Usually, the concentration of water and salt in human tissues is 0.9%, that is, 100 ml of water contains 0.9 g of salt. This concentration of physiological saline is called physiological saline in medicine, which is mostly injected into patients in hospitals. But the food we eat and the soup we drink are not of this concentration, and the salt content is many times more than that of human tissues. After these foods are eaten, the salt is absorbed and finally excreted through urination and sweating.
& lt- picture-in-picture advertisement begins-> & lt- Danone draws advertisements in pictures on the main page-> & lt- End of picture-in-picture advertisement-> First, patients with kidney disease, patients with ascites due to liver cirrhosis and patients with heart failure.
Urinating increases the burden on the kidneys. People with kidney disease and poor renal function urinate less, and excess salt cannot be discharged and accumulates in human tissues. In order to balance the two sides of the membrane, they absorb water to dilute these salts. In this way, water accumulates in human tissues, which is the root of edema in patients with kidney disease, so patients with kidney disease can't eat salt, which is known to many people. In fact, patients with ascites due to cirrhosis should not eat more salt, otherwise ascites will be difficult to subside. It is not difficult to understand that patients with heart failure should not eat more salt, otherwise the edema will not subside.
Second, patients with hypertension should not eat too salty.
Patients with hypertension should not eat too salty. There are many pathogenic factors of hypertension, some of which have not been fully understood so far, but what is certain is related to the tension of blood vessels, the stroke volume of the heart and the total blood circulation. High vascular tension, large cardiac output and large blood volume will increase blood pressure. Therefore, before the application of antihypertensive drugs, western medicine used bloodletting therapy to treat hypertensive crisis. Hypertensive patients eat too salty, and a large amount of salt intake first enters the blood pressure circulation through the intestinal mucosa. The salt in the blood is high and needs to be diluted by absorbing water, so people will feel thirsty, so they drink a lot of water. This water enters the blood, which enlarges the blood volume. Then blood pressure will rise. It doesn't mean that patients with hypertension can't drink water, because if there is no excessive salt in the blood, water can't stay in it, and it will soon be excreted in the form of urine through the kidneys, but the situation of high salt in the blood is different. Salt keeps water in the blood and raises blood pressure. Therefore, patients with hypertension should not eat too salty, which is the reason.
China is a country with a large population and high blood pressure. It is estimated that 65,438+00% people in China suffer from hypertension, but many people don't know it. Among people with known hypertension, less than 65,438+00% have good blood pressure control. Except for some people who don't take medicine seriously, quite a few people don't take medicine less, and their blood pressure just can't come down. One of the main reasons is probably eating too salty and eating too much salt.
If hypertension is not controlled for a long time, it will cause complications of heart, brain and kidney. Stroke is a disease that seriously endangers people's lives and health in China, and it is only a brain complication. If it is a single disease, it will be the first serious illness that seriously endangers the lives of our people. The key to prevent stroke is to prevent hypertension. Controlling hypertension and reducing salt intake are urgent tasks for Chinese citizens.
Third, high-salt consumption areas have a high incidence of gastric cancer.
Excessive salt intake is more harmful than hypertension. The incidence of gastric diseases in China is extremely high. It is estimated that at least 20% people in our country suffer from gastritis or duodenal ulcer in their lives. People with epigastric discomfort do gastroscopy, and nine times out of ten it is gastritis. There are many reasons for gastritis and gastric ulcer, such as excessive gastric acid secretion and helicobacter pylori infection. Pathologists divide the causes of gastritis and gastric ulcer into two aspects: the offensive factors are too strong and the protective factors are weakened. On the one hand, hyperacidity and helicobacter pylori infection are the attack factors, while the weakening of gastric mucosal protection factors is another factor. What can the stomach do to protect itself when people are full? The mucous membrane of the stomach secretes a layer of mucus, which is spread on the mucosa to become an excellent protective film.
If the food we eat is too salty, this protective film will be destroyed. There is no need to do experiments. What should I do if I buy a pig's stomach and the mucus inside can't be washed clean? As the old ladies know, salt is washed with water. It's that simple. Salt will destroy the protective film of gastric mucosa and expose it to ups and downs. How can you not get sick? Even carcinogenic factors will come in, and gastric cancer is high in high-salt areas, which is probably the reason.
Salt is indispensable to the human body.
There is a saying in folklore that "seven things to open the door, rice, oil, salt, sauce, vinegar and tea". No matter who lives in this world, rice, oil and salt are indispensable, and the goal of people working day and night is mainly for rice, oil and salt.
The wood has changed. Now we burn coal, gas and natural gas. Rice may not be necessary. Westerners eat bread, and Europeanization of diet seems to be a fashion in the East. Oil, because more and more cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, high-fat diet is the culprit, so people began to fear it. It's just that this kind of salt has been preserved for thousands of years in our nation that pays great attention to food culture, and because it is related to people's livelihood and "food is the most important thing for the people", salt is included in this "food".
Salt is really indispensable to the human body. Otherwise, why do people go to the hospital to "hang salt water" when they are sick? When people can't eat normally, if there is no sugar intake, there may be a "hypoglycemia" reaction: palpitation, shaking hands, cold sweat, and even starvation. If there is no salt intake, there may be "low sodium syndrome", which is characterized by fatigue and abdominal distension. There is also "low chlor-alkali poisoning", which is characterized by vomiting, shortness of breath and even coma. Therefore, just like sugar intake, a certain amount of salt intake is necessary.
In China, people are generally not short of salt, because our diet pays attention to taste. "Salt can keep fresh" means that only by adding more salt can the food taste good. The local folk proverb in Qidong, Jiangsu Province "If you don't eat salt-based soup for three days, your feet will be watery". "Salt base" is a kind of pickles, and "water" refers to weakness under your feet. Actually, it's not just Qidong. We in China have some preferences for pickles, pickles, dried radish and pickled mustard tuber. Of course, there is no harm in eating less of these traditional foods.
Eating too much will do harm to your health!
We are talking about salt. Eating too much salt is harmful to health!
Huang Shiren, the bully landlord, robbed Xi's wine, and Yang Bailao was filled with grief and indignation. He drank a bowl of brine, which was used to pickle pickles, and died. High concentration salt solution can cause gastrointestinal mucosal injury, which can cause acute erosion and bleeding, dehydration of human tissues, and sharp increase of blood circulation, which can cause acute heart failure; There's no reason not to be fatal.
In order to illustrate the influence of salt on health, let's do an experiment: put salt water in a casing (for sausages), tie both ends tightly, and then put it in a glass of clear water. It won't take long for this glass of clear water to become salty. Finally, water inside and outside the casing is the same, and vice versa. Put water in the casing, and then put a glass of salt water, and finally the water in the casing will be salty. It turns out that this casing is a semi-permeable membrane. Of course, the meat inside won't come out, but the salt inside will come out. This is the principle of osmotic pressure in physics. When the concentration of substances in the solution on both sides of the membrane is different, the permeability of the membrane is open until the concentration of substances in the solution on both sides reaches equilibrium.
How much is just right?
There is no doubt that eating too salty affects health. Salt is one of the essential foods for human body, so how much should I eat to meet the health requirements? The nutritionist's suggestion is 5 grams per person per day, a family of three people per day 15 grams, and it should be 450 grams for 30 days a month. But it should be noted that there is salt in soy sauce, salt in pickles, and a salted duck egg in the morning. The salt here cannot be ignored. Therefore, it is really difficult for the general public to master 5 grams of salt a day. Even nutritionists may not be able to turn their kitchens into chemical laboratories to determine how much salt they can only eat a day.
However, the Nutrition Society of China made a survey, which is of reference value. According to the survey, people in northern China consume about 15 ~ 18g of salt every day, while people in southern China consume about 10 ~ 12g of salt every day. It's simple. It seems that comrades in the north will reduce their salt intake by two-thirds, while compatriots in the south will reduce their salt intake by 1/2. Although it is not accurate, it is generally available.
The next question is back to the problem of "tasteless", but I think it is a habit to eat salty and light. For the sake of health, we should change our habits. For example, Cantonese cuisine is weak, and now it has become popular all over the country, and northern compatriots are also very happy to eat Cantonese cuisine. It shows that light is not necessarily "tasteless", but you can still work hard on cooking.
Archives of famous doctors
Yang Binghui, professor of internal medicine and doctoral supervisor of Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, is the chief expert of national health education. Former Dean of Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, mainly engaged in clinical research of liver cancer for nearly 30 years, focusing on early detection of liver cancer. He once presided over the "Eighth Five-Year Plan" scientific and technological research project of the State Science and Technology Commission, was one of the main founders of liver cancer screening in China, and was responsible for compiling the technical scheme of liver cancer screening in China.
[This post was edited by the author on 2005-11-29 9: 46: 45]
2005- 1 1-29 09:46
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