The Old Yellow River Bird Wetland National Nature Reserve in northern Henan Province is located in the east of Xinxiang City, Henan Province, bordering Weihui City and Yanjin County, the Yellow River beach and Houhe depression in fengqiu county. Covering an area of 22,780 hectares, 1.988 was established with the approval of the people of Henan Province, and 1.996 was upgraded to a national level. Its main protection objects are rare birds such as swans and cranes and inland wetland ecosystems.

Basic Introduction Chinese Name: Bird National Nature Reserve of Old Yellow River Wetland in Northern Henan Province Location: East of Xinxiang City, Henan Province Level: National Nature Reserve Area: 22,780 hectares Type: Wetland and Aquatic Ecological Type Protection Object: Swan, Crane and Wetland Approval Time: 1996 Historical evolution, geographical environment, geographical location, topography, climate, protection target, protection object, animal resources and plant resources. 1In July, 1988, the people of Henan Province approved the establishment of "Swan Nature Reserve, the Old Road of the Yellow River in North Henan". In June, 1996, 1 1, the State Council approved the establishment of "National Nature Reserve for Birds in the Old Yellow River Wetland in Northern Henan", which expanded the area of the reserve. Geographical environment and geographical location protection areas include Yellow River levee (including Yellow River beach, sandbar in the middle of the river, etc.) and Yellow River back river depression area. Its north shore is: wei zhuang zhen in Changyuan County to the junction of Jinglonggong Township and Yuanyang County in fengqiu county. Its east bank is the dividing line between Henan Province and Shandong Province, and its south bank is: lankao county, Kaifeng City to Rice Township, Kaifeng City. The bird national nature reserve of the Old Yellow River Wetland in northern Henan has a total area of 22,780 hectares. Among them, the core area is 7973 hectares, the buffer area is 7290 hectares, and the experimental area is 75 17 hectares. There are two core areas in the reserve, which are located in the east and west of the reserve. The eastern core area is located in the main channel of the Yellow River from Lizhuang Township, fengqiu county to wei zhuang zhen, Changyuan County, and the western core area is located in the channel of the Yellow River on the south side of Chen Qiao Township, fengqiu county. The northern part of the reserve starts from Jiadi Village, Dongtun Township, Yanjin County, southwest China, passing through Qianzhen Town, Banzao Township, Houhe Township, Tunzhen Township, Ethan Township and Pangzhai Township of Yanjin County, and ends at Hezha Village, Fengzhuang Township, Yanjin County, involving 7 townships 153 administrative villages. The southern district starts from the junction of Fengqiu and Yuanyang counties in the west, passes through Sunzhuang Township, Jinglonggong Township, Sizhuang Town, Chenqiao Town, Caogang Township, Lizhuang Township and Yingang Township in fengqiu county, and ends at the junction of Fengqiu Changyuan County. It involves 7 townships (towns) 156 administrative villages. The Old Yellow River Bird Wetland Nature Reserve in northern Henan Province is located in the east of Xinxiang City, Henan Province, bordering Weihui City and Yanjin County, the Yellow River beach and Houhe depression in fengqiu county. The border area between Weihui City and Yanjin County is a trough-shaped depression left by the diversion of the ancient Yellow River, and its geographical location is 1 14 07' in east longitude and 34 54 in north latitude. The geographical coordinates of fengqiu county are114 29' east longitude and 35 24' north latitude. Topography The landform of Bird Wetland Nature Reserve in the Old Yellow River in northern Henan Province belongs to the alluvial plain of the Yellow River Basin, with a flat terrain, slightly inclined to the northeast and a small ground slope. The landform types of the nature reserve mainly include modern riverbed, floodplain, terrace and Yellow River back river depression, with a natural slope of 1/7000 and an altitude of 63.5m. The climate reserve is located in the transition zone from warm temperate zone to subtropical zone in China, with four distinct seasons. Spring is dry and windy, with little rainfall, the temperature rises rapidly, summer is hot and rainy, autumn is dry and cool, and winter is cold with little rain and snow. Protection Target Protection Object The main protection objects of the Old Yellow River Wetland Bird National Nature Reserve in northern Henan Province are rare birds such as swans and cranes and inland wetland ecosystems. There are 20 10 birds in animal resources, and there are 156 known birds in nature reserves, belonging to 16 orders and 43 families. There are 39 species of national key protected birds, 39 species of national first-class protected birds 10 and 29 species of national second-class protected birds. There are 67 species of birds in the Agreement on the Protection of Migratory Birds signed by China, Japan and Australia. There are 78 species of birds that breed locally (including resident birds and migratory birds) and 78 species of birds that do not breed locally (including resident birds and migratory birds). Up to 20 10, there are 12 species of wild mammals in nature reserve, belonging to 5 orders and 7 families. Among them, Palaearctic elements are: common hedgehog, hamster, striped hamster, Chinese zokor, Apodemus agrarius and so on. , accounting for about 465438 0.7% of the total number of mammals; The oriental world consists of bats and Rattus flavipectus, accounting for about 16.7% of the total number of mammals. The widely distributed species are rabbit, Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus, weasel and leopard cat, accounting for about 465,438 0.7% of the total number of mammals. As of 20 10, there are 5 species of amphibians and 9 species of reptiles in the nature reserve 1 order. Among the five amphibians, Rana zephyr belongs to the Oriental realm, Bufo raddei and Rana borealis belong to the Palaearctic realm, and Rana nigromaculata and Bufo sinensis are widely distributed in the Palaearctic realm and the Oriental realm. Among the nine kinds of reptiles, turtles, soft-shelled turtles, red-chain snakes, red-spotted snakes and tiger-spotted snakes are widely distributed, while webless geckos, beauty snakes, yellow-backed snakes and white-striped snakes all belong to Palaearctic realm. Up to 20 10, there are 32 species of fish in the nature reserve, belonging to 7 orders 10 family. Of the 32 species of fish, 30 are pure freshwater fish, and only silver carp and eel are migratory fish, which are relatively rare. Cyprinidae is the main fish, with 25 species, 20 of which have important economic value. Grass carp, silver carp, carp and crucian carp are traditional breeding objects. A few fish belong to the Oriental kingdom, and most of them are widely distributed. There are not many endemic species in this area, but the excellent specialty of Yellow River carp is world-famous and is one of the key protected fish species in Henan. As of 20 10, the flora of the nature reserve consists of 745 species belonging to 273 genera and 68 families. Plants 18 families 4 1 species, and the water distribution is mainly POTAMOGETON, Ceratophyllaceae, Nymphaeaceae and Lemnaceae. The distribution of marshland is mainly Typha, Gramineae and Cyperaceae. There are 1 1 species of aquatic plants widely distributed in the world, such as reed, water candle, mixed Myriophyllum, Ceratophyllum, duckweed and so on. 6 species in temperate zone, subtropical to temperate zone 12 species, such as POTAMOGETON, Sargassum, Cyperus, etc. There are 12 species distributed from tropical to temperate zone, such as lotus, linear POTAMOGETON, black algae and so on. Terrestrial plants include plants distributed in farmland, sand dunes, salinization, wasteland, lakes and along the Yellow River levee. Management Measures The Management Office of Wetland Birds National Nature Reserve in the Old Course of the Yellow River is a fully funded institution at the deputy division level, which belongs to Xinxiang Environmental Protection Bureau. It has 13 staff, including director 1 person, secretary 1 person, 2 deputy directors and deputy secretary 1 person. Among them, there are 7 senior engineers and 2 engineers. Management measures 1. Extensively carry out publicity and education on the principles, policies and regulations of nature protection. Set up large-scale permanent billboards, write slogans, post notices, print and distribute publicity materials 16 in the main roads and intersections around the reserve; Strengthen the contact with the news media and do a good job in news reporting of the protected areas; Adhere to the publicity activities of "Bird Love Week" every year, and raise the awareness of nature protection of leaders at all levels and the general public through various forms of publicity. 2, properly solve the relationship between the reserve and the surrounding local people. The nature reserve is located in a densely populated agricultural area, intertwined with surrounding villages, farmland, pastures, orchards and woodlands. Correctly handling and coordinating the contradiction between the local people and the construction and management of protected areas, and winning the support of the local people and the broad masses of the people for the cause of protection are the basic conditions for doing a good job in protected areas. Bird National Nature Reserve of Old Yellow River Wetland in North Henan Province. Hunting, reclamation, grazing, deforestation, sand pulling, fish ponds and other activities harmful to the survival of wild animals and plants are strictly prohibited in the core area of the reserve. 4. Do a good job in water source monitoring in nature reserves, regularly measure the groundwater level, strengthen water environment monitoring, and prevent industrial production wastewater from polluting nature reserves. 5. Regularly observe the fluctuation of bird resources, master the activity rules and population changes of rare waterfowl, establish resource files, and take effective measures in time when problems are found. 6, increase the frequency of patrol management of nature reserves, timely discover and deal with illegal acts that destroy nature reserves. 7. Strengthen the management of nature reserves, protect the integrity of natural ecological environment and benefit future generations. With the consent of the people of Henan Province and Xinxiang City, the scope of nature reserves has been narrowed, and relevant written materials have passed the expert review organized by the Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau and reported to the State Environmental Protection Administration. The new plan appropriately adjusted the scope and area of the reserve. Ecological Value The Old Yellow River Bird Wetland National Nature Reserve in northern Henan Province is located in the transition zone from warm temperate zone to subtropical zone in China. Its geomorphological features are the back river depression, trough depression and vast yellow river beach left over from history after the diversion of the Yellow River. Its water source comes from surface runoff, Yellow River diversion and groundwater in flood season. It is a rare natural wetland in densely populated areas of Central Plains of China. The old Yellow River Wetland Bird National Nature Reserve in northern Henan Province has vast beaches, rich wildlife resources and numerous birds. It is a large-scale wetland left over from densely populated areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, which is rich in northern species, southern species and widely distributed animal and plant species. It is the wintering northern boundary of winter migratory birds and has important biodiversity protection significance and potential scientific research and development and eco-tourism value. Protecting biodiversity in the Central Plains is of great significance.