Ouyang Shao, the ancestor of Fujian Ouyang, is matched with Wang's childless son.
Ouyang Youxian II (Prime Minister Ouyang Tong ji zi asked Ji Sun to take Ouyang Youxian as his successor)
Ouyang Cong, the Third History of Jizhou
Ouyang Yan, the fourth history of Wenzhou
Ouyang Changsheng v. Chengguan Town, Boluo County
Ouyang Zhan, teaching assistant of imperial academy Jinshi in the Sixth Tang Dynasty.
In the second year of the seventh Tang Dynasty, the Jinshi shogunate joined Ouyang Xie.
At the end of the Eighth Tang Dynasty, Huichang became a noncommissioned officer Wei Xueshi Ouyang Hao for six years.
Ouyang Chen (Ouyang Jizi) was the ninth promotion officer of Pan Hu Oucuo Jizhou.
Ouyang Zhou, Qian Min Jinshi (four sons of Ouyang Fei)
Zi Jinshi, prime minister poet Ouyang Jiong
Sun Xian and Jinshi Ouyang Lin and Ouyang Pi (Wang Bi) are brothers.
The tenth heir, Quanzhou countryman Gong Jinshi, Gong Shu of Li Guan University of Arts and Sciences, sentenced Ouyang Yan (Pan Huweng's second son, Renda, was the champion of the later Tang Dynasty)
Ou Yangxun, the 11th judge of Liang.
Ouyang Xiu, Secretary-General and Secretary-General of the 12th Taishi.
It is consistent with the historical records of Ouyang Xiu's article "Zushangwei, Gou Jian, whose surname is Huzhou, Zhejiang" found in Diaoyuan Village, Xingqiao Town, Jizhou District, Ji 'an City, Jiangxi Province on October 3, 2006, 5438+0, especially the description of his lineage by Ouyang Xiu, a great writer and politician in the Northern Song Dynasty, and his detailed description of his own lineage (that is, his descendants). Due to his poor family background, he adopted his uncle Ouyang Chenjia as his adopted son in Pan Hu, and his true life experience was revealed to the world, providing a strong and reliable historical basis. This article about Ouyang Xiu's self-reported pedigree was called "Preface of Wenzhong Tongpu" by later generations, and was included in the "Ouyang Gong Tongpu" compiled in the 15th year of Qing Qianlong (AD 175), which was preserved by villagers in Diaoyuan, Xingqiao Town, Jizhou District, Ji 'an City. The full text is 76 1 word, and the inscription is "Xu Xiu, the fourth year of Jiayou (A.D. 1059)".
The preface to the public score in the text focuses on narration, causing discussion, and the brushwork is like running water, in one go. At the beginning, Ouyang Xiu revealed his lineage and surname source: "Ouyang is a descendant. Since Emperor Shao Kang sealed the illegitimate child in Huiji, he established himself as the guardian, and passed it on to his eldest son for more than twenty generations to say that Gou Jian was the King of Yue. Goujian pawn, Wang Zi? Stand up. It passed from V to the king and was destroyed by Chu Weiwang. His descendants were separated from the sea in Jiangnan and were named Ouyang Houting in Chu. The pavilion is now in Wucheng, Huzhou, and later generations thought it was the surname ... "After stating the vicissitudes of Ouyang's life, Ouyang Xiu also introduced the family members who were admitted to the official position at that time:" Since the thirty years of Song Dynasty, my ancestors, uncles and uncles have started from the four scholars. After another 30 years, Xiuhe's son worked together, and Yao became a member of this family. It is thirty years now, and only two people are scholars and officials. "
Thus, the genealogy of Ouyang's family in Gutian, Dong Tian, Renying Huang, the top scholar in Fujian, and Ouyang Xiu's self-reported genealogy discovered in Ji 'an, Jiangxi, completely solved the mystery of Ouyang Xiu's true life story, that is, the life story of his great-grandfather. According to the genealogy of Ouyang Family in Gutian, Fujian Province and the genealogy of Renying Huang, the top scholar in Fujian Province, Renying Huang, a bachelor of cabinet in Duanmingtang, the top scholar in the late Tang Dynasty, was the great granddaughter of Ouyang Zhan, the eldest daughter of Ouyang Fei, and the sister of Ouyang Chen, the four assistants of Tang Kaicheng. Zi Yan, general sentence of Nanjing, Gong Jin NCO School of Arts and Sciences, Gengshennian Township, Nantang Commons, Quanzhou, Fujian; He once co-wrote the preface to Confucian classics with the monk shaman of Kaiyuan Temple in Quanzhou. As a result, the mystery of Ouyang Xiu's great-grandfather's life experience was revealed: Ouyang Xiu, one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, was the direct great-grandson of Renying Huang, the top scholar! The genealogical historical data provided by Ouyang's genealogy in Gutian, Fujian and Renying Huang's genealogy in Fujian have solved the mystery of Ouyang Xiu's great-grandfather's life experience, that is, the mystery of Ouyang Xiu's father and his grandfather's descendants Renying Huang and Ouyang Chen. It should be noted that Ouyang Chen, an official promoted from Jizhou, Jiangxi Province, was originally from Oucuo, Panhu, Jinjiang, Fujian Province, and later moved to Jizhou for official reasons. He is the great-grandson of Ouyang Zhan, the top scholar of imperial academy in the Tang Dynasty, the grandson of Ouyang Xie, the top scholar of the shogunate in the second year of Tang Kaicheng, and the son of Ouyang Kun, a medical scholar who served as a non-commissioned officer in Huichang in the last six years of Tang Dynasty. The eldest daughter of Chou Li, Minister of Industry, has been childless for many years. Renying Huang, the champion of the later Tang Dynasty, was called Renda and Pan Huweng. She is the sister of Ouyang Chen, the eldest daughter of Ouyang Wei, and her son Ouyang Yan, whose real name is Huang, is a tribute scholar in Quanzhou Township. The official College of Arts and Sciences passed the verdict in Nanjing. Because his family was poor and he couldn't attack books at a young age, his nephew inherited his mother's uncle Ouyang Chen's family, but it was redundant in his uncle Ouyang Chen's family and took his mother's surname. As for the second brother, Engong Jingjiang Legion, Ouyang Jun, and Engong Tun's doctor Ouyang Yi were all born to the wife of Ouyang Chen, the daughter of Shangshu, the Ministry of Industry of the Tang Dynasty.
Overview of life
Ouyang Xiu lost his father at the age of four and grew up with his uncle in Suizhou, Hubei. When he was young, his family was poor and had no money. His mother Zheng painted the land and taught him to read. Ouyang Xiu loved reading since he was a child, and often went to the Li family in the south of the city to borrow books and copy. He is talented and studious, and often recites books before copying them. Teenagers, like adults, write poems and essays in complicated ways. Seeing the hope of family rejuvenation, his uncle once said to Ouyang Xiu's mother, "It's really strange that my sister-in-law doesn't care about her poor family and her children! Not only do you start with a gate, but one day you will be famous all over the world. " At the age of ten, Ouyang Xiu learned six volumes from Li Jiade's Collected Works of Mr. Changli in the Tang Dynasty, which he loved very much and laid the seeds for the poetry innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty in the future. Renzong Tiansheng eight years (1030), Jinshi. The following year, he was appointed as an official of Xijing (now Luoyang) and became a close friend of Mei He, exchanging poems with each other. In the first year of Jingyou (1034), the bachelor's college was called, Xuandelang was appointed, and the pavilion was filled for collation. In three years, Fan Zhongyan criticized current politics in the last chapter and was demoted to Raozhou. Ouyang Xiu defended him and was demoted to the county magistrate of Yiling (now Yichang, Hubei). In the first year of Kangding (1040), Ouyang Xiu was recalled to Beijing, and was appointed as the director of the pavilion to collate and compile the Chongwen General Catalogue. Later, he was informed of the suggestion institute. Li Qing three years (1043), was appointed as the right judge, the imperial edict. Fan Zhongyan, Han Qi, Fu Bi and others carried out the "Qingli New Deal", and Ouyang Xiu participated in the innovation and put forward the idea of reforming official administration, military affairs and tribute law. In five years, Fan, Han and Fu were successively demoted, and Ouyang Xiu wrote a letter, claiming to be demoted as the magistrate of Chuzhou (now Chuxian County, Anhui Province). Later, it was changed to Yangzhou, Yingzhou (now Fuyang, Anhui) and Yingtianfu (now Shangqiu, Henan). In the first year of Huang You (1049), he returned to Korea and successively served as a bachelor of Hanlin and a historian. In August of the first year of He Zhi (1054), he studied the Book of the New Tang Dynasty and the History of the Five Dynasties with Song Qi. In February of the second year of Jiayou (1057), Ouyang Xiu presided over the Jinshi examination as a bachelor of Hanlin, advocated plain writing style, and admitted Su Shi, Su Zhe, Ceng Gong and others. It had a great influence on the change of writing style in the Northern Song Dynasty. In June of the third year of Jiayou, Ouyang Xiu became a bachelor of Hanlin and a bachelor of Longtuge. Five years, thanks to the Committee. The following year, he was appointed to participate in political affairs. Later, he successively served as the minister of punishments and the minister of war. For two years (1065), the above post request is not allowed. In the following two or three years, he resigned many times because of being slandered by Jiang and others, but he was not allowed. In the second year of Zong Shenxi Ning (1069), Wang Anshi implemented the new law. Ouyang xiu criticized the young crops law and did not implement it. In the past three years, except for the post of Ambassador to the South Campus of Pacific Insurance Company, he insisted on not accepting it and changed Zhizhou to Cai Zhou (now runan county, Henan Province). This year, it was renamed "Liu Yi Boulder". In June of four years, he resigned as the Prince of Shao Shi. Juzhou (now Anhui Province). On July 23rd, leap five years, Ouyang Xiu died at his home in Shi Wenzhong. Ouyang Xiu Cemetery is located in Ouyang Temple Village, Xixindian Town, xinzheng city. The park has a beautiful environment, with hills in the north and gullies and streams in the south. The cemetery is solemn, with many stone tablets and towering cypresses. After the rain, the sun shines brightly and the fog rises like misty rain. The scenery is spectacular, so it has the reputation of "misty rain in Europe" and is one of the eight ancient scenes in Xinzheng.
[Edit this paragraph] Ideological pursuit
Ouyang Xiu's early political thoughts reflected the interests of the small and medium-sized landlord class and had a clear understanding of the serious economic, political and military crisis at that time. He advocated getting rid of accumulated disadvantages, practicing generosity and simplicity, saving agriculture, and conspiring with Fan Zhongyan for innovation. In his later years, with the improvement of social status, his thoughts gradually became conservative, and he resisted and ridiculed some new laws of Wang Anshi. But more realistically, Sima Guang and others have different attitudes.
Ouyang Xiu plays an important role in the history of China literature. He inherited the spirit of Han Yu's ancient prose movement. As the leader of the poetry innovation movement in Song Dynasty, his literary theory and creative achievements had a great influence on that time and later generations.
In the early Song Dynasty, in the temporarily peaceful social environment, the poetic style advocated by the aristocratic literati group flooded the literary world, which was flashy and meaningless, but it was all the rage. In order to correct the shortcomings of Quincy's style, Ouyang Xiu strongly advocated ancient Chinese prose. He loved reading Han Yu's collected works since he was a child. After he became an official, he personally revised Korean and published it all over the world.
He studied Han Yu's literary view and advocated Ming Dow's practical application. He emphasized the decisive role of Tao in writing and believed that Tao was the content, essence, form and tool of writing. Pay special attention to the cultivation of Taoism, and put forward that "Tao wins, literature is not difficult to come" (answer Wu Chong's Book of Scholars), "The purity of Taoism is based on the truth of China people, the enrichment of China people, and the brilliance of writers" (answer the Book of Ancestors' Selection), and "Scholars should learn from the classics", so that teachers can enrich themselves with "Tao". But he also corrected some of Han Yu's prejudices. In his interpretation of Tao, he regards "things" in reality as the concrete content of Tao. He believes that the reason why learning Tao can't be done is because "indifferent to abandon Pepsi" (Answer to Scholar Wu Chong). He opposes "high words but fresh words" (the same book as Zhang Xiucai). Regarding the relationship between "Tao" and "Wen", he advocated that both "Tao" and "Wen" should be attached to "Tao", rather than "a virtuous person must have words", and cited many examples to illustrate that "a man should not be a man who speaks in poetry and books", pointing out that "words and deeds can be seen in the world." The so-called "keeping your word" means that the content should be true, the language should be literary, and the content and form should be unified. This is Ouyang Xiu's basic argument about creation.
He adopted the spirit of Han Yu's Preface to Literature, strongly advocated simple, neat, smooth and natural writing, and opposed flashy carving and eccentricity. He not only set out from reality, but also set an example with his outstanding creative achievements.
His idea was warmly endorsed by others, such as Mei and others. Later, in the official exam (invigilator), candidates were encouraged to write simple and fluent ancient Chinese. Anything that is empty, flashy or wins by strangeness is excluded. At the same time, he promoted and trained Wang Anshi, Ceng Gong, Su Shi, Su Zhe and other new writers. In this way, the poetry innovation movement he advocated won a decisive victory.
[Edit this paragraph] Applied style
Ouyang Xiu is an outstanding applied writer. He wrote many books in his life, The Complete Works of Ouyang Xiu (China Bookstore, 1986). Owen cited in this paper has 265 1 article and 26 19 practical articles, which shows that his writing is mainly practical articles. He also wrote 74 volumes of History of the New Five Dynasties and 75 volumes of Book of the New Tang Dynasty. He not only made great achievements in applied writing, but also made great contributions to applied writing theory.
Create the concept of practical writing. At present, critics all believe that the word practical writing was first seen in Zhang Kan's Postscript Chen Houshan and Re-appointed School Official Qi Xie in the Southern Song Dynasty: "Four wives and six wives in parallel, especially the application of literary ears." ("Zhuo" Volume 5) Zhang only refers to the language form of "CET-4 and CET-6" in practical writing, but strictly speaking, it cannot be said that the concept of practical writing is clear. Ouyang Xiu in the Northern Song Dynasty wrote in Ci Tang Fu Secrets and Letters from the two academies that in November of the fifth year of Jiayou, he was ordered to be an assistant envoy, and "learning is for the use of literature". Practical writing here refers to the style of official documents. In the same year's History of the Five Dynasties, he described himself as an era in which nothing was useful. After becoming famous, he "can't bear to forget his simple habits, and sometimes he makes mistakes and uses inappropriate words." "Word" is an article. Practical writing here refers to practical writing. It can be seen that Ouyang Xiu defined the concept of practical writing from two aspects: stylistic form and practical nature, and he has regarded practical writing as an independent article genre.
The general framework of applied writing theory is constructed. As mentioned above, he thinks that the essence of practical writing is practical. He praised Su Xun's applied article "Practical and Useful Words" ("Cloth Praises Su Xun"), and Huang's proofreading book commented that "Chinese was sick at that time, not an empty word" ("On Articles and Books with Huang"). Ouyang Xiu is very clear about the practicality of practical writing. He believes that practical writing has three characteristics. One is truth. Ouyang Xiu believes that writing history should be based on "biography and documentary" (Jin Xin Xiu Tang book table). The so-called "documentary" is to praise and criticize good and evil like the Spring and Autumn Annals, "Tell the truth to make future generations believe" (Wei), "Be realistic, don't blame right and wrong, distinguish between good and evil" (Spring and Autumn Annals) and "The book can be true" (Tang Yulu's tombstone). He also believes that imperial edicts "must conform to the discussion of things and please people's feelings" ("On the Imperial edicts of prudence"), which is expressed in today's language, is to conform to reality. Ouyang Xiu advocates the authenticity of practical writing, one for application and the other for inheritance. The second is simplicity. "The words in the imperial edict are pure, profound and simple" (official history), praising the simplicity of the inscription of Confucius and Zhou (the inscription of a captain of Mount Tai in the later Han Dynasty), and the imperial edict should "restore the beauty of simplicity without carving" (on treacherous miscellaneous children), and the inscription should be "concise" (the epitaph of Yin Shilu in the Inner Temple class >) and "documents" The third is dignity. He praised the elegance of Chang Lu's official documents about nine princes and princesses, saying that "each has its own style" (Epitaph of Gong Liu, Bachelor of Jixian College), and "style" refers to the content, which Ouyang Xiu called "general". "It is especially appropriate for public to write letters of patent" (Epitaph of Xie Gongjiang), and praised the letters of patent written by Xie, especially in the Western Han Dynasty. "Style" refers to style. "Textual research on the oath in the canon is pure and profound, and Ding Ning makes a compromise, so there is no style" (Chongwen Official History Class), and "style" refers to style. Ouyang Xiu advocates that practical writing should be general, important and important, and his theory is quite profound.
Ouyang Xiu made great contributions to official documents. He wrote 1002 official documents, and the theory of official documents is also very systematic. The content of the official document "must conform to the agenda and please the people"; It is the first example of Su Shi's reform of parallel prose that it is easy to read in form and adopts the language form of "forty-six" (the preface to Inner Zang). He blamed the shortcomings of his official document on "no invention", "scattered meaning", "inaction" and "sticking to the rules", and advocated that the content should be complete, novel and orderly; The form should be standardized and innovative. According to the writing direction of official documents, he divided them into three categories: "All official business, from top to bottom, is called Fu, and makes inquiries;": From bottom to top, like a shape; When you come, you will be transferred. "(Book with Mr. Chen) He thinks that Fu and Ba are in the next language, and the form is in the upper language, while Diao and Pai are coordinate words; It is also clear that official documents cannot be "applicable to non-public matters". Although Ouyang Xiu didn't define the concepts of "upper writing, parallel prose and lower writing", he laid the foundation for Liu Xizai's classification according to his writing direction. (Excerpted from Applied Writing No.2 1997 Ouyang Xiu's Theory of Applied Literature)
[Edit this paragraph] Literary achievements
Ouyang Xiu's achievements in literary creation are highest in prose. When commenting on his essays, Su Shi said: "On Taoism, it is like Han Yu; In books, it is like Lu Zhi; In the chronicle, it seems like Sima Qian; In poetry and prose, it is very similar to Li Bai. " However, although Ouyang Xiu admired the profundity of Korean and Wang Yang was arrogant, he did not follow suit.
Ouyang Xiu wrote more than 500 essays in his life, each with its own characteristics, including political essays, historical essays, notes, lyric essays and notes. Most of his essays are rich in content, vigorous in momentum, simple in explanation, concise and fluent, narrative and reasoning, beautifully expressed, lyrical in description, fascinating, plain and strange, and new in literature. Many of his political works, such as Ben Lun, Original Disadvantages, Gauss's admonition, Theory of cronies, and History of the New Five Dynasties? Biography of Lingguan, etc. , adhere to their own "Ming Dow" and "practical" ideas, closely linked with the political struggle at that time, criticized the current disadvantages, sharp thinking, lively language, showing a mind to correct the current situation and save the world. He also wrote a lot of lyric and narrative prose, mostly mixed with scenes and swaying. His works, such as Secretly Performing the Preface of Poetry, Preface of Poetry, Preface of Poetry by Su, mourn the old friend and recall the past, which is touching. His works "Fengle Pavilion" and "Zuiweng Pavilion" are written slowly, tactfully and tortuous, with beautiful words and fresh style. In a word, whether it is satirizing the world and stabbing politics, mourning the past, or even visiting the scene in person, it fully embodies his calm, generous and frank artistic personality.
Ouyang Xiu was also a pioneer in the creation of notes in Song Dynasty. His notes include Return to the Field, Pen and Pen. Articles are eclectic, lively and interesting, and often describe details and people. Among them, The Record of Returning to the Field describes the imperial legacy, official system, social customs and anecdotes of literati, and introduces his own writing experience, which is very valuable.
Ouyang Xiu also made great achievements in poetry creation. His poems are mainly influenced by Han Yu in art, and his works such as Stone in Lingxi, Shi Zhuan and Zishiping Song imitate Han Yu's unique poetic style. Other poems are gloomy and dripping with emotion, integrating narration, discussion and lyricism, and their styles are close to Du Fu's, such as rereading Selected Poems of Solitary and Sending Du Qigong to Official. Other works are magnificent and bold, but close to Li Bai, such as "Lushan Mountain in Liu Zhongyun returns to Nankang in the same year". However, most of his works mainly study the characteristics of Han Yu's "writing with poetry", that is, argumentative and prose culture. Although he avoided the dangers of Han Yu with his natural and fluent poetic language, some poems are still too logical and lack vivid images. Some ancient poems are not poetic, but some modern poems are more interesting and meaningful. In content, some of his poems reflect the sufferings of the people and expose the darkness of society, which has certain social significance. For example, in answering Yang Zijing's long sentence of praying for rain, he described the social reality of "the military and horses have not moved, single spark can start a prairie fire" and "the civil office is often empty"; In Eating Bad People, it reveals the unreasonable phenomenon that officials "drink official wine every day, but the people" have no porridge in winter and spring ". However, his purpose in writing these poems is very clear: "Because you give me songs, I take poems as admonitions", in order to persuade the ruling class to cultivate politics and maintain feudal order. He also talks about current affairs in his poems, attacking corrupt politics, such as "Answering the son of a national scholar to comfort the south of the Yangtze River". Others, such as Qu Yu Wang and Qu Yu Re He, show the poet's sympathy for the fate of women and condemn the ignorant rulers for wronged the country. More is to write lyrical works, or fresh and beautiful, or plain and tasteful, to express the poet's life feelings. For example, in "Sleeping at Night in Huangxi", the Three Gorges is dark and full of trees, and the moon is full of Sichuan. In Cao Cao's song, the West Lake comes in spring to send thanks, the snow outside the door disappears, and the riverside flowers bloom in February; In "Thrushcross Birds", hundreds of sounds follow, and the flowers are red and purple; I just know that it is better to be locked in a golden cage than to crow in the forest. Generally speaking, his poetic style is still diverse. Ouyang Xiu is not only good at writing poems, but also has new ideas from time to time. His last work, Poetic Talk (which evolved from a proper name to a literary style, later called Poetic Talk on June 1), is the first poetic talk in the history of China literature. Guo Shaoyu, a descendant, said: "The name of Poetic Talk originated from Ouyang Xiu, that is, the style of Poetic Talk, or it can be said that it originated from Ouyang Yi" (Textual Research on Poetic Talk). Ouyang Xiu's poetry criticism has changed the previous practice of focusing on Lu's comments, important examples, practices or techniques. Instead, it is eclectic and strives for perfection, and comments on poetry in a casual and friendly way, which has become a new form of poetry criticism. When he commented on poetry, although he did not abolish carving, he advocated returning to nature. In Preface to Mei Poetry, he put forward the argument that poetry is "poor before writing", developed the poetry theories of Du Fu and Bai Juyi, pointed out the direction for the development of Song poetry, and had a great influence on poetry creation at that time and later generations. Ouyang Xiu also occupied an important position in the early Song Dynasty. He created many words, most of which are similar to "flower house". The main contents are still homesickness, feelings of parting, drinking drunk songs, cherishing spring and enjoying flowers. He is good at writing landscapes with fresh and light brushstrokes. Thirteen poems "Picking Mulberry Seeds" depict the natural beauty of Yingzhou West Lake. They are quiet, clear and full of emotion, just like elegant landscape paintings. In other words, "apricot blossoms and green hills are scarce, and pedestrians on the hillside rest under the mountain" ("Yulouchun"), "People in the upper reaches of the dike draw boats one by one, patting the spring water on the dike and falling into the sky. Qingyang Building swings "(Huanxisha)," Pingshan railing leans against the clear sky, where there are both mountains and mountains "(Chaozhong Cuo) and so on. , are also good sentences to write about scenery. Because the author is meticulous about things, it seems to be written casually, but in fact it is infinitely vivid. Without perfect works, he can't reach this artistic realm. However, his lyrical words are graceful and touching, with deep feelings and intimate words. For example, the last two sentences of "Walking in the Sand" are "I am far away from sorrow, and the distance is like spring water" and "Spring mountains are everywhere, and pedestrians are more outside". Through the spring water and mountains, I write people from the perspective of thinking about women, which is profound and subtle and gives people a deep feeling. He still has something to say. Although he is old and complaining, he speaks his mind directly, showing his generosity and optimism. There are also some colorful words, although they are written about dating between men and women, but they are also simple and vivid; Of course, there are also some shallow and vulgar works. In addition, Ouyang Xiu also broke the strict metrical form of Fu style and wrote some essays. His famous Ode to Autumn Sound uses various metaphors to describe the invisible autumn sound very vividly, making people seem to be audible. This poem changed the "regular style" of the Tang Dynasty into "prose style", which is of pioneering significance to the development of Fu, comparable to Su Shi's "Red Wall Fu" and has been told for thousands of years.
[Edit this paragraph] Other achievements
Ouyang Xiu's works are numerous, rich in content and remarkable in achievements. In addition to literature, Confucian classics can also adhere to the theories of predecessors and have unique opinions on the study of Poetry, Book of Changes and Spring and Autumn Annals. As a pioneering work, epigraphy has compiled thousands of epigraphy artifacts and inscriptions from Zhou Dynasty to Sui and Tang Dynasties, and written more than 400 articles in ten volumes, referred to as "Collection of Ancient Records", which is the earliest extant epigraphy work. You Wei has made great achievements in historiography. He not only participated in the revision of the 250 volumes of the Book of the New Tang Dynasty, but also wrote the History of the Five Dynasties (the New History of the Five Dynasties), summarizing the historical experience of the Five Dynasties, in order to play a warning role. Ouyang Xiu's calligraphy is also world-famous, and his calligraphy is deeply influenced by Yan Zhenqing. Zhu Yue said, "Ouyang Gong works for others, and if he is a layman, he will be strong."
[Edit this paragraph] Historical position
Ouyang Xiu plays an important role in the history of China literature. He vigorously advocated the poetry innovation movement, reformed the formalism style of writing and poetry from the late Tang Dynasty to the early Song Dynasty, and achieved remarkable results. Because of his great achievements in political status and prose creation, his position in the Song Dynasty was similar to that of Han Yu in the Tang Dynasty, and he was "respected by all the scholars in the world" (Su Shi's Tales of Vulgarians). He recommended and guided Wang Anshi, Ceng Gong, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe and other essayists, which had a great influence on their prose creation. Among them, Su Shi's inheritance and development of the literary style he created is the most brilliant. After the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty, many scholars praised his simple prose style. His writing style has always influenced the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.
In the eighth year of Song Dynasty (1048), the Yellow River was located in Shanghuhou (now the northeast of Puyang, Henan Province), and the river diverted northward, passing through Daming House, Zhou En, Jizhou, Shenzhou, Yingzhou, Yongjingjun and other places, until the Ganning Army merged into the royal river and entered the sea. At that time, due to lack of manpower, it was not closed immediately. In the third year of Emperor Yangdi's reign (105 1), it flowed northward to Guogukou, Guantao. After being blocked for four years, the northbound flow is still not smooth, which has caused a debate about the northbound flow and the restoration of the old road of the eastbound flow. In the second year (1055), Ouyang Xiu strongly opposed the return to Hedong, and even stated the reasons why he could not return to the river. In the first part, he analyzed the grim situation that "there is a great drought in the world, especially in JD.COM, followed by Hebei" and "After Zhou En's war in Hebei, it was followed by a fierce year, and the people went into exile in nine cases out of ten". He thinks that when the country is short of people, the second dredging is not only manpower and material resources, but also a long river of more than 1,000 miles with 300,000 people. Based on his own observation and experience, he first analyzes the law of siltation and overflow of the Yellow River and expounds the reasons why it is not suitable for the Yellow River to return to the river. He said, "The reason why there is no silt in the river. Mud often flows down first, and the downstream mud is high, and the water gradually stops, which is the lower part of the upstream. This trend is also normal. " Then he analyzed the specific situation of JD.COM and Henglong River, and pointed out: "In the Jubilee, the river flowed out of JD.COM, and the water traveled in the so-called old road today. The stagnant water is blocked, but it must be blocked on the roof, and it is found that it is blocked and returns to the old road; A few days later, it was decided by Nantiegou Temple in Huazhou, which is now called Longmen people. In the following years, it was banned and restored. The decision of the king of Chu has been made, but the difference is very small, and it is diverted from the old road. But the water in the old road will eventually clog up, so I decided to stay in Henglong. If so, the river will be blocked and the old road will not be restored. Recovery ultimately depends on the upper level, and the old road is blocked and water cannot flow. When Henglong was decided, the water flowed down, so for more than ten years, the river was not affected. In Li Qing in 1934, the water of Henglong silted up from Haikou, and it was more than 140 miles in Haikou. After that, the swimming, gold and red rivers were silted up again. Dirty is the stem, but it depends on the upper business. However, the old roads of JD.COM and Henglong River are flowing down, silting up the abandoned highlands. JD。 The old path of COM is repeated, and the truth cannot be repeated. It goes without saying that it is easy to know. " At the same time, Ouyang Xiu also believes that the Liuta River, which was discussed by canal division Li Zhongchang, is only fifty paces wide. "It is ridiculous to want to accommodate the water of a big river at fifty paces", and it is asserted that Liuta River "has the name of reducing water in a big river, without reducing disease. Today, there are many troubles in the lower reaches of the river. If they all go back to the river, Binhai, Germany, Bohe and other northern States will be overwhelmed, and the upstream will be in danger of being set by others. This is harmful and useless, and all wise people don't do it. " Ouyang Xiu's performance was not adopted, and the court ordered him to step up his efforts to block the mouth and open the Six Tahes River. In April of the first year of Jiayou (1056), Shang Hu burned his bridges and decided to win again, failing to return to Jiang.
[Edit this paragraph] Comments of later generations
Ou Gong's generation of Confucianism is charming and pretentious. The lyrics are graceful and graceful, and the world is proud of it. Is it a villain or an erotic song? This is a public word. (Preface to Yao Zeng's Yuefu Elegant Ci)
June 1st is beautiful, even better than Sue. (You Zhancheng) Although Ouyang Gong played with fine print, it was a collection of flowers in the Tang Dynasty. (Luo Dajing) In Feng Yansi's ci, the uncle with childlike eyes won his handsomeness, while Ouyang Xiu won his profundity. (Liu Qingxi's "Art Outline", Volume 4) Pingshan Hall has three levels, and half a life is full. I haven't seen an old fairy for ten years, and the dragon and snake fly up the wall. If you want to hang an article, you can still sing willow spring breeze. Needless to say, everything turns empty and dreams without turning your head. (Su Shi's Xijiang Moon)