201On May 2, 4, a Venezuelan fishing boat caught fire in the Pacific Ocean1770km away from the coast. 1 1 China crew members were trapped on the life raft, and four of them were seriously burned. The parachute rescue team of the US Air Force immediately dispatched two "Fighting King 2" rescue planes, three HH-60 "Paving Eagle" helicopters and 48 people to participate in the rescue.
Basic introduction Chinese name: US Air Force Skydiving Rescue Team mbth: USAF? Pararescue slogan: Give yourself to others' mission that you may survive: the responsibilities, historical evolution, film and television works, training methods, and institutional responsibilities of the rescue organization USAF Pararescue, also known as PJ(Pararescue Jumpers), is one of the special forces of the US Air Force, specializing in humanitarian rescue, and belongs to the US Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC) and Air Force Operations Command (AFOC). They are also responsible for supporting NASA missions and rescuing astronauts after landing. The parachute rescue team of the US Air Force mainly performs tasks with other special forces. Berets with purple characteristics symbolize their professionalism, the sacrifice of their predecessors and the spirit of being willing to sacrifice themselves to save others. At the beginning of 2 1 century, they have become the personnel in charge of battlefield rescue tasks. The soldiers here are practicing their slogan: Let others live with fearless courage and quick and sensitive response. Historical Evolution Although Americans realized the importance of air rescue as early as 1922, the parachute rescue team entered the historical stage during World War II. At that time, the China-Burma-India war zone often needed planes to cross the Himalayas under extremely harsh conditions to deliver goods to China. The US military PBY“Katarina "seaplane rescued the pilot who fell into the water. However, due to weather, machinery and other reasons, it is difficult for many planes to reach their destinations, and pilots have to skydive or land halfway, which is in urgent need of rescue. In this context, the US Air Force began to organize paratroopers to carry out rescue. 1In August, 943, they successfully carried out the first rescue mission. From then on, the parachute rescue team composed of professionals began to grow. As early as the Second World War, the US military had already produced the demand for air search and rescue-especially in the Pacific battlefield and the China-Myanmar battlefield, the crew members who were shot down basically died without rescue. To this end, the US Army Air Force and Navy have invested a lot of manpower and material resources. In the Pacific battlefield, the survival rate of the crew who were shot down rose from 5% to 40% due to the active efforts of rescuers. 1946 In May, the United States set up the Air Search and Rescue Service Team (ARS) to be responsible for air crash search and rescue. From 65438 to 0947, the Army Air Force became the United States Air Force independently, and the size of the air rescue unit under the Air Search and Rescue Service also expanded rapidly. By 1950, air rescue workers have spread all over the US Air Force stationed around the world. During the Korean War, air search and rescue teams equipped with helicopters were active in the front line of the battlefield. By the time of the armistice on 1953, the air search and rescue service team had evacuated more than 8,000 wounded people and rescued more than 0,000 people from enemy-occupied areas. 1946165438+10 In October, a C-53 transport plane carrying US military officers and their families crashed on a glacier at an altitude of more than 3,000 meters in the Swiss Alps on the way from Munich to Marseille. Although the crew survived, the steep mountain made it impossible for search and rescue personnel to transport the injured out by land. Finally, Switzerland ventured to land on the glacier and successfully rescued all the passengers. Alpine search and rescue operations have also become the beginning of modern air search and rescue operations. 1950, the various professional forces of the US Air Force rescue have been integrated. During the Korean War, they evacuated more than 8,000 key wounded and rescued nearly 1000 soldiers from the enemy's rear. During the Vietnam War, paratroopers made outstanding achievements. Nowadays, the mission of parachute rescue team has been greatly expanded. In addition to rescuing the war wounded, it also undertakes various search and rescue tasks under accidents and disasters. They even assisted NASA in searching for and rescuing astronauts returning to Earth. 1964, US military operations in Vietnam escalated, and US military planes began bombing North Vietnam. Due to the wrong strategy and tactics and underestimation of North Vietnam's air defense forces, American aircraft suffered heavy losses. 1966 In March, a HH-43 helicopter of the US Air Force carried a wounded soldier off the battlefield. The guerrilla warfare environment in Vietnam is different from previous wars, and the elusive North Vietnamese armed forces often put the search and rescue personnel themselves at risk. This prompted the US military search and rescue personnel to strengthen their fire attack on the aircraft as much as possible. HH-53 "Green Giant" search and rescue helicopter installed a machine gun at the tail springboard, and the method invented by these frontline soldiers has been used to this day. 1966 In September, an F- 105 fighter-bomber of the US Air Force was shot down north of Hanoi. The pilot parachuted and was finally captured until 1973. A large number of aircraft losses have given airborne rescue teams the best battlefield to display their skills in Vietnam. The Vietnam War greatly promoted the upgrade of US search and rescue tactics. In the middle and late period of the war, the search and rescue operations of the US military are usually fought by large aircraft groups with close cooperation of multiple arms. Because the mission needs to go deep behind enemy lines, members of the parachute search and rescue team sometimes have to face the unfavorable situation of exchanging fire or even siege with North Vietnamese armed forces, so the US search and rescue personnel are trained to fight continuously for 72 hours in the mission area. Another important task of the US Air Force search and rescue forces is astronaut rescue. 1in April, 966, Gemini -8 spacecraft temporarily changed its splash zone from the Atlantic Ocean to Okinawa in the western Pacific Ocean, which exceeded the measurement and control capability of NASA. The 920th Space Rescue Brigade of the US Air Force stationed in the local area was temporarily assigned to undertake the rescue mission, and neil armstrong and David Scott were successfully rescued. 1995, Captain Scott O'Grady of the United States Air Force was shot down by Serb forces while Bohr was driving the F- 16. After hiding for six days, O'Grady was successfully rescued by American search and rescue forces. After Hurricane Katrina in 2005, the US Air Force's 10 1 rescue squadron was rescuing trapped residents from the flood-ravaged urban area. In 20 10, a strong earthquake of magnitude 7.0 occurred in Haiti in the Caribbean, causing social paralysis. The local people were unable to maintain social order and asked for American assistance. The US military quickly dispatched three armed forces to intervene in order maintenance and post-disaster rescue, in which the professional rescue skills of the parachute search and rescue team were brought into play in the operation. The picture shows several parachutists trying to rescue survivors in the ruins of the earthquake. On the battlefield in Afghanistan from June, 5438 to February, 2009, on the plane evacuated to the field hospital, the parachute rescuers of the 66th Expeditionary Rescue Team of the US Army were giving first aid to an Afghan soldier who was injured in military operations. On June 20 10, sergeant Michael Flores of the parachute search and rescue team died in the line of duty. After his body was transported back to China, his comrade-in-arms Sergeant Major Mike maloney paid tribute to his comrades. The scarlet berets on their heads are symbolic ornaments of the parachute search and rescue team, symbolizing the blood sacrifice of comrades-in-arms in previous dynasties. The task of the parachute search and rescue team always goes deep behind enemy lines, so the sacrifice is inevitable. In 20 12, there was a case very similar to the rescue of fishermen in China. At that time, the same fishing boat from China was wrecked on the high seas 1 100 km away from the US coast. The US Air Force dispatched two C-130s and two HH-60s to rescue two burned fishermen. Because of the limited range of helicopters, it is difficult to support the whole range, and fixed-wing aircraft can not hover to accommodate people in distress at sea/on shore. The tactics of the US military are to refuel HH-60 with C- 130, take care of the wounded after arriving at the sea where the ship in distress is located, and then fly back to the base with the refueling support of C- 130. This tactic seems extravagant, but for the air search and rescue team, it is only the most efficient standardized operation process in this kind of situation. Having excellent and reliable flight platforms such as C- 130 and H-60 is also the guarantee for the US search and rescue team to achieve these feats. Relying on this pair of "golden partners", the US Air Force parachute search and rescue team can often go deep into areas thousands of kilometers away from its base to perform tasks, which is beyond the reach of any other country. However, battlefield search and rescue is always the work of the US air search and rescue team. 201On May 2, 4, a Venezuelan fishing boat caught fire in the Pacific Ocean. 1 1 China crew was trapped in a life raft, and four of them were seriously burned. After receiving the distress signal, the US Air Force dispatched two HC- 130J Fighter King 2 rescue planes, three HH-60G Paving Eagle helicopters and 48 people to participate in the rescue. The operation took nearly 1 1 hour and the total voyage was nearly 4,000 kilometers. The fishermen in distress were successfully rescued. The scale of this operation is huge, and the rescue mission is carried out by the parachute rescue team of the US Air Force. 20 14 On May 3rd, the 48th Rescue Squadron of the US Air Force sent paratroopers to land in the sea area after flying for nearly 1 1 hour. Two HC- 130J special transport planes, three HH-60G Paving Eagle helicopters, 10 members of the Guardian Angel Squadron and 38 members of the 48th, 79th and 55th rescue squadrons participated in the operation. Rescuers transferred the injured crew to the helicopter. The US Air Force subsequently confirmed that there were 1 1 China crew members on the life raft, four of whom were burned and two died of their injuries. At present, seven China crew members who are in good health have returned to China on another fishing boat flying the flag of China. Film and television work 20 13, National Geographic magazine produced and broadcast a series of documentaries called "Insider Fighting Rescue", which truly recorded the scene of the parachute rescue team performing tasks in Afghanistan in 20 12. In five months, they carried out 130 missions and saved 108 lives. Training method The parachute search and rescue team is now under the command of the US Air Force Special Operations Command. Search and rescue team members include soldiers, paratroopers, military doctors, water lifeguards and field survival experts. There is no doubt that they are experts in the field of battlefield rescue To become a paratrooper, you must undergo strict screening training. The basic qualifications for joining the skydiving search and rescue team include combat diving school, basic airborne, national certified nurse, field survival and advanced free-fall skydiving. After obtaining these qualifications, you need to go through special parachute search and rescue intensive training. The picture shows a group of parachuting search and rescue team recruits being trained. Instructors spray recruits with cold water taps to hone their willpower. The new team members who have completed the above training are assigned to various search and rescue teams, and the new team members will be trained according to their own mission characteristics. The picture shows the soldiers of the US search and rescue team learning to jump directly into the sea from a helicopter to rescue sailors. According to statistics, the training course of parachuting rescue team lasted 7 1 week. After completing all the courses, an "all-around warrior" was born. After the end of the Cold War, the pressure of combat readiness eased, and the parachute search and rescue team of the US Air Force began to be more involved in humanitarian rescue operations. According to the website of the US Air Force, paratroopers have to endure the most rigorous training of the US military. They are on standby 24 hours a day and respond to the rescue appeal at the first time. In order to save others (regardless of nationality), they "go into the sea" and "fly over the eaves and walk over the wall". They can give their lives and jump into the bullets of enemy camps. The quality of medical care is crucial and reliable. It can be said that they are well-deserved elites: of the 22 US Air Force Cross medals awarded, 12 were awarded to parachutists.