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How does practice determine understanding?
Practice determines understanding.

He Ping, Shanghai Gezhi Middle School

Discussion 1: Do you know anything about Mars? How do people know?

Conclusion: Practice is the source of knowledge.

Discussion 2: Why do people want to know about Mars?

The first goal is to judge whether there has ever been life on Mars.

The second goal is to clarify the climate characteristics of Mars.

Goal 3: Master the geological characteristics of Mars.

Goal 4 laid the cornerstone of human exploration.

Can all the new problems raised in practice be solved immediately?

1964, Mariner failed to land on Mars, 1975, Viking landed successfully. But nothing came true. Why?

This is a photo of Mars landform taken by Mars global explorer released by NASA on June 16, 997. The photo shows a small circular platform surrounded by dusty hills and corrugated plains, and the slope of the platform is covered with massive pumice.

NASA released two photos of Galle Crater-"Smiling Face on Mars", which were taken by the Mars Orbital Camera (MOC) aboard MGS.

It is reported that Galle crater appeared in the early winter in the southern hemisphere. A layer of grayish carbon dioxide frost covered the surface of the crater, showing a scene similar to a smiling face.

Galle Crater is 230 kilometers in diameter, located at 3 1 degree west longitude and 5 1 degree south latitude of Mars, on the eastern edge of argyle Mountains.

The grooves on Mars were first discovered in 2000 by the Mars Global Observer of NASA. Christensen's new explanation of the causes of these grooves remains to be tested, but NASA experts say it is expected to provide reference for launching probes and finding life on Mars in the future.

Nick Hoffman, a geologist at the University of Melbourne in Australia, said that when he recently studied the photos taken by the Mars Global Probe, he found that valleys and rivers were formed near the polar regions of Mars.

_ _ _ But contrary to the views of most scientists, Hoffman said that these flowing liquids are probably frozen carbon dioxide, not water needed to sustain life.

_ _ _ He explained that the recorded temperature in the area he studied was as low as-130 degrees Celsius, and it was impossible for water to flow at such a low temperature.

On June 2, 2003, the space probe "Beagle 2", which was designed and manufactured by Britain and looks like a CD, flew to Mars.

In the summer of 2003, Mars was the closest to the Earth for thousands of years. During this "golden time", the "Mars Express" can reach its destination in only six months, which is the first time that Europe has sent a probe to this red planet. After reaching Mars, Beagle 2 will leave the satellite, explore the surface of Mars alone, collect ore samples and help scientists answer a permanent question-whether there is life on Mars.

Working simulation diagram of Odyssey Mars probe

Get close to Mars and see what's on it.

"Horton crater"

_ _ _ Astronomers have long believed that Mars was once a warm and humid place suitable for life, but now Mars is dry, cold and hard, and lifeless. Where is the water on Mars? It has always been a mystery. The discovery of a large amount of frozen water on Mars not only uncovered this mystery, but also rekindled people's enthusiasm for exploring the light of life in the universe and embarking on a dream trip to Mars.

The surface of Mars is covered with rocks.

Is this object on a Martian meteorite a relic of life?

Conclusion: Put forward new problems in practice; Practice provides tools and equipment for cognition and promotes the development of cognition.

Discussion 3: Is there water on Mars? Which view is correct?

Human practice

objective things

Subjective understanding

Conclusion: Practice has the characteristics of combining objective things with subjective understanding, so it can test whether people's understanding is correct. Practice is the standard to test whether understanding is correct or not.

Discussion 4: How to deal with this enemy when the metal is tired?

The invasion of external forces, the explosion of explosives, and the broken fragments of metal fatigue prove that the disintegration of the plane in the air is only a mysterious reason, just like the plane falling into the sea. I wonder if there will be an answer.

Why do metals have destructive effects when they are tired?

This is because the internal structure of metal is uneven, which leads to unbalanced stress transmission. At the same time, there are many tiny cracks in the defects of metals. Under the continuous action of force, the cracks will become bigger and bigger, and the parts of the material that can transmit stress will become less and less, until the remaining parts can not continue to transmit loads, and the metal components will be completely destroyed.

What can be done to deal with this enemy?

_ Adding various "vitamins" to metal materials is an effective way to enhance the anti-fatigue ability of metals. For example, adding rare earth elements to steel and nonferrous metals can greatly improve the fatigue resistance of these metals. With the development of science and technology, a new technology of "metal immunotherapy" has emerged, which can enhance the fatigue strength of metals and resist fatigue damage by introducing them in advance.

Conclusion: Cognition is to solve various problems encountered in practice, and the purpose of cognition is to guide practice.

Please use what we have learned today to analyze the following cases:

A computer-controlled shopping cart.

_ _ _ _ From the appearance, it has the same wheels and baskets as the ordinary shopping cart, but the difference is that the handle of the car is bigger than the ordinary shopping cart, and something similar to a computer screen is installed on it, so customers can input the shopping list through the inserted card.

When customers walk through the aisle of the supermarket, the computer on the shopping cart can know where you are according to the infrared ray on the roof. The computer screen will also show what is on sale in this aisle and what is on your shopping list. If you can't find anything, it doesn't matter. Just enter the product name into the computer, and the computer will tell you which aisle of the store you are looking for. After you find it, the computer in the shopping cart will also tell you that you have bought the list.

Help make recipes

Networking of stoves and equipment

Call the refrigerator in the supermarket. With the help of the internal camera, identification code and recognizer, the refrigerator can tell you what food is stored in it and whether the lettuce is fresh.

Simplify shopping

_ _ _ _ When you throw away the packaging of the product, the scanner on the trash can will record the identification code on the packaging and provide a list when you plan to shop next time.

Mini dishwasher

_ _ _ _ Mini dishwashers make up for the shortage of large dishwashers. When you only need to clean a few dishes, it can save water and electricity. It will run very quietly.

Cleaning robot

_ _ _ _ The cleaning robot is placed in a small cabinet under the console and starts cleaning at 3 am. Of course, you can take it out at any time to clean the stains.

_ 2. The first "monkey ticket" of China Zodiac. The first "monkey ticket" of China Zodiac was recreated by Shao Bolin, a famous stamp designer, on the basis of the original painting by Huang Yongyu, a master of Chinese painting. On February 1980, the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications issued the "monkey ticket" for the first time, and the zodiac stamps began with the "monkey ticket". This little "monkey ticket"

Third, nanotechnology.

Nanometer is the physical unit of length measurement, such as meter (m), centimeter (cm), micron (micron), 1 nanometer (nm) is equal to parts per billion 1 meter, 1 nanometer is equal to1/000μ m.

People may be familiar with the term "nano", but not many people can clearly explain what "nano" is.

Modern scientific research has proved that when a substance reaches the nano-scale structure, it enters quantum confinement. With the intensity of quantum confinement, the characteristics of light, electricity, heat and magnetism have changed. It has many new characteristics such as radiation, absorption, catalysis, sterilization and adsorption, thus bringing breakthrough changes to people's lives.

Nanoparticles, like "monosodium glutamate", have the function of regulation, and the old products will glow with an amazing new look. The so-called deodorization and sterilization functions of nano-refrigerators and air conditioners are produced by adding nano-material "monosodium glutamate". Similarly, the "Meng Kang" nano-functional fiber developed by scientific and technical personnel of China Academy of Sciences and other units uses ultrafine nano-master batch, and with the participation of additives, the nano-particles are densely and evenly distributed in the composite functional fiber. It is small in size and large in specific surface area, which enhances the emissivity of biological waves, has the functions of releasing negative oxygen ions, resisting bacteria, deodorizing and resisting ultraviolet rays, obviously improves the functional strength of the product, effectively improves the microcirculation of the human body, and enhances the prevention and health care effects of the composite functional fiber on the human body.

Fourth, the wonderful use of the Louvre workshop!

There are dozens of "art studios" in the Louvre for adults and students. In the second and third quarters of each year, the student's "studio" provides 32 special activities, such as "understanding the garden", "understanding Isatis indigotica" (a plant dye) and "ancient Egyptian costumes". The so-called "workshop" is a combination of visiting, explaining and doing it yourself. There is a big wall frame surrounded by utensils. "Workshop" is set up to increase students' artistic experience. "Workshop" activities rely on the resources of the Louvre. For example, in the garden class, the teachers will first show the Dolores Garden in front of the Louvre and explain its style. After returning to the "workshop", the students will build an imaginary garden with molds. Children aged 6 to 18 can participate with interest without any restrictions.

Summary:

Whether it is production, development, testing or purpose, understanding is inseparable from practice.

Practice determines understanding, and practice is the first.

Practice is the primary and basic viewpoint of epistemology.