Zhang Daqian (1899- 1983) was originally named Quan, and later renamed Yu, whose name was Daqian. Born in Neijiang, Sichuan, his ancestral home is Panyu, Guangdong. 19 17 studying in Japan and studying dyeing and weaving in Kyoto. 1965438+After returning to China in 2009, he studied calligraphy and painting with Zeng and Li Ruiqing. 194 1 Go to Dunhuang Grottoes to copy murals. 1949 went to stay in Hong Kong, 1952 moved to Argentina. 1954 moved to Sao Paulo, Brazil. 1956 Travel to Europe and meet Picasso in Nice. /kloc-lived in the United States in 0/969; 1977 returned to Taipei to build the Maya House; 1978 settled in Taipei. He has published a variety of anthologies and works, such as Zhang Dagan's collection of paintings and calligraphy.
Zhang Daqian is good at landscapes, figures and flowers, and his painting skills are internationally renowned. In his early years, he mainly used traditional pen and ink, especially Shi Tao, and his works were confusing. After copying paintings in Dunhuang, the painting style became rich and delicate, and the brushwork was refined in Mo Miao, gaining the essence of literati painting. In old age, the style of painting will change again. Just splash ink with turquoise and ink. Wild and unrestrained, incisively and vividly.
In addition to painting and fine appreciation, Zhang Daqian has a rich collection of books and poems, and his calligraphy is also extremely accomplished. Because he is famous for painting, his calligraphy art is often ignored.
Zhang Daqian's calligraphers studied calligraphy and painting from two famous calligraphers, Li Ruiqing and Zeng Nongzuo, in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, which laid a solid foundation for his future artistic path. Li Ruiqing's "Draft of Qing History" said that "poetry was written in the Han and Wei Dynasties and related to Xie Tao; All the books are ready, especially the seals. " Zhang Daqian has a special liking for Li Ruiqing's calligraphy. With his extraordinary copying ability, he quickly mastered the characteristics and spirit of Li's calligraphy, so that he can copy his books realistically.
After 1930s, Zhang Daqian's calligraphy began to brew changes. On the basis of Li Heceng, he transferred to many teachers, and participated in the brushwork of the famous Huanggu in the Song Dynasty, pursuing the beauty of cutting branches and leaking marks, and formed his own style.
(Zhang Daqian's "Running Script")
(Zhang Daqian and his fourth wife Xu Wenbo)
How fast Zhang Daqian has three wives and a confidante (stills).
In modern times, Zhang Daqian was a master of painting and calligraphy with world influence. Needless to say, his outstanding achievements in creation. Throughout Zhang Daqian's life, he experienced hardships in his early years, and there were countless adult beauties. From his fame at the age of 20 to his death, Zhang Dagan's peach scandal was richer than his picture scroll. Therefore, he won the nickname of "a talented person in painting, a romantic person in ancient times, including Tang Yin, a great talent today". However, it was not until March 2004 that Zhang Daqian's huge landscape painting "The Vast and Youcui Map" was appraised by experts/kloc-Ukiyo-e with a price of more than 0/0 million yuan. An unexposed seal of Mr. Daqian's "Late Autumn" appeared mysteriously, and the shocking Platonic love affair of this romantic genius was finally decrypted.
A kneeling "beauty" is only a sincere confidant.
When Zhang Daqian was 20 years old, he became a monk at Tiantong Temple in Ningbo due to the death of his childhood sweetheart's fiancee. Three months later, he returned to Shanghai. When Zhang Dagan worked hard in Shanghai painting circle, Shi Tao's imitation painting had reached the point where even experts could not identify the authenticity.
At that time, Li Maochang, a wealthy businessman in Ningbo, was also one of the rich people he cheated. When Li Maochang showed his beloved daughter Li Qiujun the "original" she bought in 50 yuan, she said with a smile that the painting was fake. But this painter is extremely talented and will be a great success in the future, which will be epoch-making.
After listening to her daughter's words, Li Maochang really began to look for the master in Shanghai painting, but he was desperately looking for him. What he saw was a charming young man. After listening to each other's narrative, Zhang laughed to thank him for his painstaking efforts in the past two years. He insisted on returning the ocean to the other side. Li Maochang Ocean didn't accept it, but it was given to an open-minded little brother.
Li Maochang invited Zhang Daqian to his home in Ningbo many times. In fact, he meant to let him know his daughter. Li Maochang's daughter Li Qiujun graduated from Shanghai Wuben Girls' Middle School. She has been proficient in piano, chess, calligraphy and painting since childhood, with elegant appearance and gentle personality. She is known as a talented woman. One day, Zhang Dagan came to Ningbo to play at the invitation of Li Maochang. When he was waiting for his host in the living room, he was attracted by a huge lotus picture. A remnant lotus, a bald stem, a pool of mud, elegant and refined, Zhang Daqian breathed a sigh of relief.
Zhang Daqian sighed: "The painting world is really behind the scenes. Look at this picture. The technique is magnificent, but the font is magnificent, and the artistic conception is refined, such as female wind. It really puzzles me. "
Li Maochang smiled and said, "It seems that you like this painting very much, brother. Do you want to meet the host? " Zhang Dagan quickly said, "I don't think it's too late to learn from the master. I just don't know if this "Master Gu Liangtang" is still alive. " Li Maochang told him with a smile that the painter is not only alive, but also can be seen at night.
Zhang Daqian spent a day in anxiety. It was not until the dinner party started that the door of the living room was slammed open. I saw a beautiful young woman standing in the afterglow of the sunset. That woman seems to be running, and her bun is loose. Before I could clean up, my face turned red after running. Li Maochang pointed to her daughter who had not caught her breath and said with a smile, "Qiu Er, this is the incomparable Zhang Daqian you have always admired." After that, he smiled at Zhang Daqian: "Brother Daqian. Have you seen your master? "
After a few seconds, Zhang Daqian finally reacted. He pushed the chair away and ran to Li Qiujun in a few steps. He fell to his knees with a plop, and Japan really shouted, "Zhang Qian, the younger generation of Shu people, has met your master."
A strange relationship began.
Kneeling on one knee, bosom friends hate not meeting or marrying.
After that meeting, under the "matchmaking" of Li Maochang, Zhang Daqian simply set up his own studio in the "Ouxiangtang" in the back building where Li Qiujun lived. These two people are almost inseparable except sleeping in different rooms.
At that time, Zhang Daqian was young, charming and had done many things. Even Li Mao Chang knows this. But only for this third sister, Daqian never dared to cross the line.
In fact, in the past six months, Zhang Dagan has been thinking about a question: "Why did you meet each other late?" It turned out that Zhang Daqian married his mother in his hometown after his cousin died. Desperate, he married a concubine the next year. How can this Miss Li Jiasan condescend to be his concubine?
Zhang Daqian is free and easy by nature. He is not a sentimental person. But he secretly carved the seal of "Autumn Night" behind the third sister.
After meeting Zhang Daqian, Li Qiujun also fell into endless distress: Did she break the routine and let the rich woman condescend to marry a poor scholar as a concubine? Or never cross the line between men and women, and remain brothers and sisters for life? Once. Li Qiujun saw that Zhang Dagan was writing a letter to the wives and concubines in Sichuan, and tentatively told Zhang Dagan that it would be an infinite blessing if he could marry another big lady as his concubine. But after Zhang Dagan listened to Li Qiujun, he stared blankly for a few seconds and sighed. He did not say a word.
The next day, Zhang Dagan came to his studio. For the first time, he closed the studio and wouldn't let anyone in. It was not until the evening that Zhang Dagan opened the door of the studio. When Li Qiujun brought tea, Zhang Daqian was still in the morning posture: it turned out that he had been sitting quietly in the studio all day. I didn't wait for Li Qiujun to speak. Zhang Dagan plopped down on his knees and scared Li Qiujun back half a step. Zhang Daqian said, "Third Sister. I am young and frivolous. But I deeply know that I will live for painting and die for painting in this life. Aside from the affair between men and women, no one in my life is my closest confidante except you. But if I accept you as my concubine, it will humiliate a generation of talented women and I will be damned. "
(Zhang Daqian and Li Qiujun)
Three kneeling places, dust, wax and moss marks, dreams and feelings
From then on, Li Qiujun buried the love of his life in his heart. In front of Zhang Daqian, he didn't talk about marriage, but pretended to be his sister.
In the early 1930s, Li Qiujun followed Zhang Daqian to Shanghai and taught at the National School of Fine Arts. Li Qiujun, as always, took care of Zhang Daqian's daily life and even sewed Zhang Daqian's clothes by hand. When Chang traveled around the world, Li Qiujun simply chose his disciples, and the disciples also addressed Li Qiujun as "Teacher Niang", and Li Qiujun did not refuse. In this way, Li Qiujun never married again.
Fearing that Third Sister would be lonely, on the eve of the Anti-Japanese War, Zhang Dagan gave her own flesh and blood to Third Sister for adoption. Li Qiujun regarded them as his own flesh and blood and devoted himself to education.
Encouraged by Li Qiujun, Zhang Daqian decided to go to Dunhuang to sketch. This trip to Dunhuang had a decisive influence on Zhang Daqian's life. Although Zhang Daqian's arduous trip to Dunhuang was wrongly regarded as "the destroyer of ancient culture", it also established his irreplaceable position in the history of China painting. Even Xu Behong lamented that "too much has happened in the past 500 years". When Picasso read Zhang Daqian's works in his later years, he lamented that "the real art is in the East".
No matter where Zhang Daqian is, he has never broken contact with Li Qiujun: no matter where he goes, whether in Huangshan, Sichuan or Dunhuang, he will write down his artistic feelings and send them to his third sister in the distance to discuss artistic topics with her. They have maintained this communication habit for nearly 40 years. Until Zhang Daqian 1949 went to Southeast Asia and lost contact.
1939. Although the domestic war situation was tense, Zhang Daqian still remembered his third sister who was far away in Shanghai. She and her newly married fourth wife Wenbo flew from Chengdu to Shanghai to celebrate Li Qiujun's 50th birthday. At that time, Zhang Daqian had diabetes. Therefore, every time he eats a dish, Li Qiujun must taste it first. Before leaving, Li Qiujun took Mrs. Wenbo's hand. Give her the recipe I personally wrote for Zhang Daqian and say to her, "Good sister. It's very kind of you to take care of him every day. I just can't! He is a national treasure. Everything must be based on his health! "
During their stay in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Ms. Li Qiujun and Ms. He Xiangning organized a shelter for children suffering from disasters, especially homeless orphans, in occupied Shanghai. While Zhang Dagan misses his third sister in the occupied area. He repeatedly advised her to hurry to her side, fearing that "there will be war and separation of flesh and blood." However, Li Qiujun can't leave Shanghai. On the one hand, she misses her two adopted daughters who are studying. On the other hand, she doesn't want to burden Zhang Dagan's life. 1August, 945, Zhang Daqian, who was far away in Chengdu, could not hide his inner excitement after hearing the news of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. He painted a huge landscape painting "The Vast and Youcui Map" praising the beautiful scenery of the motherland, and stamped it with the seal of "Autumn Night". His seal has two meanings: first, because he knows that this painting will be a masterpiece of his life; Second, I showed it to Li Qiujun in Shanghai one day. Send my thoughts from afar to commemorate my lifelong love. Later, he gave the painting to his friend Xie, hoping that Xie would bring it to Shanghai for exhibition. Li Qiujun can see lovesickness. Unfortunately, before Xie could show this painting, 1952 "There is a verdant landscape in the vast expanse" was confiscated and returned to Mr. Xie until 1984. At this time, Zhang Daqian is already far away overseas. Li Qiujun has never seen this painting in his life.
From 65438 to 0949, Zhang Dagan fled from Southeast Asia to South America, and he missed the love of his life. Every time I go to a country, I have to collect some soil there, then put it in an envelope and write "Three Sisters Show Together". By the time Zhang Daqian died, he had not opened more than a dozen envelopes. Later, in a letter sent to Li Qiujun by Li Qiujun's younger brother in Hongkong, he wrote: "Third sister, I am very sad to hear that you have been lingering on your sick bed recently. The biggest regret in life is that you can't live in the same place but die in the same place. Although you wrote the epitaph with me, I'm really worried about whether we can share the same point after death. Qin Shu of Shushan was deeply loved by countless beautiful women all his life. However, compared with the third sister, Liugong has been eclipsed from generation to generation. Starling still remembers the lovely and delicate appearance when you first met today. Unforgettable It seems that you hated yesterday's separation of the Straits. It is home to the southwest and often says goodbye to the southeast. Dust, wax and moss mark your dreams. "
Zhang Daqian and Li Qiujun haven't seen each other since 1949. When Li Qiujun died, Zhang Daqian was holding an art exhibition in Hongkong. Zhang Daqian was in a trance when he heard the news that his favorite person left first. He can't afford to kneel. I can't eat for days and nights. Since then, he has aged a lot. Disciples around him often hear him say, "Third Sister is alone." Eight years later, Zhang Dagan died. In March 2004, after many twists and turns, Xie's descendants finally auctioned it. After this masterpiece of Zhang Daqian's life surfaced, the origin of Late Autumn was finally decrypted, thus revealing this lost love. (Luo Tianyou)
(Zhang Daqian and girl Chi Chunhong)
Zhang Daqian manuscript
Zhang Daqian's seal script
The vertical axis of Zhang Daqian's seven-character couplet