Wang Mian painted lotus flowers.
Wang Mian painted lotus flowers.
When he was seven or eight years old, his father told him to herd cattle on the ridge, and he sneaked into the school to listen to the students. After listening, I always remember it silently. When he came home at night, he forgot all the cows he was grazing. Wang Mian's father was furious and gave Wang Mian a good beating. After that, he was still like this. His mother said, "The child is so obsessed with reading, why not let him?" Wang Mian ran away from home and stayed in a temple. At night, he sneaked out and sat on the Buddha's lap, holding a book in his hand. By the light of the ever-burning lamp in front of the Buddha, the sound of reading was read until dawn. Most of the Buddha statues are clay sculptures, all of which are ferocious and frightening. Child as Wang Mian is, he doesn't seem to see it. Han Xing of Anyang heard that he was different and accepted him as a disciple, so Wang Mian became a learned Confucian scholar. But when I failed the exam again and again, I set the article on fire.
Wang Mian acts differently from ordinary people, wearing a top hat, green hemp fiber, wooden teeth, carrying a wood blade, singing loudly, and going back and forth in the city. Or riding a scalper and reading with Chinese books, people regard it as madness. The writer Li Xiaoguang wants to be recommended as a government official. He declared: "I have fields to farm and books to read, so I can't stand in court every morning and evening for slavery!" " Then I went to Wu Dong, Huai and Chu, and visited famous mountains and rivers. I traveled to Dadu, and my old friend's secretary Qing Taihua wanted to recommend me to an official position, but I couldn't give up and went back to my hometown. He lived in seclusion in Jiuli Mountain, planted thousands of plums, and built three huts called "Plum Blossom House". He became the owner of the plum blossom house and made a living by selling paintings. He made a boat and named it "Duckweed Pavilion" and put it in Jianhu Lake. Also widely planted plum and bamboo, playing the piano and composing poems, drinking and whistling.
Refuse to be an official
Zhu Yuanzhang pacified five states, captured Yuezhou, stationed in Jiulishan, heard his name, searched for it, set up a shogunate, and granted him advice to join the army, but failed. In the 19th year of Hui Zong in Yuan Dynasty (1359), Zhu Yuanzhang sought the crown by official. Guan refused to become a monk and expanded his room into a Baiyun Temple. Melodic death metal Yu Lanting Zhang Tian Temple.
travel around the world
Wang Mian later traveled to
Wang Mian
Wang Mian
In the north, when Wang Mian saw those domineering rulers, his anger was even more uncontrollable, so he wrote a poem to express his melancholy: "Calling an eagle to make a strong lang sound like thunder, riding a horse with eyes like electricity. Always ignorant and stupid, and arrogant. What did the old Confucianists have knowledge for? Empty refers to the contribution of Yunshan paper. You don't know. Since Zhao Gao became prime minister, my road has withered like a sock line. " ("feeling")
After he returned to the metropolis from Saibei, his thoughts and feelings of loving the nation and the motherland were more vividly displayed. One day, he painted a plum blossom and stuck it on the wall, and wrote a poem saying, "The ice flower is like jade, and the Qiang flute cannot be blown down." (Biography of Poetry in Past Dynasties) said that he did not want to paint for foreign rulers, satirized dignitaries mercilessly, and made the audience shrink their heads and dare not talk, thus hurting the rulers' scars. They wanted to arrest him. In the eighth year of Zheng Zheng (1348), he secretly fled back to the south (The History of Silent Poetry, Biography of Zhang Chen and Wang Mian).
On the way back to the south, the Yellow River burst its banks and the rural houses along the river were flooded. However, regardless of the government, people have to flee everywhere, which is very bleak. Wang Mian saw this situation, the in the mind naturally feel bitter. He said to his good friend Zhang Chen, "The Yellow River flows northward, and the world has been in chaos since then. I have to go back to the south to realize my ambition." (Zhu Yizun's Biography of Wang Mian and Zhuji County Records)
At this time, he heard that Hangzhou friend Lu lived in Luanyang (northwest of Qian 'an County, Hebei Province) and died, leaving two girls and a boy unattended. He went to Luanyang, buried Lu Sheng, brought back two women and a man, and stayed at home. Song Lian's Biography of Wang Mian said that there were servants to support him, but it was these people.
When I passed the Huaihe River, I expressed my feelings that my aloof and upright attitude was contrary to the cruel reality. He wrote in the poem "Returning to the South": "I left the South last year and returned to the North this year. After crossing the Huaihe River, the wine is cheap and the white fish is fat. Who to talk to aboveboard, aloof and aloof. The most pitiful country, down and out, said the military machine. "
This trip made him see through human snobbery more clearly. Knowing that fame has become a flower in the mirror, he changed course and learned from Zhuge Liang's seclusion in Nanyang. He lived in Shuinan Village, Jiulishan, renamed himself "Lao Long" and named the thatched cottage "Geng Du Xuan". I took part in manual labor during the day, planted rice, sorghum and Sang Ma, and painted at night, leading a semi-hungry life of "indifferent to Zhi Ming".
family life
After Wang Mian became Shan Nong, life became increasingly difficult, and the villagers looked down on him, which made him feel sad and even more unbearable. He can't support his parents. He said in the poem "Self-feeling": "The world despises me, so it laughs at me. By the kindness of parents, by the door. My heart is bitter and sad, and my feelings are depressed. Snakes compete in the mountains, and the road is noisy? . The barren forest is setting in the sun, and shame feeds back Wu. Crows are like this. What is my life like? "
Unfortunately, his father died of poverty and disease, and he
Wang Mian
Wang Mian
In addition to grief, he also lived a life of "bitter love for himself, rags and shame on his wife and children". He sent his mother to Shaoxing to recuperate. His friend wrote a book about Li Xiaoguang and wanted to recommend him as a government official. Wang Mian said, "I have land to farm and books to read. Will I send official documents to others? " (Zhuji County Records) Once again refused to serve the ruling class. He has developed a humorous character. His mother wants to go back to her hometown. When he saw Qu Yuan's clothes painted in Chu Ci, he made a tall hat and a wide dress, bought an ox cart, carried his mother, wore a hat and wide clothes, hung wood blade and sang folk songs, and walked through the village, making a group of children laugh with him. He smiled indifferently at them (Song Lian's.
His teacher and fellow countryman Wang Gen spoke highly of his character. Wang Gen personally went to visit his mother, and later Wang Gen made a calibration in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Wang Mian once visited Wang Gen in rags. When Wang Gen met him, he immediately greeted him, gave him shoes and advised him to be an official. Wang Mian just smiled, put down his shoes and left (Zhu Yizun's Biography of Wang Mian).
A few years later, his mother died, and he spent three years in mourning.
Song Lian said, "Returning from Chu Jun to Vietnam means that the world will be chaotic and there will be nothing in the sea, or it will be called madness. Guan said, "If the fool is not me, who should be stupid!" " My wife and children and I are hiding in Jiulishan. Plant three acres of beans, millet times, 1,000 plum blossoms, half peaches and apricots, one taro area, 100 leeks, and use water as a pool to plant more than 1,000 fish. There are three thatched cottages, which are named "Plum Blossom House". "
A few words can show Wang Mian's usual remarks and people's attitude towards him at that time. In Wang Mian's poems, he often criticized the political badness of the Yuan Dynasty, and publicly publicized that the world would be in chaos after his return from a trip to the North. In the eyes of the court, he will definitely think that he is a misleading person and cannot exist. So he wants to live in seclusion in Jiulishan after returning to China, which obviously has something to do with this.
"Hanging nine miles into the city, clip out of Shuangxi. I don't see visitors all the year round, and apes cry all day long. Although the black kite is jealous, the elk is blind. " It can also be seen from these poems that he fled into the mountains because the world was jealous.
Live in seclusion in the mountains
Wang Mian lived in seclusion.
Former residence of Wang Mian
Former Residence of Wang Mian (2 pieces)
My hometown is Shuinan Village, North Jiulishan, Qiao Feng Town, Zhuji City. There are three families in the village who live a hard life all the year round. A stream flows like a belt, and a beautiful mountain stands behind the house. The mountains are covered with bamboo and trees. The mountains and rivers set each other off, with beautiful scenery and quiet environment. As he said in his poem, "There is a river in the green hills, and the window near the river is quiet." He is here to "plant three acres of beans, millet times, half of plum trees, peaches and apricots, and hundreds of leeks in the taro area; Diversion is a pool, and more than a thousand kinds of fish are planted (Volume 10 of the Garden of Zhi Hou). Wang Mian spent most of his life in such a picturesque mountain village. The simple life and quiet landscape gave birth to his character of loving life and working people, and endowed his poetry and painting creation with a strong flavor of life.
Family history editor
Wang Mian's ancestral home is Jing Wang in Kansai (west of Hanguguan). His tenth ancestor was Wang, who served as an official of the Qingyuan Army in the Song Dynasty. Wang has two sons. One is Wang Qi, who used to be an observer in Langzhou. One is Wang Lin, who is a controller. After moving to Zhuji, Wang Lin was the ancestor of Zhuji.
Wang Mian's distant ancestor was undoubtedly a bureaucratic family, but his father who came to Wang Mian became a poor farmer. "Chen Biography" contains: "The father is a farmer and the crown is a family." Wang Mian said in Zhu Zhai's Poems: "Mr. Jiu Li's sideburns are poorer this year than last year. I'm not worried about my clothes. The broken house caused Laura to rain. A few acres of bean sprouts die in summer, and a reed grows in autumn. Knowing each other, there is nothing to say, laughing that Bai Niao is not dead. " (Nine Miles in the Mountain) "I study hard all day and night, and my neighbors despise me for being pedantic and stupid. There is no millet in the broken coffin, and my wife is annoyed. I use Yuzhu as a meal. " ("Crossing the Mountain") "The ancient guests in the south of the Yangtze River have no land, and half a foot breaks the inkstone and loses money. Good mountains and good waters are hard to meet, and the house is thin and desolate. " ("feeling")
Judging from these poems, he personally took part in all kinds of labor. Reading and painting are just some of his spare-time activities, and they are for life. He makes a living by selling paintings and rice, and also pays rent and taxes. He naturally writes poems and paints, and enjoys the bright moon and is disappointed with ordinary literati.
Wang Mian's works
Wang Mian's works
Hate is different. Because "there is no land, no wind and no grass", his life is getting worse every year. There is no cotton wool for winter, and the straw house is unable to be repaired. Crops can't resist drought, and there is no food at home. His wife was hungry and had to pick wild vegetables to satisfy her hunger. In this case, I had to take part in manual labor directly, walk barefoot, farm bamboo, tea, mulberry, hemp and miscellaneous grains to maintain my life. The description of this poor life can be seen everywhere in the relevant descriptions. For example, in Zhu Zhai's poems, there is a description of "poor sleeves and empty pockets". "Coral in the Iron Net" records that "this year is different from last year, with white hair and beard, no foot disease, no hurry, no flattery, no career, no hunger all day long". Despite this tragic experience, he would rather farm and sell paintings for a living than run around begging, which fully shows the indomitable character of an artist.
Dispute editor
Wang Mian was born in the 24th year of Zhiyuan (1287) and died in the 19th year of Zheng Zhi (1359) at the age of 73. Wu Rongguang's Chronicle of Celebrities of Past Dynasties holds this view. Upp also recorded Wang Mian's birthday as July 22nd. Yi Shuo was born in the first year of Yuan Dynasty (1335) and died in the fifth year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1407) at the age of 73.
The fallacy of these two statements lies in putting the date of birth and death of Wang Mian's son Zhou in his father's name. this is
Wang Mian
Wang Mian
Jiang, a close friend, found out, and his views were published in the second issue of Academic Forum 1957. Look at Wang's description written by Lu Sheng again: "Qiao Shan was born in Yuan Qiu on July 22nd, and died on the 13th day of the first month of Dinghai in the fifth year of Yongle, with a life of seventy-three."
Jiang said, "According to the above-mentioned evidence about Wang Mian's date of birth and death, Wang Mian died at the age of 73. In addition, Upp still adopted the date and month in this passage. As for the reason why he changed his age, because his death in Yongle was inconsistent with the general account, he changed his death year to 19, which was occupied by the Ming army, and then extrapolated to 73 years, inferring that he was born in the year of Zhiyuan 24. " What's more, "this groundless statement has been echoed by many people and even quoted by many people. Someone even wrote a commemorative paper on 1935 as the 600th anniversary of Wang Mian's birth.
According to Jiang's opinion, Wang Mian's real date of birth and death should be: "He was born in (13 10) yuan for three years and died in Jihai in the 19th year (1359), which is not bad. Take Wang Shengnian as 25 years, that is, in the third year, Wang Mian was born at the age of 26. " This is the conclusion of Jiang.
From Wang Mian's poem "Self-feeling", "This ambition is really gloomy, and the clothes are mixed with mud. It is right to be born in the third year (13 10).
According to the Chronology of Historical Events at Home and Abroad, since the imperial examination was suspended in the first year of Yuan Dynasty (1335), it was not resumed until the sixth year of Yuan Dynasty. There is a sentence in Wang Mian's poem "Make Friends and Send Military Letters", which means that the imperial examination system will be restored in the sixth year of Zhiyuan (1340). Plain green grass refers to spring, and trying to shoot deer refers to Jinshi. Six years to the Yuan Dynasty. The result of the exam is that if Wang Mian doesn't win, he will burn what he wrote, which means he will never get a better chance. "Thirty Autumn Treading" was written after I failed the exam. In the fifth year of Zhiyuan (1339), Wang Mian was thirty years old. Thirty years from 1339 is the third year (13 10), which is consistent with what Jiang said.
In the 19th year of Zheng Zhi (1359), there was a commotion in the southeast. Zhu Yuanzhang attacked Fang Guozhen, Zhejiang, sent Hu Dahai to attack Shaoxing, stationed troops in Jiulishan, and villagers fled. Wang Mian was unmoved and was ill in bed. He said, "I'm Wang Yuanzhang." The soldiers took him to Hu Dahai in Zhang Tian Temple, and Hu Dahai invited Wang Mian to sit on the table and ask him for advice. Wang Mian said, "The general is wise and far-sighted, so the villagers don't have to say much. Who is convinced by righteousness, who is not convinced, who is convinced by strength? Shaoxing is a place of justice. If you want me to teach you to kill my father, brother and children, you can never do it. You can listen to me and hope to change it right away. If you don't listen, please kill me at once. " Hu Dahai was speechless by what he said, so he had to bow down again and ask Wang Mian not to talk. Wang Mian fell ill the next day and died a few days later. Hu Dahai was buried at the side of Lanting with the title "The Tomb of Mr. Wang" (Zhang Chen's Biography of Wang Mian).
Zhang Chen, Song Lian, Zhu Yizun, Quan and modern scholars have always had different opinions about whether Wang Mian negotiated with Zhu Yuanzhang to join the army in his later years and plotted to capture Shaoxing for the Ming army. Song Lian's Biography of Wang Mian: "When the emperor takes five states, he will attack Yue, seek the crown, set up a shogunate and persuade him to join the army. One night, I died of illness. " (Biography of Wen Yuan in the Ming Dynasty) The Biography of Wang Mian by Zhu Yizun, who participated in the compilation of the Ming Dynasty, denied this statement, saying: "Since Song Lian came out, the whole world has been aiming at' joining the army'. No wonder Guan will join the army one day!" Wang Mian's fellow countryman friend Zhang Chen's Biography of Wang Mian recorded Wang Mian's deeds most concretely, but made no mention of "joining the army". In Textual Research on Wang Mian's Deeds, my best friend thinks: "(Ming Jiang) What Hu Dahai saw when he attacked Zhuji in the first month of 19th year.
Wang Mian's works
Wang Mian's works
Wang Mian. At that time, the matter was reported to the Central Committee, which approved his proposal to join the army. It's a pity that the official document of the Central Committee hasn't arrived in Zhuji, and Wang Mian is already dead. Therefore, Song Lian asked him to join the army. "This is mainly speculation. Comparatively speaking, Zhang Chen's Biography of Wang Mian is the most credible. Therefore, Volume 27 of Zhuji County Records says: "Zhang Chen and Wang Mian are fellow villagers and friends at the same time. Of course, it is more accurate than what Song and Zhu saw and heard, so we should take Zhang as the basis. This crown was carried by Master and died within a few days from Jiulishan to Yinshan Tiantong Temple. Not only have I never been a soldier for a day, but I have never seen Ming Taizu, let alone painted Shaoxing! Crown lives in Jiuli, Zhuji, not Jiuli, Yin Shan, and its owner lives at the foot of the mountain. There are still traces of the camp. See Records of Mountains and Rivers, which is located in Yamanoe and as far away as Lanting. At that time, he was taken from Jiuli to Tiantong Temple for the sake of Master, and he died in a few days. I really haven't been outside Yinshan City, let alone to Wuzhou. Zhu Yu (Zhu Yizun) knows the mistakes made by Song Chuan and spreads them to the History Museum. Wu put forward in The Scholars: "Did Wang Mian work as an official for a day? "This is a fact.
Literary achievement editor
Characteristics of poetry
Wang Mian is a naive person.
Portrait of Wang Mian
Portrait of Wang Mian
Farmers have lived in difficulties all their lives. His poems are full of rebellious spirit, revealing the national contradictions and class contradictions at that time, and showing deep concern for the fate of the motherland and the disasters of the working people.
Most of his poems are included in Zhu Zhai's Poems. "A Concise Catalogue of Siku Quanshu" said: "The crown is crazy, the genius is easy to escape, and its body is vertical and horizontal, so it cannot be confined to norms." Liu Ji once commented on Wang Mian's poems. He said: "When I was in Hangzhou, I heard that Wang Yuanzhang was good at poetry, and all the literati praised him, but I hate not knowing." Only on the first day of Wu Jia (1354) did the poems written by Bird be fully watched. Cover straight without twisting, good quality, luxury without longevity, strangeness without strangeness, knowledge without exaggeration, loyalty to the monarch and love for the people, and the ambition to do everything except evil, are truly seen in the meaning of the word, not in acts, because of great respect. "(Preface to Zhu Zhai's Poems)"
style
Wang Mian
Wang Mian
Wang Mian
His works, such as Ode to the Mirror, Extremely Melody, Mo Mei, Two Rhymes in the Pavilion, Hurting Pavilion Houses, and Jiangnan Women, sympathize with the poor people, despise the powerful, and despise fame and fortune. In addition, there are 3 volumes of Zhu Zhai's poems and 2 sequels. He loved plum blossoms all his life, planted plum blossoms and Yongmei, attacked and painted plum blossoms, and was good at painting bamboo. Those who ask for help will follow them. There is nothing wrong with painting plum blossoms like Yang. Flowers, flowers, lush grass, business is abundant. He is especially good at using rouge as plum bone and has a unique style. It has a great influence on the masters of plum blossom painting in Ming Dynasty, such as Liu, Li, Wang and so on. The surviving paintings include three gentlemen's pictures and memes. Can manage printing, make seals with flower milk stone, and the seal cutting technique is wonderful. There is a biography of Ming history. He was a poet, writer, calligrapher and painter in Yuan Dynasty. He was born in Zhuji, Shaoxing, China. Born in a farmhouse. He lost his father when he was young, herded cattle in the Qin family, painted lotus flowers every day, and studied under the ever-burning lamp of the temple at night. He is knowledgeable, poetic and green. Living in seclusion in Jiulishan, selling paintings for a living. Plum blossom painting takes rouge as the plum blossom bone, or the flowers are dense and numerous, which has a unique style and is also good at writing bamboo stones. He can also carve and use Elaeagnus as printing material. According to legend, he initiated it. He is the author of Zhu Zhai Ji and Poem Inscription.
In the fourth year of Jiaqing, Guo Yu of Yin Shan got a new edition of Zhu Zhai Tu by Wang Yuanzhang, and he was ecstatic. Although it was in autumn and winter, he "looked at it by the light, but he didn't know that mosquitoes were biting and sweating." So he said, "My hometown is Yangtieya and Wangshanlong, and poetry is in the Yuan Dynasty." (Preface to Zhu Zhai's Poems)
The comments of these predecessors are generally realistic. In the history of literature, Wang Mian's poetry is also highly appraised, and it is believed that the poetry of Yuan Dynasty reached its peak in Wang Mian. Here are some selected songs.
(1) Some people sympathize with the sufferings of the working people, such as "Jiangnan people": "Jiangnan people are sincere and pitiful, and the epidemic is even more rampant. The army is stationed in a million, and the rice barrel is worth 3000. Last year I went to farm, and this year I chose Ding Shoubian. The old man was hungry and turned to the ravine, and he was poor. " Regret for the Past: "The year before last, the eldest daughter sold her child last year. They are all forced by official taxes, not by hunger. Cloth wears out grass and clothes, and there is no frost and snow in a winter. These days, young and old are not in groups, and taxes are unknown. "
(2) Those who exposed the tyranny of the ruling class in the Yuan Dynasty, such as Song of Happy Rain.
Statue of Wang Mian
Statue of Wang Mian
To Master Yao: "This year's drought is worth C, and Songkhla is more than one Wan Li. Rice grains are like mercury, and the whole world is half a ghost. There are no clouds in the south and no clouds in the north, and the white fields are like paper. My life is to sit in the ravine and sigh, and there are wolves and tigers walking during the day. "
(3) Some reflect ethnic contradictions. For example, "The Road to Jizhou" reveals the bad behavior of the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty in destroying national culture: "Even if there are good children and grandchildren, they are no different from dogs and pigs. They have all become old men and don't know a word." When the rule of the Yuan Dynasty was about to collapse, he wrote the poem "Hull froze to death under the Great Wall, only then did he believe that there was still a spring in Jiangnan".
(4) Some show his open-minded, aloof and upright mind, such as Lonely Tan Song: "Last night, the frost flew in the summer South China Sea, and the beauty in the mountains was relegated. Get up and rub the house loose, the color will not change as usual. You are generous when you wander around. This thing is a real pillar. Alas, since it is really a pillar, why doesn't the son of heaven be Fu Tang Ming! "
Poets have their own ambitions, and often compare themselves to Zhuge Liang in their poems, such as "The thatched cottage wants to dream of plum blossoms, but suddenly it recalls that there is Wolong in Nanyang", and "There is no Wolong in the thatched cottage recently, and Mo Wen is a hero in the world". He used "loneliness" as a metaphor, which is precisely a sigh of loneliness and pain.