Folk custom is a long-standing historical and cultural heritage phenomenon. It reflects the historical traditions, psychological qualities, moral concepts and values of all ethnic groups to varying degrees, and is an important embodiment of national characteristics and culture.
Folk culture is a distinctive part of * * * culture. It was born in ancient times and has a long history.
In the classification of folk culture, people are used to dividing various forms of expression into material folk culture and spiritual folk culture. * * * Material folk culture mainly includes * * * scenery, architecture, clothing, food, transportation, production and so on. Spiritual folk culture mainly includes literature, art, religion, festivals, weddings and funerals, etc.
Tibetans are the main ethnic group living in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Bonism, the oldest religion in * * *, and Tibetan Buddhism, which dominates the politics, economy and culture of * * *, have penetrated into all aspects of social life, thus forming folk customs and aesthetic tastes different from those of other ethnic groups. The western folk culture is rich in content, and the folk cultural relics are colorful, including costumes, meals, living rooms, weddings, funerals and festivals. All these show us the rich historical and cultural changes and sublimation of Tibetans. Here is a brief introduction to the main contents of western folk culture.
Western pop culture-clothing
Tibetan costume is a long and beautiful cultural landscape on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which contains science and technology, life interest, aesthetic concept, morality and ethics, religious belief and so on, which can be a living fossil for studying the culture of * * *. Due to the different geographical climate and products, it can be said that Tibetan customs are different, the winds of thousands of miles are different, and different regions dress differently, showing colorful characteristics. Tibetan robes are the main costumes of Tibetans. They are all made of materials, woolen cloth, animal fur and other fabrics. It's wide and long and tied around the waist with a belt.
Western popular culture
Kangba clothing in eastern Tibet has a rough atmosphere. It is convenient and practical to wear gold, silver, ivory, coral, agate, jade and other jewelry on the head, neck, ears and hands, and to hang Tibetan knives, ironware, wallets, snuff bottles, sewing boxes and other daily necessities around the waist. The whole costume is heroic and majestic, showing the unruly national character of Kangba people.
Northern Tibet is a vast grassland and sandy Gobi, and sheepskin is the main raw material for making Tibetan robes. This kind of sheepskin robe is wide and heavy, and it can be used as a garment during the day and as a quilt at night. It is with this Tibetan robe that people have resisted the cold climate in the northern Tibetan plateau. Most sheepskin dresses are light-colored, and some have black velveteen edges sewn at cuffs, skirts and hem. In summer, herders wear red tassel felt hats, and their waists are decorated with beautifully made broadswords, snuff bottles, waist knives, muskets and body-expanding symbols. These items are not only the appliances they live on, but also the embodiment of their decoration and wealth.
Sheepskin robe is also the main dress of shepherdess in northern Tibet. Their sheepskin robes are also decorated with red, blue and green velvet strips. Usually, their waists are covered with milk bucket hooks, sewing boxes, grazing whips and other objects. When celebrating festivals, they will also hang necklaces and gold and silver ornaments, comb their hair into locks, and put on woolen cloth or long hair covered with turquoise, shells and silver coins. Against the background of blue sky and white clouds, the whole set of clothes is bright and moving, full of national characteristics.
* * * region has a pleasant climate and has long been the political, religious, economic and cultural center of * * * region. Clothing in this area is famous for its strict norms. * * * Folk women make short-sleeved summer dresses with wool or silk, and wear Tibetan shirts inside. Married women wear colorful dresses woven from various wool or silk around their waists. Wear sheepskin long-sleeved Tibetan clothes in winter and a summer hat. Jewelry includes pearls, corals and turquoise. And all kinds of earrings, necklaces and rings. Hereditary aristocratic ladies wear herringbone pearl beads and pearl crowns, while ordinary ladies can only wear coral beads. As for all kinds of turquoise earrings, brooches and necklaces, they are all worn according to their own financial resources. Ladies in * * * wear jewelry, which is exquisite and small. In summer, men wear robes made of wool or cloth, Tibetan shirts, hats and boots. From the style point of view, aristocratic clothing is not much different from ordinary Tibetan robes, but its texture and pattern are strictly graded, and its social status can be seen from the clothing. * * * Monks have different costumes due to different sects, but the colors of the costumes are roughly the same. Except for the Kagyu Sect, they all wear yellow and red robes.
Western popular culture-diet
Tibetans use wheat, rice, highland barley, etc ...
We also know what the characteristics of Tibetans are. Tibetans are one of the ethnic minorities in China and the aborigines of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Tibetans are cross-border ethnic groups, mainly distributed in China's * * * autonomous region, Sichuan Province (Kangzang Plateau) and Qinghai, as well as in northwest Yunnan and Gannan, Gansu.
Tibetan history is an inseparable part of China history and one of the oldest ethnic groups in China. After the establishment of the Tubo government in the early 7th century, the contact between Tubo and the Tang Dynasty became more and more frequent. From 10 century to 16 century, ancient Tibetan culture flourished. 195 1 year, * * * peaceful liberation.
Tibetans have their own language and writing. Tibetan language belongs to the Sino-Tibetan branch of the Tibeto-Burman language family, which is divided into three dialects: Wei-Zang, Kang and Amdo. The present Tibetan language is phonography based on ancient Sanskrit and western languages in the early 7th century.
Tibetans believe in Buddhism. Buddhism was introduced into * * * from India in the 7th century, with a history of 1300 years. People in Xizang has created excellent national culture and has rich cultural heritage in literature, music, dance, painting, sculpture, architectural art and so on. Tibetan carving skills are superb. In addition, Tibetan opera is unique, and Tibetan medicine is an important part of Chinese medicine.
Known as the "roof of the world", the living characteristics of Tibetans are beautiful and magical, and they are the main settlements of Tibetans. The current population is 1.3 million, and Tibetans account for 95%. Tibetans are one of the ancient ethnic groups in China. According to historical records, as early as the Qin and Han dynasties, Tibetan ancestors lived on both sides of the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River. Because of the vast grassland and rich aquatic plants, animal husbandry is the main production. There are mainly sheep, goats, yaks and cows. Among them, yak is the "boat on the plateau" for transportation, except milk and meat, because it has long hair and is cold-resistant. Agriculture is mainly based on the cultivation of highland barley, as well as wheat, rape, peas and other crops. The costumes of Tibetan men and women are intact. Different regions have different costumes, which is of great value to the study of Tibetan costume culture.
Tibetans have their own language and writing. It belongs to the Tibetan branch of the Tibeto-Burman language family of Sino-Tibetan language family. The use of Tibetan language has strengthened the economic ties between Tibetans and the Central Plains of the motherland. From the tenth century to the sixteenth century, Tibetan culture flourished, and for hundreds of years, Tibetan culture shone brilliantly. In addition to the world-famous two Buddhist books, Ganjul and Danjul, there are also monographs on rhythm, literature, philosophy, history and geography, astronomy, calendar and medicine.
The Tibetan people are warm, cheerful and uninhibited. They live freely, accompanied by singing and dancing. Tibetan folk songs are melodious. Singing is accompanied by all kinds of dances. Beautiful dance and lively rhythm. Among them, tap dance, pot dance and string dance are the most popular.
What is this in Tibetan culture? Sail in memory of the dead
Tibetan food culture
Tibetan food is the floorboard of * * * and the vast number of Tibetan food. Specifically, it should be the floorboard of Tibetan food represented by * * * *.
The development history of Tibetan food culture
In the 6th century, the cooking technology of Tibetan food changed greatly for the first time. Due to the trade between Tubo and the Central Plains and Central Asian countries, a large number of cooking materials and technologies were introduced into * * *, which made the cooking technology of * * * develop, especially Princess Wencheng's entry into Tibet, which opened a precedent for the blending of Tibetan and Chinese food cultures. At this time, people began to pay attention to eating and feeding. Bo Shi, that is, there are many kinds of cooking materials, covering food, livestock milk, vegetables, fruits and other categories; Feeding, "medicine and food are homologous" and "medicine and food are homologous". This fully shows that the medical cause of * * * at that time also made great progress in food supplement. The four medical codes show people the rich resources of cooking materials, and expound the refined pharmacological effects of thousands of protoplants, animals and minerals related to diet from the medical theory. In layman's terms, it is to tell people what to eat, what not to eat and how to eat; Secondly, the entry of Chinese and western elegant food culture gradually led to the rise of medicinal diet, which laid the foundation for the cooking theory of medicinal diet.
* * * The second development stage of Tibetan cooking was18th century, that is, Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty. Banquets in the Qing Dynasty reached its peak, with many kinds, large scale, rich dishes and exquisite cooking, which are difficult to express. At that time, there was the most banquet-"Man-Han Banquet". Later, with the economic and cultural exchanges and exchanges between Tibetan officials and Tibetans, the food culture in the mainland was quietly introduced. At that time, Tibetans called "Man-Han Banquet" "Jia-Liu Sai Juejie", which means eighteen courses of Chinese food. At that time, on the streets of important towns in Tibetan areas such as * * *, Gyangze and Shigatse, all kinds of vegetables, fruits, kitchenware and utensils began to increase, and some relatively simple cooking skills also spread to the people, which effectively promoted the development of * * * cooking skills.
During this period, * * * food culture, which integrates food, entertainment, travel and amusement, began to enter the upper aristocratic families. However, due to specific political, economic, religious, cultural, geographical, transportation, information and many other reasons, whether it is the delicacies in the Central Plains or the western food culture spread from the west to South Asia, North Asia and West Asia, its influence scope is extremely limited, only a few nobles and merchant families know it, while people in the vast agricultural and pastoral areas still rely on primitive and simple cooking methods to pass the long years, and this situation has continued until the 1950s.
* * * The third development stage of Tibetan cooking was in the 1980s. Driven by the reform and opening-up policy, the tourism craze in * * * has made the catering and cooking industry in * * * develop unprecedentedly. On the most basic issues of what to eat, how to cook and how to eat, it began to develop from simple to complex, from rough to fine, from low to high. New raw materials are constantly supplemented, the status of chefs is improved, cooking techniques are constantly exchanged, and even special cooking monographs have appeared. The Tibetan cooking book written by Tsering Qunpei, the Dictionary of Common Tibetan Cuisine published by Qinghai People's Publishing House and the Tibetan cooking book written by Tsering Qunpei, the chef of * * * * * * *, have slowly opened a new chapter in cooking, making * * * a "green food kingdom" famous all over the country and the world, and gradually formed a brand-new food culture.
Four flavors of Tibetan food
There are not many dishes in Tibetan cuisine, whether it is cuisine or pie, but the styles of dishes vary from place to place. A careful study of Tibetan food can be roughly divided into four flavors: Qiang cuisine represented by Ali and Naqu; Wei Tibetan food represented by * * *, Shigatse and Shannan is also called * * * food; Cai Rong represented by Linzhi, Medog and Zimu; There are more than 200 kinds of court dishes represented by the dishes of royal families and governments in past dynasties.
Qiang cuisine refers to the diet in alpine pastoral areas and the flavor in plateau pastoral areas. Its dishes are unique in flavor, single in materials, fresh, light, fresh, sour and fragrant. It has the function of conditioning and adapting to the cold climate in high mountains. The main raw materials are cheese, beef trotters, yogurt and ghee.
Wei Tibetan food refers to the food used in * * *, Shannan, Shigatse and other areas. Mainly in agricultural areas or semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas, it is characterized by a wide range of materials, in addition to dairy products, beef and mutton, there are various crops, so the meat and vegetables are properly matched, and the seasonings are fresh, salty and light. The production methods are also very rich, which are more important than boiling, frying, burning, stuffy and frying. Such as: stewed beef with radish, hand-grabbed mutton, etc. It is famous for Rachel (milk tofu) and raw beef sauce.
Cai Rong refers to the diet in low altitude areas in southeastern Tibet. Made of high mountains ... >>
What are the characteristics of Tibetan life?
Tibetan people's clothing has national characteristics. They usually wear long-sleeved coats, long-sleeved robes and leather boots made of silk and cloth. In order to facilitate activities, they often show their right shoulder or right arm and tie two sleeves around their waist. Tibetan men and women wear braids and men wear them on their heads. Women put their hair in double braids or many pigtails, put them on their shoulders and put beautiful ornaments on the ends of their hair. woman
Tibetans have a unique etiquette-offering Hada. Hada is a special long white towel. When visiting or receiving distinguished guests, Tibetans should present white Hada with their hands to show their respect.
-The life of the political moderator of the Rubik's Cube.
Tibetan customs and costumes are hospitable, drinking wine, singing wine songs and dancing. The basic characteristics of Tibetan robes are to wear lapels and right slits inside, with large waist and long sleeves, and the collar, lapels, cuffs and hem are mostly trimmed with fine wool or colored cloth.
The life characteristics of Tibetans are known as the "roof of the world", which is beautiful and magical, and is the main settlement of Tibetans. The current population is 1.3 million, of which Tibetans account for 95%. Tibetans are one of the ancient ethnic groups in China. According to historical records, as early as the Qin and Han dynasties, Tibetan ancestors lived on both sides of the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River. Because of the vast grassland and rich aquatic plants, animal husbandry is the main production. There are mainly sheep, goats, yaks and cows. Among them, yak is the "boat on the plateau" for transportation, except milk and meat, because it has long hair and is cold-resistant. Agriculture is mainly based on the cultivation of highland barley, as well as wheat, rape, peas and other crops. The costumes of Tibetan men and women are intact. There are unpunished costumes in different regions, which is of great value to the study of Tibetan costume culture.
Tibetans have their own language and writing. It belongs to the Tibetan branch of the Tibeto-Burman language family of Sino-Tibetan language family. The use of Tibetan language has strengthened the economic ties between Tibetans and the Central Plains of the motherland. From the tenth century to the sixteenth century, Tibetan culture flourished, and for hundreds of years, Tibetan culture shone brilliantly. In addition to the world-famous two Buddhist books, Ganjul and Danjul, there are also monographs on rhythm, literature, philosophy, history and geography, astronomy, calendar and medicine.
The Tibetan people are warm, cheerful and uninhibited. They live freely, accompanied by singing and dancing. Tibetan folk songs are melodious. Singing is accompanied by all kinds of dances. Beautiful dance and lively rhythm. Among them, tap dance, pot dance and string dance are the most popular.