Quanzhou dialect is a sub-dialect of Minnan dialect, belonging to one of the seven major dialects of Chinese, and was once the representative of Minnan dialect in history. Liyuan Opera and Nanyin, the earliest local operas in southern Fujian, still use Quanzhou as the standard sound. The formation of Quanzhou dialect is closely related to the influx of Han people from the Central Plains into Fujian during the Qin, Han, Jin and Tang Dynasties. Therefore, Quanzhou dialect still retains many phonetic and lexical features of ancient Chinese, just like the "living fossil" of ancient Chinese. Quanzhou dialect is spoken throughout Quanzhou, including Licheng, Fengze, Luojiang, Quangang, Jinjiang, Nan 'an, Shishi, Hui 'an, Anxi, Yongchun, Dehua, Jinmen and Jing Qing Science and Technology Industrial Zone, with a population of more than 7 million. With the development of overseas transportation and foreign trade, Quanzhou dialect has also spread to the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Myanmar, Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries, as well as the island of Taiwan Province Province and Hong Kong and Macao. The main phonetic features of Quanzhou dialect are as follows: one part of the ancient voiced initials becomes aspirated unvoiced, and the other part becomes unvoiced; In ancient times, non-group words were often pronounced as double lip sounds [p] or [ph]; Ancient Chinese characters were often pronounced as [t] or [th]; On the tip of the tongue; There are three nasal vowels [-m], [-n] and [-ng] and [-p], [-t], [-k] and [-? ] four stops; Generally, there are seven tones, the upper tone is divided into yin and yang, and the ancient tone is completely preserved; There is a complicated phenomenon of literature reading, and literature reading and literature reading are systems. The main feature of vocabulary is to retain many ancient words, such as (You), Yi (He), chopsticks, Ding (Guo), Walking (Running), Eating (Eating), Calendar (Calendar), Hen (Hen), Guest (Guest) and so on. Taiwanese is mainly distributed in coastal plains and hilly areas in the north and west of Taiwan Province Province, with a population of about 654.38+0.2 million. There are two dialects in Taiwan Province: Quanzhou dialect and Zhangzhou dialect, which are derived from Fujian Minnan dialect. However, "Quanzhou accent" has a slight advantage, because Zheng Chenggong, who recovered Taiwan Province Province from the Dutch in 166 1, was from Nan 'an County, Quanzhou Prefecture, and most of his soldiers were from Quanzhou. Quanzhou is also the majority of Minnan people who moved to Taiwan Province Province in the early days. Quanzhou is one of the ancestral homes of Taiwan Province compatriots. According to the records of Fujian-Taiwan genealogy, people from Fujian and Guangdong migrated to Taiwan Province Province during the Song and Yuan Dynasties. At the end of Ming Dynasty, Zheng Zhilong exploited Taiwan Province Province, and at the beginning of Qing Dynasty, Zheng successfully recovered Taiwan Province Province, which greatly increased the number of immigrants. Among the immigrants from Chinese mainland to Taiwan Province Province, Fujian people have always been the majority; Among Fujian people, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou are the most popular counties. Lian Heng, a famous historian in Taiwan Province Province, said in the preface of Taiwan Province Language Dictionary: "The language of Taiwan Province Province comes from Zhang Quan, and the language of Zhang Quan comes from China. It has a long history and a long history. " According to the survey of 1926, there are 3.75.110,000 Han residents in Taiwan Province province, of which 3 10/10,000 are from Fujian, accounting for more than 83%. Among them, 44.8% came from counties in Quanzhou, and 35. 1% came from counties in Zhangzhou. Judging from the proportion of people who use Minnan in Taiwan Province Province, at present, there are more than120,000 people who use Minnan on the island of Taiwan Province Province, accounting for about 80% of the province's population. Minnan dialect can be said to be the main dialect in Taiwan Province Province. Taiwanese also includes Quanzhou dialect and Zhangzhou dialect. Among them, "Quanzhou dialect" comes directly from Quanzhou dialect. The consistency between Quanzhou dialect and Taiwan Province dialect is outstanding: both have the characteristics of "simple initials, complex finals and diverse tones"; In terms of vocabulary, the basic vocabulary of dialects is similar; There is no obvious difference in grammar. For example, in Quanzhou and Taiwan Province Province, "rooster" and "sow" are called "chicken horn" and "pig mother", and the order of morphemes is just the opposite of Mandarin. Introduction to Quanzhou dialect culture, historical formation and dissemination, cultural color [1]