2. Dietary fiber and vitamins should be sufficient: high-fiber foods can slow down the decomposition and absorption of carbohydrates and help balance blood sugar. Because eating less will lead to insufficient supply of vitamins and trace elements, it is advisable to eat more fresh vegetables. Fruit contains more fructose, so it is best to avoid eating it when blood sugar is not well controlled. It can be supplemented by oral multivitamin and mineral tablets (pills).
3. Prevention and treatment of complications: Diabetes is characterized by disorder of fat metabolism, high blood lipid and rapid development of atherosclerosis. The cholesterol content in food must be controlled, generally not exceeding 300mg/ day, which is equivalent to one egg per day. Eat less or don't eat high cholesterol animal fat and animal offal food. Diabetic patients are also prone to renal insufficiency, so urine protein should be checked frequently.
Antihypertensive food is especially recommended.
(1) Celery can be fried or cold, and can be used to treat hypertension and arteriosclerosis. Regular consumption has the effect of lowering blood pressure and calming the nerves.
⑵ Eggplant is beneficial to patients with hypertension, arteriosclerosis, hemoptysis, purple spots and scurvy, and has an auxiliary therapeutic effect.
⑶ Carrots can promote vitamin C, improve microvascular function, increase coronary blood flow, reduce blood lipid and promote adrenaline synthesis, thus lowering blood pressure, strengthening heart and obviously lowering blood sugar.
⑷ shepherd's purse has the effects of regulating spleen, promoting diuresis, improving eyesight, invigorating stomach and detoxifying, and can be used as medicine even with flowers and fruits. It can be used for treating hypertension, fundus hemorrhage, gingival hemorrhage, nephritis edema, and lowering blood pressure.
5] Mussels are mussels, commonly known as watercress.
[6] Seaweed is effective in treating hyperthyroidism; Can lower blood pressure; Conducive to weight loss; Treat constipation.
Peanut used to lower blood cholesterol, lower blood pressure and prevent cerebrovascular diseases.
(8) Persimmons have the functions of clearing away heat, relieving annoyance, quenching thirst and promoting fluid production, and strengthening the spleen. It can also lower blood pressure, which is beneficial to the normal activity of myocardium.
(9) Auricularia auricula has the functions of benefiting qi, cooling blood, stopping bleeding, lowering blood pressure and facilitating defecation. It can prevent platelet aggregation and reduce blood coagulation, reduce the formation of blood clots, and help to prevent and treat arteriosclerosis.
Precautions for diabetic diet:
1, the staple food of diabetics is generally rice and flour, but we prefer coarse grains, such as oats, cereals and corn flour. Because these foods contain more inorganic salts and vitamins and are rich in dietary fiber, they can lower blood sugar and help control blood sugar.
2. The protein source of diabetic patients is soybean and its bean products. On the one hand, its protein is of good quality; On the other hand, it contains no cholesterol and has the function of lowering blood fat, so it can replace some animal foods, such as meat.
3. When diabetics are still hungry during calorie control, they can eat vegetables with less sugar, add some seasonings after boiling with water, and they can eat. Vegetables are essential foods for diabetics because of their high dietary fiber, high water content, low thermal energy and strong satiety.
4. Foods forbidden to eat include: white sugar, red pond, glucose and sugary sweets, such as candy, cakes, jam, candied fruit, ice cream and sweet drinks. In addition, there are potatoes, yams, taro, lotus roots, garlic sprouts, carrots and so on. , containing more carbohydrates, using less after eating or reducing the corresponding staple food.
5. Lard, butter, foreign oil, cream, butter, etc. Those rich in saturated fatty acids are seldom used, so it is better not to use them. Vegetable oil can be used instead of some animal oil. Peanuts, walnuts, sesame seeds and melon seeds also contain a lot of fat. Try not to eat or eat less or reduce oil intake.
6. Egg yolk and viscera of animals such as liver, brain and waist contain quite high cholesterol and should be used as little as possible or not.
7. Fruit contains glucose and fructose, which can raise blood sugar, so when blood sugar and urine sugar are relatively stable, fasting blood sugar.
8. Alcohol, mainly containing alcohol, has high heat production and few other nutrients, so it is not suitable for drinking.
9. In addition to controlling the total calories, the diet of diabetic patients should also be diversified, but due to the limitation of sugar and salt, the taste of dishes is relatively single. In view of this, there are many sweeteners in the market that do not produce heat and do not contain any nutrients, such as stevia and sweet sugar. In recent two years, there is a kind of sweetener, proteoglycan, which is composed of amino acids, has no fever and side effects, and is an ideal sweetener at present, such as Newt sugar, yuanzhen sugar and so on.
10, for insulin-dependent patients, it is also necessary to strictly implement diet control under the guidance of doctors and nutritionists. For obese diabetic patients with hypertension and coronary heart disease, in addition to strict diet control, animal viscera, egg yolk, roe and so on. Animal oils such as butter, lard and butter are strictly controlled, and saturated fatty acids are not good for preventing atherosclerosis.
1 1. For diabetic patients with renal insufficiency, besides controlling the total calories, we should also pay attention to the intake of less salt, no salt or less sodium and less protein according to the condition. Protein's supply should not be too high, avoid soy products. For uremia, a low-protein diet should be adopted. Protein takes about 30 grams a day. Wheat starch should be used as staple food instead of rice, flour and protein to supply high-quality protein, such as milk, eggs and lean meat.
Avoid sweets, fried food, melon seeds, peanuts and animal offal.
1. Avoid high-sugar foods, such as sweets and sweets.
2. Reduce fat intake. Besides limiting animal fat, the daily edible oil should be below 20g.
3. Avoid greasy and fatty foods, such as fried food, melon seeds and peanuts.
4. Avoid foods with high cholesterol, such as animal offal.
5. Choose high-fiber foods, such as coarse grains and vegetables with high fiber content.
6. Eat regularly and quantitatively, just a small amount.
7. Ensure that the intake of protein is basically the same as that of normal people, 1.2g/kg body weight, but not too much.
8. Encourage drinking more water. In the case of good blood sugar control, you can eat a small amount of fruit between meals to reduce the corresponding staple food intake.