People in northern China have a custom. On holidays, we always eat jiaozi. Especially on New Year's Day, when the whole family pays New Year's greetings, they sit around and chat with jiaozi, and they talk about everything, which leads to laughter from time to time. It's fun. "Everyone loves jiaozi, and the New Year's Eve dinner in jiaozi is especially delicious". When people are eating this smooth and delicious water cake, if they know more about its origin, who will not marvel at the pasta garden with a long history in our ancient civilization!
There are many historical records and folklore about the origin of jiaozi.
Jiaozi originated from the ancient trough. As early as the Three Kingdoms period, this kind of food was mentioned in the book Guangya written by Wei. According to textual research, it is a "crescent wonton" from the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty. There is also the Southern Song Dynasty with a history of 1,400 years. According to the historical records of the Qing Dynasty; During the Spring Festival, when we are away from each other, it is like eating a flat food and making a famous slot, which means making friends when we are old. "He added," Every junior high school, rich or poor, uses white flour to wrap jiaozi, which is called sesame seed cake, and it is the same all over the country. A rich family is hidden in gold and silver treasures. If it succeeds, those who have food to support their families will be lucky in the end. "This shows that people eat jiaozi during the Spring Festival, which means good luck to show that they will bid farewell to the old year and welcome the new year. In "Notes on Clear Barn" edited by a close friend Tsui Hark, he said: "There is stuffing in it, or it is called vermicelli-steamed or fried, and the boiled soup is called jiaozi. "For thousands of years, jiaozi, as a New Year's food, has been loved by people and has been passed down to this day.
During its long development, jiaozi has various names, including ancient prison pill, flat food, jiaozi bait and pink horn. In the Tang Dynasty, jiaozi was called "Tang Zhong Prison Pill"; The Yuan Dynasty was called "Shiluojoule"; In the late Ming dynasty, it was called "powder angle"; The Qing dynasty called it "flat grain"—
Now, the north and the south have different names for jiaozi. Northerners call it "Jiaozi". Many areas in the south are called "wonton". Jiaozi has various names due to different fillings, such as pork jiaozi, mutton jiaozi, beef jiaozi, Sam Sun jiaozi, red oil jiaozi, glutinous rice balls, flower jiaozi, fish jiaozi and crystal dumplings. In addition, because of its different ripening methods, it is still fried dumplings, steamed dumplings and so on. Therefore, eating jiaozi on New Year's Day is a good enjoyment in spirit and taste.
There is another folklore about the origin of jiaozi besides historical records. Once upon a time, there was an emperor who cared nothing about state affairs but fun. Treacherous court courtiers were favored, loyalty and righteousness suffered, the country was poor, and the people complained. One day, the treacherous court official Pan Qi, known as Pan Sushui, went to see the emperor and said that he had a good idea to make the emperor live forever. Hearing this, the emperor was full of love. He quickly asked, "What's Pan's magic method? Tell me quickly! " Chi Pan once said, "If people can eat a hundred kinds of meals, they can live a long life. The emperor can order the selection of famous chefs in various places, so as to have three meals a day and eat hundreds of kinds of meals. Isn't that what he wants? " After listening to this, the emperor nodded, that is, issued a notice to recruit the whole country.
Within a few days, many famous chefs from all over the country were sent to Beijing one after another. After the imperial examination, Sue, a high-tech celebrity, was selected. From then on, Su used his superb skills to cook ninety-nine exquisite meals for the emperor, and the emperor was very satisfied. That night, Sue was very happy. I thought, "cook another meal tomorrow morning and you can leave this damned bad king and go home to reunite with your relatives." "But when it comes to cooking, I don't know what to do for the last meal. He thought of suicide, thought of escape, and thought of poisoning the bad king who ate and drank the flesh and blood of the people. When he was sad, he suddenly saw some leftover mutton and vegetables on the food list, so he picked up a knife and chopped the mutton and vegetables together, put seasoning on them at random, made many small horns out of white bread, and then cooked them in a boiling pot as the last meal for the emperor. Sue just sat there waiting to die. Who knows that after eating this meal, the emperor ran into the kitchen in his pajamas and said, "This meal is the best today. What's its name? After listening, Sue sighed for a long time, then looked up and saw this flat food. She casually replied, "This is a kind of folk food-flat food." The emperor left Sue to continue cooking for him. Sheng Qiao was so angry with the greedy bad king that he ran away the next day. Later generations learned to eat flat food in memory of this chef. In this way, it has been passed down from generation to generation and has been passed down to today.
The legend of "getting older and taller"
The legend of "getting older and taller"
During the Spring Festival, many areas in China pay attention to eating rice cakes. The rice cake, also known as "rice cake", is homophonic with "high year by year", which means that people's work and life are improving year by year.
As a kind of food, rice cakes have a long history in China. 1974, archaeologists discovered rice seeds at Hemudu matriarchal clan social site in Yuyao, Zhejiang Province, indicating that our ancestors began to grow rice as early as 7000 years ago. People in Han Dynasty called rice cakes "rice cakes", "fish bait" and "glutinous rice cakes". The ancients also had a development process from rice cakes to rice cakes. In the 6th century A.D., the cookbook Historical Records contained the method of making "white cocoon candy" for rice cakes, which said: "If the rice is cooked thoroughly and hotter than that in Chu Jiu, it must be cooked extremely well so as not to have rice grains ..." That is, after the glutinous rice is steamed, it is boiled into rice and then cut into peach kernels.
The method of grinding rice into cakes is also very early. The Book of Qi Yaomin written by Jia Sixie in the Northern Wei Dynasty can prove this point. The production method is to screen glutinous rice flour with silk, add water and honey to knead it into hard dough, attach dates and chestnuts to the dough, wrap it with bamboo leaves and steam it. This glutinous rice cake has the characteristics of the Central Plains.
Rice cakes are mostly made of glutinous rice flour, which is a specialty of Jiangnan. There are sticky grains such as glutinous rice in the north, and sticky millet (commonly known as millet) was first introduced in ancient times. This shelled millet powder is yellow, sticky and sweet after being steamed with water. It is a delicious food for people in the Yellow River valley to celebrate the harvest. The article "A Brief Introduction to the Scenery of Jingshi" published during the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty recorded that Beijingers at that time would "eat millet cakes and have New Year cakes on the first day of the first month". It is not difficult to see that "rice cake" is a homonym of "sticky cake" in the north.
There are many kinds of rice cakes, such as the white rice cakes in the north, the yellow rice cakes of farmers in Saibei, the Shuimo rice cakes in the south of the Yangtze River, and the red turtle rice cakes in Taiwan Province Province. Rice cakes have different flavors from north to south.
There are steamed rice cakes and fried rice cakes in the north, both of which are sweet; In addition to steaming and frying, southern rice cakes are also sliced and cooked in soup, which is both sweet and salty.
It is said that the earliest rice cakes were used to worship gods and ancestors on New Year's Eve, and later became food for the Spring Festival.
The rice cake is not only a kind of holiday food, but also brings people new hope with the passing of a year. As a poem in the late Qing Dynasty said, "People's hearts are high, and food is harmonious, so that the year is better than the year to pray for the year."
Are firecrackers made of bamboo?
Are firecrackers made of bamboo?
There is a folk saying in China that "open the door and set off firecrackers". That is, when the new year comes, the first thing for every household to open the door is to set off firecrackers to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new.
Firecracker is a specialty of China, also known as "Firecracker", "Firecracker" and "Firecracker". Its origin is very early, and it has a history of more than two thousand years.
Now, most of us think that setting off firecrackers can create a festive atmosphere, is a kind of entertainment in festivals, and can bring happiness and good luck to people. However, if we trace the origin of firecrackers, we will understand the original intention of the ancients to set off firecrackers and its evolution history.
"The Chronicle of Jingchu" said: "On the first day of the first month, chickens crow and firecrackers are set off in front of the court to avoid evil spirits." This record shows that firecrackers were an acoustic tool to drive away plagues and evil spirits in ancient times, which made the custom of setting off firecrackers have a certain superstitious color from the beginning. In fact, this is entirely caused by the misunderstanding of the ancients. According to Nerve, in ancient times, people camped through deep mountains and lit bonfires at night, one for cooking and keeping warm, and the other for preventing wild animals from invading. However, there is an animal in the mountains, which is not afraid of people or fire, and often steals food while people are unprepared.
In order to deal with this animal, people thought of setting off firecrackers in the fire and using the crackling sound of bamboo to drive it away. The animal mentioned here is called "sister-in-law". The ancients said that it can make people cold and hot, and it is ghosts that make people get cold and hot, scaring away mountains, that is, driving away evil spirits and making people lucky and safe.
In the early Tang Dynasty, plagues were everywhere. A man named Li Tian put saltpeter in a bamboo tube and lit it to make it emit louder sound and stronger smoke. As a result, the miasma in Shan Lan was dispelled and the epidemic was stopped. This is the earliest prototype of firecrackers. Later, when gunpowder appeared, people filled bamboo tubes with saltpeter, sulfur and charcoal and burned them, resulting in an "explosion war". In the Song Dynasty, people began to make "guns" (that is, firecrackers) with paper tubes and hemp sticks wrapped in gunpowder. Regarding the evolution of firecrackers, Excellent Popular Arrangement records: "Ancient firecrackers. They are all popular with real bamboo, so Tang poetry is also called explosive pole. Later people roll paper for it. It's called firecrackers.
With the passage of time, firecrackers are more and more widely used, and there are more and more varieties and colors. Liuyang in Hunan, Foshan and Dongyao in Guangdong, Yichun and Pingxiang in Jiangxi and Wenzhou in Zhejiang are the famous "hometown of fireworks" in China. The firecrackers they produced not only sell well all over the country, but also are exported to other countries and regions in the world.
Setting off firecrackers has become an entertainment activity with national characteristics. People not only set off firecrackers to bid farewell to the old year and welcome the new year in the Spring Festival, but also set off firecrackers to celebrate major festivals and happy events, such as Lantern Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, marriage, building houses and opening businesses.
Who is the guardian?
Who is the guardian?
Putting up New Year's pictures on New Year's Eve is also one of the ancient folk customs in China.
The origin of New Year pictures is compiled by scarf door gods. According to Cai Yong in the Eastern Han Dynasty & gt According to records, the earliest New Year pictures in China were named as the legendary figure of Doorman's painting, God sent Lei Yu. Others painted the image of Cheng qin, an ancient warrior, at the gate of the temple, and a tiger at the gate. & lt Jingchu is old, I remember it >> China people say: On the first day of the first month, I was poor, and I drew a towel household in Er Shen, with Shencha on the left and Lei Yu on the right, which is commonly known as the door god. There are almost the same records in ancient geographical works. There were Qin in the Tang Dynasty, that is, there were Weichi Gong, that is, Jingdezhen and Zhong Kui. Most of them are painted on mahogany boards and hung on the door wall, which is intended to eliminate disasters and avoid disasters. Wu mingcheng' en has a story in the> story: once, Emperor Taizong was ill, and he dreamed of hearing ghosts day and night and couldn't sleep well. The next day, he told the ministers that Qin and Weichi Gong, the generals, all dressed up, stayed at the palace gate all night. That night, Emperor Taizong slept well and didn't dream of ghosts. In order to have a good sleep in the future, Emperor Taizong couldn't bear to let two old soldiers stand at the gate of the palace every night.
In the Song Dynasty, with the development of woodcut technology, it gradually evolved into woodcut New Year pictures, which were divided into two types: coloring and color matching. The earliest woodcut New Year pictures are the Song version, which shows Wang Zhaojun, Zhao, Ban Ji and Lvzhu. It is called < < There are three folk woodcut New Year pictures in Tianjin Yangliuqing, Suzhou Taohuawu and Shandong Dongwei County in the late Qing Dynasty, all of which have a history of more than 300 years and occupy an important position in the history of China printmaking. They were first introduced to Japan, Britain, Germany and other countries. Fujian New Year pictures, which began in the Southern Song Dynasty, are popular in Nanyang. Traditional New Year pictures are mostly woodcut watermarks with simple lines, bright colors and lively pictures.
Will you visit New Year?
Will you visit New Year?
New Year greeting is a traditional folk custom in China, and it is a way for people to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new, and express their best wishes to each other.
In ancient times, the original meaning of the word "Happy New Year" was to pay New Year greetings to the elderly, including kowtowing to the elderly, congratulating them on a happy New Year and greeting their lives. In case of friends and relatives of the same generation, you should also salute and congratulate.
New Year greetings usually begin at home. On the morning of the first day, after getting up, the younger generation should first pay a New Year call to their elders, wishing them a long and healthy life and all the best. After the elders worship, they should distribute the "lucky money" prepared in advance to the younger generation. After greeting the elders at home, you should also greet people with a smile when you go out to meet them, and exchange auspicious words such as "Congratulations on getting rich", "Best wishes in the four seasons" and "Happy New Year". Neighbors, relatives and friends also visit each other or invite them to drink and entertain.
Mr. Meng described the cloud of Bianjing in the Northern Song Dynasty in Volume 6 of Dream of China in Tokyo: "On October 1st, Kaifeng House was released for three days, and scholars celebrated each other early." In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, Lu Rong said in Volume V of Miscellanies in the Garden that "on New Year's Day in Beijing, those who cross the road for a few days from the official to Shu Ren are called' Happy New Year'. However, everyone in Shu Ren worships his relatives and friends. The more official contact, the more universal love is not specialized ... ". Gu Tieqing, a Qing man, described in Jia Qinglu that "men and women pay homage to their parents, and the master leads them to visit their neighbors, or sends their children to congratulate them, which is called' Happy New Year'. Even if we don't meet at the end of the year, we will worship each other at this time ... "
In ancient times, the literati in the upper class used the custom of greeting each other with famous cards. Hui Zhou, a poet of the Song Dynasty, said in Qingbo magazine: "During the Song Dynasty, servants were often used to stab people in the name of the New Year." At that time, the scholar-officials had a wide circle of friends, and it took time and energy to pay New Year greetings everywhere. Therefore, some close friends did not go in person, but sent their servants to take a card cut with plum blossom stationery, two inches wide and three inches long, with the recipient's name, address and congratulations written on it. In the Ming dynasty, people visited instead of paying New Year's greetings. Wen Zhiming, an outstanding painter and poet in the Ming Dynasty, described in the poem "New Year": "I don't want to meet each other, but I want to be fluent, and my famous articles are full; I also throw a few pieces of paper at people. The world hates being too simple and not too empty. " The "famous thorn" and "famous divination" mentioned here are the origins of today's New Year cards. New Year cards are used to connect feelings and exchange greetings, which are convenient and practical and still popular today.
From about the Qing Dynasty, the form of "group worship" was added to the New Year greetings. In "Jade Tan with a Side Hat", the Lord of the Qing Dynasty said: "At the beginning of the year, the capital must make regular group worship to unite the friendship of the New Year and show the nostalgia", and "book guests, have a banquet and enjoy the day every year".
With the development of the times, the custom of New Year greetings is constantly adding new contents and forms. Nowadays, in addition to following the previous way of greeting the New Year, etiquette telegrams and telephone greetings have mushroomed.
New Year greetings originated from monsters?
New Year greetings originated from monsters?
In the book Brahma Lu Cong Lu, Chai Kaer said: Men and women take turns to worship their elders, and the master leads the younger generation to worship relatives and friends, or stops sending their children to congratulate them, which is called New Year greetings. It can be seen that among the Han compatriots in cities and towns in China, the traditional custom of paying New Year's greetings has been passed down for a long time: on the first day of New Year's Day, as soon as people get up and wash their faces, they first pay New Year's greetings to their elders at home and then congratulate each other. Some families are led by the same family elders and go door to door to congratulate the younger generation. Up to now, it has developed into several people going to the unit for the New Year, and some people get together to congratulate each other. Anyway. There are various ways to pay New Year greetings. It is not only a form for people to visit each other to celebrate the Spring Festival, but also a means for people to exchange ideas and constantly strengthen unity through festivals. At the same time, it also contains the good wishes of relatives and friends to live in harmony.
So, how did the custom of New Year's greetings come from?
According to legend, there was a monster in ancient times with a big mouth and extremely fierce. People call it evil. On the thirtieth night of the twelfth lunar month, it came out to eat people from door to door. People have to leave the meat outside the door, then close the door and hide at home. Until the first morning, people opened the door to meet each other and congratulated each other for not being eaten by evil. As a result, the wind of New Year greetings has been passed down.
How long is a year?
How long is a year?
What year? Year is the image of drooping ears of grain and a symbol of bumper harvest. The so-called "bumper harvest year".
What year? Nian is a monster. It stays in the deep sea all year round and only climbs ashore on New Year's Eve. As soon as it landed, there were floods everywhere. Later, people put red paper on their doorsteps, lit firewood in the yard, and chopped vegetables and meat with kitchen knives, making a thunderous sound. Scared nian back and fled back to the sea. So on New Year's Eve, there are couplets, lanterns, new clothes, jiaozi and jiaozi, bonfires and firewood at night-this is the New Year.
So how did the ancients celebrate the New Year? Let's listen to this "festival song" first—
23 days of furnace sacrifice,
Twenty-four couplets,
25 make tofu,
Twenty-six years of cutting meat,
…………
The second day kowtows,
Play ball in grade three and grade four,
Jumping monkeys on the fifth and sixth days,
…………
"New Year, and busy for half a year". The ancients were busy celebrating the Year from the twelfth lunar month until Yuan Xiao passed, and the year passed.
The ancients compared the first eight days of the new rectification with six kinds of animals, people and valleys respectively. The first day of the first month is the Year of the Rooster, which is an auspicious day. The ancients used chickens to ward off evil spirits by killing chickens or sticking them on doors. People have been busy celebrating the New Year since New Year's Day. In the Han Dynasty, it was popular to pay New Year greetings. On the first day of the first month, the ministers went to the palace to worship, and the monarch and the minister enjoyed each other. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the official New Year greeting developed into an empty etiquette, which was often "stabbing at the door", whether you know it or not. There are poems as evidence:
I don't want to meet, but I want to talk about it. The famous papers are all us.
I also throw some paper at people. The world is too simple and empty.
In folk beliefs, the first day to the fourth day is the carnival day of the New Year, and it is not until the fifth day that normal life is resumed. The fifth day is also called "breaking the fifth day". The custom activity on this day is to "send the poor", but for businesses, businesses open their doors on the fifth day. The first month's activities did not gradually calm down until 15. ...
How many bars are there in a year?
How many bars are there in a year?
Enter the New Year's Day in the evening and enter the official New Year Festival. From the first day to the fifteenth day, it is considered as the New Year.
The first day, ancestor worship, usually in childhood. Open the door and set off firecrackers to ward off evil spirits. In order to welcome the western gods, the old almanac wrote the direction of the western gods this year and walked in that direction. After dawn, I went to pay New Year's greetings, but I couldn't come over and asked the servant to send a flying sticker, which means a New Year's greeting card. It was there in the Song Dynasty. In Miscellaneous Notes, Fei Biao was sent to the Zhang family, and Wu told his servants to drink and change the label. The earliest Spring Festival couplets were invented by the late Shu ruler Meng Changjun and written on a mahogany board. After the Ming Dynasty, Spring Festival couplets became popular.
On the second day of the New Year's Day, the daughter-in-law went back to her mother's house to call her mother, to offer sacrifices to the northern god of wealth, and to eat Yuanbao soup mixed with it.
On the third day, the mouse can't stay up late because of marriage, so he should sprinkle some salt rice on the ground.
On the fourth day, when God meets God, all earthly gods return to earth to meet God at night.
On the fifth day, we will eat jiaozi as usual. From grade one to grade four, there are many taboos. On the fifth day, the offerings to ancestors will be withdrawn, the garbage can be taken out, the knives and scissors can be moved, and the porridge can be eaten. The shop opens to welcome the God of Wealth. At the end of this important festival.
On the seventh day, People's Day and Children's Day, seven kinds of dishes are cooked into soup. There is a unique clay dog (ancestor is Fuxi) in the temple meeting of Huaiyang ancestral temple in Henan Province. The image is a monkey, which is considered as the earliest ancestor.
On the eighth day of the eighth lunar month, the stars meet and worship the star king. After dusk, light 49 lamps and set up a table (yard) in the world. Lights are scattered everywhere, which is called scattered lights. In old Beijing, you usually go to the six departments of Baiyun Temple.
On the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, the Jade Emperor was born, offering sacrifices to the Jade Emperor and Tianguan.
The 13th to 17th is the Lantern Festival. Thirteen lights are lit under the kitchen, and the lights are turned off for five consecutive nights. After seventeen or eighteen, thirteen lamps were tested, and fourteen lamps were painted to welcome the goddess of the child. The fifteenth day of the first month is the Lantern Festival, and a grand lantern festival is held. The fifteenth day of the first month is also the Taoist Lantern Festival: God bless the people, local officials forgive sins, and water officials slow down. Shangyuan is the birthday of Tianguan in the Central Plains (July
Lights out on the 18th day of the first month, the year is over, and all activities return to normal.
When do you grow one year old?
When do you grow one year old?
The so-called shou sui means that on New Year's Eve, the whole family stays up all night, sitting around the kang, catching up with the old and welcoming the new, and encouraging each other until dawn.
As the saying goes, keeping watch on New Year's Eve has existed since ancient times, from ancient times to the present, year after year. When did shou sui originate? According to Jin Zhou's Zhou Tu Ji, on New Year's Eve, all parties exchanged gifts and said "Happy New Year" to each other. Dinner and wine are invited to say "Happy New Year" to each other; People of all ages get together and say "celebrate the New Year in minutes"; Everyone stayed up all night, waiting for dawn, and they said "keep watch". Song Mengyuan said in "Dream of China in Tokyo": On New Year's Eve, firecrackers are forbidden in the mountains, and the sound is heard outside, sitting around the stove and not sleeping, which is called keeping the year. There are also many descriptions of the custom of observing the age in Tang poetry. Bai Juyi, a great poet, wrote the poem "Looking at the Year among the Guests": Watching the Year, drinking, and homesickness is full of tears. Meng Haoran continued to paint candles with poems, and watched the New Year with a long banquet. In the Song Dynasty, the trend of providing for the aged spread throughout urban and rural areas. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Shi's children didn't sleep, and they got together at night, which also described the scene of keeping old. Visible Shousui has a long history.
How did you spend the Spring Festival in the last century?
Happy 50 th Spring Festival
◎ The first Spring Festival after liberation?
The Spring Festival 50 years ago was unforgettable.
The People's Liberation Army took over the liberated Peiping. People put their heads out, and at first they saw Kuomintang soldiers. They just wanted to retreat, only to find that it was a different defense. Looking at the people's liberation army wearing the "Pingjing" armband, hold your head high and make a dash for the door. People no longer kowtow and say "Happy New Year", "Great joy, relief, good days have finally come", because relief is unusual.
People like to sing songs in the liberated areas in the street, including those women who are never allowed to leave home. The sky in the liberated areas is clear, and Nanniwan and the three major disciplines and eight notices have been sung enough forever. With the liberation, some stereotypes were abolished, and women walked around saying "liberated"!
Although the people who have just been swept away by Kuomintang soldiers have not made any qualitative leap because of liberation, their spiritual pleasure makes them feel that this is the real Chinese New Year. If children make a fuss about New Year's Eve, adults will say, "Next year will be fine, because it has been liberated."
Everyone is spending this "year of liberation" in their own way, and it is a common theme for everyone to enjoy it. The Spring Festival 50 years ago was unusual because of liberation.
What will you eat in 50 years?
Fried Noodles with Meat jiaozi
Children think that "the food is not delicious", and adults say, "Stop it, liberate it, and you will definitely eat something good next year."
"Call 1000, scold 10000, and don't forget the dinner on the evening of the 30th." At that time, a New Year's Eve dinner could make children look forward to a year.
The Spring Festival travel rush of 1949 is quite special. Kuomintang soldiers who were still alive in Peiping raided the homes of ordinary people before they left, but the news of the imminent liberation made everyone try their best to borrow money from rice to reduce their burden. Sometimes I can hear children complaining about "bad food", and adults at home will say, "Stop it, this is the last time. If we are liberated, we will definitely have a good meal next year, and we will definitely get better every year. " The spiritual pleasure brought by "liberation" makes people ignore the lack of material.
Persimmons and radishes must be eaten after the New Year's Eve, which means that everything is safe and you can stay up all night. Because there was no entertainment at that time, everyone continued to eat after the New Year's Eve.
Melon seeds, iron broad beans and soybeans bring the whole family together to grind their teeth and talk while looking forward to the arrival of their children. At this time, you should throw the melon seeds you want to eat on the ground, sprinkle sesame stalks, and crush them together, which means "peace through the years" and "sesame blossoms are getting higher and higher". People especially loved stepping on sesame stalks during the Spring Festival that year, because the days would really be "higher and higher" after liberation.
On the evening of 30th, the first time I packed jiaozi, the streets were full of the sound of chopping stuffing. In fact, not every family could afford meat that year. Make pigeon boxes in old Beijing, spread a cake on mung bean flour, sprinkle with coriander, shredded carrot and shredded water pimple, roll it up, fry it, chop it in vegetarian stuffing and stuff it with meat.
This New Year's Eve may disappoint many children who have been looking forward to it for a year, but the approach of "liberation" makes people feel that this is the best year in their lives.
◎ What do you say in the 50-year New Year?
New joy is replaced by great joy.
All the women took to the streets, paying their respects and saying "Happy New Year, the good days have finally come".
"Great joy, great joy, good days are coming." 1949, people changed the usual "new joy" into "great joy".
In the early morning of the first day, according to the old rules, people must wear robes when they go out to pay New Year greetings, otherwise they will be laughed at. The neighbor said from a distance, "I'm overjoyed, I'm liberated", with a loud voice and full of confidence. "This time is great, the good days are coming."
According to the old principle, women were not allowed to go out from the first day to the fifth day, but after liberation, this discipline was broken, and women took to the streets, greeting each other and saying "Happy New Year, good days have finally come". Men take off their hats and bow, and they are not interested in shaking hands at that time. "Great joy, good days have finally come" is a sentence that people have been saying.
At that time, people's material life should still be described as "poor". The more so, the more you pay attention to auspicious words and truth. Bend your arms inward when you pour water, or you will spill the money. You can't sweep the melon seeds outside the house, but only the innermost corner of the house. Otherwise, if you sweep the money, you will have more taboos. On the evening of 30th, the children in the neighborhood will knock on the door and shout "Send the God of Wealth". At this time, you should give your child some money anyway. "How can the God of Wealth not pick up when he comes?"
1949 During the Spring Festival, people failed to follow this custom: "Twenty-three honeydew melons stick, twenty-four cleaning, twenty-five tofu frying, twenty-six meat stewing, twenty-seven cock butchering, twenty-eight fried dough sticks, twenty-nine couplets and a twist for thirty nights." However, the phrase "great joy, liberation, good days have finally come" overflowed the city of Beiping. Spiritual liberation makes people ignore material poverty for a long time, and the desire for better and better life makes people full of beautiful memories of this turning Spring Festival.
◎ What to buy for the 50-year Spring Festival?
Red ribbon for dancing yangko.
The Spring Festival that year was almost replaced by the liberation of Beiping, and people celebrated liberation more.
1949 At the beginning of the year, the Kuomintang (KMT), which fled hastily with the things of ordinary people, made it impossible for everyone to buy new year's goods one by one.
But after all, it's the Spring Festival and I can't afford to wear new clothes. I dug out the most complete piece from under the box and cooked it with dye to make the patch on the clothes as inconspicuous as possible. It's a joke not to wear robes in New Year's greetings.
It is essential for women to wear red Cui Hua. In previous years, they could go to the temple fair to buy them. This year, the temple fair was not held, but they had to pick two flowers from a pole in Cui Hua.
A feather duster for cleaning the house and paper for sticking windows are all necessary. Spring Festival couplets and window grilles are mostly written at home and cut by themselves. No matter how poor you are, you should squeeze out some money to buy red paper.
That year, firecrackers sold well. We use this to welcome the PLA into the city to celebrate the victory. Many people coming and going in the street are carrying two kicks and hanging whips.
Rice cakes have also become the objects of people visiting relatives and friends, including yellow rice, Redmi and white rice. "A few years ago, I was always looking forward to eating a rice cake, which was higher every year. Now that it is liberated, everyone is taller. "
The red ribbon of yangko became the new year's goods. You don't have to buy food or clothes, but you can't be careless when welcoming the PLA. That year, the Spring Festival was almost replaced by the liberation of Beiping, and people celebrated more for liberation.
The greatest pleasure of the New Year in 50 years.
A live drama written and performed by oneself.
Let people watch it again and again, as if they were rushing to the scene, and they never tire of watching it. They watched it again and laughed again.
It is people's greatest pleasure to take to the streets to welcome the PLA into the city this year.
Men, women and children flocked to the streets to welcome the invisible army into the city. Standing on stilts, twisting the yangko, and desperately singing "The sky in the liberated areas is clear" and "Nanniwan", it seems that it is not enough to sing again and again.
To celebrate liberation, people set off fireworks, and the archway facing the street is the place where fireworks are set off. It was called a box at that time. It seems that people can't stay at home, but have to go out into the street and blend in with the huge ocean of joy. "liberation" makes people walk out of generate, the passion that has been accumulated in their hearts for many years. At ordinary times, housewives who can't go out are also singing loudly and laughing loudly in the street without restraint.
Firecrackers and gongs and drums rang all night. Some girls at home never set off firecrackers. This year, they bought two pendants at home for the first time. "Liberate, change the world and have fun. I have never had such a happy year."
You can see people writing and performing live plays everywhere in the street. Put a plaster on Chiang Kai-shek's face, bend over 90 degrees and hang down his arm. Next to him, he dressed up as an American soldier, wearing a hat with a star-spangled banner, a big suit and something stuffed in his stomach. He pumped up Chiang Kai-shek with a pump and finally straightened up. At this time, the People's Liberation Army came to defeat Chiang Kai-shek and the Americans together. You can see such a live newspaper play everywhere in the street. People watched it again and again, as if they were rushing to the scene, but they couldn't get enough of it. They watched it again and laughed again.
"Liberation" brings people spiritual pleasure and lets everyone know that they can still be so happy in the new year.
The sixties-chaos
Where did you spend the New Year in the 1960s?
Spend the Spring Festival in the vast world.
Having fun on a tense day makes the Spring Festival in the 1960s unforgettable. Coarse grains are hard to see on weekdays, and jiaozi at the New Year's Eve is rich in pink meat, which is particularly fragrant; There is no pocket money on weekdays. Put up a paper lantern and buy a windmill during the Spring Festival. Even if you visit the factory and buy nothing, you can make your children happy for a year. On weekdays, parents and children are isolated and can have a reunion dinner, even if it is only radish and cabbage, which is also a blessing in life.
Collectivity is the characteristic of the Spring Festival in 1960s. Unit invoices for movies, entertainment parties and group worship, unified invoice vouchers for streets, book purchase and cleaning. Pushing open different doors, the dishes on each table are similar, the furniture in each room is similar, people's clothes are similar, and their desire for life is similar.
From 1962 to 1968, when Chairman Mao issued the instruction of "intellectuals going to the countryside", a large number of Beijing youths went to the grasslands in Northeast China, Northern Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia, enjoying the Spring Festival away from their relatives year after year. Neither ice nor entering the wasteland can stop them from discovering and amplifying the subtle happiness in life.
◎ What did you eat during the Spring Festival in the 1960s?
The advantage of festivals is to relieve hunger.
In the Spring Festival menu, housewives can almost put a white figure out of Chinese cabbage.