First, the economic value of planting grass and raising pigs
1. Nutritional advantages: The cultivated forage grass is rich in vitamins and trace elements, with high protein content, which is beneficial to the absorption and utilization of livestock and poultry.
2. Yield advantage: the annual yield of high-yield forage is 1 0,000 ~ 1 0,500 kg, and the annual dry matter mass is10,400 ~ 2,000 kg, which is higher than that of crops.
3. palatability advantage: when feeding sows, feed raw materials with poor palatability but low price can be used in the diet, which reduces the feed cost, does not affect the sow's feeding of proper amount of green feed during pregnancy, and can improve the litter size and weaning survival rate.
4. Advantages of helping digestion and excretion: crude fiber in feed can reduce the specific reaction behavior of pigs, effectively prevent gastric ulcer, edema and diarrhea in pigs, increase the weight of digestive tract and internal organs, and protect the health of pigs. Feeding pigs with grass can promote the gastrointestinal peristalsis of pigs and play the role of a cleaner for excreting feces.
5. Ecological advantages: Planting grass to raise pigs can alleviate the problem of manure treatment and provide high-quality green feed for raising pigs.
6. Advantages of cooling and heatstroke prevention: Feeding forage grass in summer can reduce the stress of pigs on heat, planting forage grass in the open space of pig farms, reducing the influence of high temperature on pig growth and reducing the production cost increased by cooling measures such as electric fans.
Second, the feasibility of planting grass and raising pigs
1. Pigs are omnivores, which have strong ability to feed and utilize forage, especially the excellent local pig breeds in China have outstanding ability to utilize forage. The nutrients in forage grass can be fully digested and absorbed by pigs, which has high nutritional value. Experiments and production practice show that it is acceptable for pigs to feed green feed for many years. Feeding sows with high-quality forage can meet nutritional needs, increase litter size and improve meat quality by feeding fat pigs.
2. According to the composition of food chain, it is feasible to grow grass and raise pigs. According to the nutritional needs of pigs and the utilization ability of forage, fattening pigs can feed forage 5~8 kg per day, and sows can feed forage 10~ 12 kg without affecting the normal growth of pigs. In general, the yield of grass per mu is about 1000 ~ 15000 kg, and the grass harvested by planting 1 mu can meet the combined feeding of 20 fattening pigs and 10 sows.
3. From the perspective of income, it is feasible to grow grass and raise pigs. Under the current production technology, the feed reward for fattening pigs is generally 3: 1. Feeding 100 kg fattening pigs requires about 300 kg of concentrate. According to the current feed price, the cost is around 780 yuan. Feeding forage instead of concentrate can save concentrate by 20-30 kg and reduce feed cost by 50-50 yuan. If sows feed grass, the utilization rate is high, which can save more feed and greatly reduce the production cost.
It is a good idea to plant grass and raise pigs in places where the supply of concentrated feed raw materials is tight or the concentrated feed is insufficient. In addition to using cultivated land to plant grass and raise pigs, farmers can also use idle land such as farmland and wasteland to plant high-quality forage to develop pig breeding.
Third, the utilization method of forage grass in planting grass and raising pigs
1. Fresh feeding mode of forage grass: the cultivation time of forage grass is selected in spring and summer, such as grain amaranth, aggregate grass, chrysanthemum and other juicy forage grass. The addition of fresh grass accounts for 15%~30% of daily grain, and forage grass 1 mu is allocated for every 10 pig.
2. Utilization mode of adding forage powder to concentrate: cultivated varieties include green grass, Mexican corn, sorghum, etc. Fresh grass can be used in summer and autumn, and grass powder can be added to the diet in winter and spring. The amount of forage powder accounts for 8%~ 15% of the diet, and 0.5 mu of green grass is cultivated per 10 pig.
3. Utilization mode of forage pulping or cutting off silage and concentrate combined feeding: the rest can be directly used in forage season, and silage can be pulped or cut off. In other seasons when silage is scarce, the specific amount of diet can be determined according to the breed, growth stage and physiological condition of pigs.
Fourthly, forage varieties suitable for raising pigs.
1. Forage and vegetables planted for many years. Choose thousands of varieties of Buddha's head with great personal growth potential. Transplant chrysanthemum seedlings in March, with row spacing of 60 cm and plant spacing of 25 cm. 165438+ Chrysanthemum1After mowing in the first ten days of October, transplant vegetables in empty rows, and plant spacing 15cm. In the second year, from June 5438 to March of the following year, the vegetable leaves were picked by peeling and fed to pigs. At the beginning of April, all vegetables were harvested and chrysanthemums were allowed to grow independently. The method of interplanting chrysanthemum with Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica or Russian feed vegetables is similar to that of green vegetables, as long as the row spacing of plants is arranged reasonably and corresponding management measures are taken according to the characteristics of these two grasses.
2. Rotation of bitter vegetables, sweet potatoes and vegetables. Sow bitter vegetables everywhere in March, plant sweet potato seedlings exclusively after clearing bitter vegetable stubble at the end of June, harvest sweet potato transplanted vegetables in May 438+065438+1October in June, and plant bitter vegetables after harvesting vegetables at the end of March of the following year. When feeding, use green feed as much as possible. The total amount of green feed accounts for about 30% of the daily diet. 15-30 kg pigs are fed with 3-5 kg green feed every day, and pigs over 30 kg are fed with 6- 10 kg green feed every day.
V. Pig breeding
1, piglet (7kg-20kg) stage: We should fully supply high-quality and comprehensive piglet compound feed, and on the principle of satiety, the content of protein in the feed should reach above 18% and the content of Ca should reach 0.8%-0.99%. At the same time, it is necessary to supply a small amount of tender stems and leaves of pasture properly, and not to supply them excessively.
2. Middle pig (20kg-60kg) stage: This stage is the most important period to improve lean meat rate, and it is also an important period to save concentrated feed with high-quality pasture and reduce the cost of raising pigs. In this case, the concentrated feed with high protein content can be fed less, and the protein and calcium content in the concentrated feed can be supplemented by adding high-quality forage, and vitamins and minerals can be supplemented. Generally, 4kg-6kg fresh grass or 15 concentrate can be fed every day. (Concentrate preparation: corn 70%, gluten 20%, 10% concentrate or bean cake). The daily feeding amount of concentrate is 1kg- 1.25kg. Generally, fresh grass is fed 30 minutes before concentrate feeding, twice a day.
3. The pig's ability to digest and utilize crude fiber is enhanced, its anti-stress ability and adaptability are greatly improved, and its weight gain speed is fast. At this time, concentrated corn accounts for 80%, gluten accounts for 20%, and there is no need to add concentrated materials. Feed forage or grass powder accounting for 20% of concentrate every 6kg-8kg, feed 1.5kg-2kg in the first half of slaughter every day, and feed 2kg-3kg of raw materials every day.
Six, sow feeding
1, empty pregnancy period: when sows are too thin, more concentrate should be added. Generally speaking, sows are fed 0.5 kg-1 kg concentrate, 8 kg-10 kg fresh grass or 20%-30% corn+10% gluten and 60%-70% forage hay powder every day. After 80 days of pregnancy, the utilization rate of various nutrients in the feed is high. At this time, the embryo grows slowly, which is the best time to preserve concentrate. Feeding is the same as during pregnancy.
2. From 80 days of pregnancy to about 35 days of delivery, sows should appropriately increase the energy and protein in the feed, supplement calcium, add 20g bone meal and 50g fish meal every day, and at the same time increase the concentrate from 0.5kg- 1kg/ day to 1kg/ day, and adjust the high-quality forage to 5kg-6kg/ day. During lactation, the feeding amount of concentrate should be increased and calcium should be supplemented appropriately. Generally, concentrate is fed with 60% corn +30% gluten+10% sow concentrate or 50% corn +30% gluten+18% bean cake +2% bone meal, and the dosage of concentrate is 2.5kg-3kg for 8 kg-65440 days.
3. Generally, the forage for pigs does not need to be chopped or scattered, and can be directly fed. However, some grasses have poor palatability, such as Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica and vegetation. , can be chopped or mixed with concentrated feed.