First, the etymology of surnames:
There is a record in the history book "A Survey of Surnames": "Hey, the sound of' Ge' is the same as that of' He'. There is a kind of jade in Huai Nan Zi, which is the "harmony" of the Bianhe River. Or cloud: After Nuwa's surname, the woman went to take Sui's surname. There were many policemen in the Ming Dynasty. "
According to the annotation of the entry, the surname in the ancient book The Complete Collection of Surnames in China is a rare surname. The Southern Tang Dynasty was saved, the Song Dynasty was aided, and the Ming Dynasty was endowed with literary grace. "
It is recorded in the history book Huainanzi: "It is a stone, and the phonetic notation is' hé', that is, the sum of the Bianhe River. Or cloud: After Nuwa's surname, the woman went to take Sui's surname. There were many policemen in the Ming Dynasty. "
In the ancient book Cihai and Modern Chinese Dictionary, the word "嗯嗯" is pronounced as Gu 嗯 and simplified as "嗯嗯".
The word "Oh, with the phonetic notation of" G "has not been simplified in the article" A New Family Name ".
Obviously, the word "Ai" mainly comes from Nuwa, one of the ancestors' appellations, which is a symbol of surname and a typical symbol of matriarchal society.
2. The source of surname:
The first origin: from the Feng family, from the descendants of Nuwa, belonging to the surname of the ancestor.
Wa nationality is the most powerful and prominent clan tribe at the end of ancient matriarchal clan society. Later, it gradually evolved into many tribes, large and small, which became the origin of all ethnic groups in China, including Huangdi tribe in the north, Chiyou tribe in the south during the patriarchal clan system and Yan Di tribe (later called "the third ancestor of Chinese humanities"). Therefore, there is a legend that Nu Wa made people from the soil.
In the process of clan development and differentiation, there is always a clan tribe that keeps the name "clan tribe" until the husband's power crosses the river, and the word "clan tribe" is replaced by "clan tribe", which is different from the current river.
Wa, Jiang, Ji and Won all have female radicals, leaving obvious traces of matrilineal clan society, while Xuanyuan is a paternal clan, taking the name of Xuanyuan Huangdi as the tribal name until it developed into a surname.
The second origin: it originated in foreign countries, and it came from the western regions in Qin and Han dynasties, belonging to the country name.
During the Qin and Han dynasties, there was a small country on the ancient Silk Road in the western regions, which was called "golden vegetable field" by people at that time. That is, the Han Dynasty spent a lot of gold and silver to buy seeds from the country and plant them in the Central Plains.
Tao Chan, a famous scholar in the Song Dynasty, recorded in Coco in Qing Dynasty: "When the state envoy came to Han, the Sui people had to grow vegetables, so they were famous for their thousand dishes." Thousand yuan lettuce is now lettuce, commonly known as lettuce. Because the Han Dynasty introduced this new vegetable variety at great expense at that time, it gained this reputation. Ge Hong, a famous scholar in Jin Dynasty, also called it lettuce in The Elbow Queen. It can be seen that it was officially included in the daily menu in Wei and Jin Dynasties.
Lettuce was introduced into the Central Plains from Sui Dynasty before Jin Dynasty. Although the establishment, location and duration of the country need further detailed textual research, the existence and disappearance of the country provides a very important clue for the origin of the country, because it was the most powerful time of the Han Dynasty, the "Oriental Empire", and its country was very likely to be sinicized and become the source of the country, pronounced G ē ()
The third origin: from Mi's family, from Bianjian, a jade man in the Warring States period, belonging to the ancestor's surname.
During the Warring States period, there was a famous "He Shibi", which triggered many legends and stories.
He Shibi's practice of "Sui Shibi" in the classic Huai Nan Zi shows that "Sui" was formed as a surname in the Warring States Period. Many last surname documents read ㄜˊ as ㄜˊ, which is obviously influenced by ㄜˊ.
Bian Jian, a Chu man, collected a piece of Pu (Shi Zhongyu) and presented it to Xiong Mimao, the newly acceded king of Chu (reigned from 757 BC to 74 BC1year). Hu Jinquan of Chu ordered the jade official "Jade Man" to identify it. The jade man was not good at jade identification, so he said it was a stone. Bian Jian had his left foot cut off for bullying the monarch.
After the death of Hu Jinquan, the king of Chu, Xiong Tong of Chu Wuwang acceded to the throne (reigned in 74 BC1~ 690 BC), and Bian Jian presented the piece of pu, which was also called a stone by the Jade Man, so he cut off Bian Jian's right foot.
After the death of Chu Wuwang, Xiong Zi, king of Chu, succeeded to the throne (reigned from 689 BC to 675 BC). Bian Jian dared not offer another piece of pu. He cried with that piece of pu in the mountain, his eyes were full of tears, and then he bled. Neighbors felt it and told King Chu through others.
When King Wen of Chu heard about it, he immediately sent someone to inquire about the reason. Bian Jian said, "I'm not sorry for my broken foot. Sadly, Meiyu is said to be a stone, and those who tell the truth are said to be liars! "
King Wen of Chu felt that the truth of this matter should not be taken out of context like the former king, but should be actually investigated and implemented, so he ordered the jade people to carefully carve the piece. After cutting open the shell, he really got a piece of jade with beautiful flaws and no continuity. After making it into a jade wall, King Wen of Chu personally named it "Jade of Sui Dynasty" to comfort Bian.
This historical event, in the later classic "Everything is done wrong by Ho", mistook Bian for homophonic Bian, and why he remembered Bi, and various historical books came out later.
Among Bian's descendants, some are called "Bian"; Some people with the surname ""are called "ㄜˊ" and pronounced as Hé.
The fourth origin: from the surname Ji, from the teacher of Shangshu in the Jin Dynasty, it is taboo to change the surname to surname, or to take the name of the ancestor as surname.
The teacher's surname comes from the official position of managing music skills in Xia and Shang Dynasties, and belongs to the official surname. According to the history book Surname Spectrum, in the Xia and Shang Dynasties, there were famous musicians in charge of musical techniques, such as Yan in ancient times and Juan in Shang Dynasty. There was another teacher in the Zhou Dynasty, Yin Zhiguan, who was in charge of music singing. The descendants of these people took the official as their surname and became teachers.
According to the records in Guangyun and Genealogy, during the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a historical mirror of Shi's descendants in the State of Jin. Because of the word "Shi" in the name of Sima Shi, in order to avoid the name of the monarch, Shi Jian omitted his surname and changed it to "Shuai". Among the descendants of this Shangshu are
(Lieutenant Colonel's Note: I don't know who wrote the introduction here, but the fourth source is actually wrong: "It's from Ji's surname, from Shangshu Shi ..." This source of avoiding the important and neglecting the important is completely wrong. Judging from the origin of Shi and Shuai, their ancestors were actually "Shi Min". According to the records in Guang Yun and Records of Famous Men's Words and Actions, Shi's surname originally came from an ancient official in charge of music. Because the official in charge of music in ancient times was called a teacher, he took the official as his surname and the teacher as his surname. It spread to the Spring and Autumn Period, and a Shi Min was an official in the State of Jin. After the Jin Emperor Sima Yan seized the power of Wei, he established the Western Jin Dynasty, ending the Three Kingdoms period. Chasing his uncle Sima Shi as Emperor Jin Jing made the world avoid the word "teacher". In order to avoid anonymity, the Shi family represented by Shangshu Fan Shi had to subtract one surname "Shi" and change it to "Shuai". Later, after the Jin Dynasty, some descendants of the Shuai family returned to the surname of the teacher, while others remained the handsome surname.
Because many computer systems mistake "soldier" for "Shi Jian", some people mistake "Shi Jian" for the origin of surnames. In fact, there is no such name in history books.
Similarly, Zhao Min, the last emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, was mistaken for "Zhao Jian" and Wan Sixie, a traitor of the Southern Song Dynasty, was mistaken for "Wan Jian Jian", all of which were easy to make mistakes. Don't be careless
The first three sources mentioned above are more convincing. Especially from the theory of "The Edge Sword". Because there are two surnames, Bian He Sui, in northwest Hubei, the birthplace of Heshibi, but the two surnames have never married since ancient times, which is probably based on the ancestral motto that the same surname does not marry.
My surname is Jane, and I have been studying this surname. )
Two. Migration distribution:
At present, the most concentrated area of Sui family is in Dongting Lake basin, which is specifically distributed in public security, Shishou and Jianli in Hubei and Huarong, Anxiang and Linli in Hunan.
During the turmoil in the Yuan Dynasty, a man named Cai Fa moved to Dongting Lake from other places to settle down. After hundreds of years' development, the descendants of the vegetable prize are quite prominent in the Ming Dynasty public security and other places. At that time, the representative of China's school of spiritual literature, Gong 'an Sanyuan, wrote a poem "Family String" for the Sui family, which is still found in Sanyuan's anthology. At present, there are about 20,000 to 30,000 people living in Dongting Lake Basin.
There is a place name in Shaoyang, Hunan Province, a place name in Xinji Town, Liuhe County, Nanjing, a big village in Lu Jie and Zhongjie, changping town Bridge and Dongguan, and a place name in Diaoguan Town, Shishou, Hubei Province, Jiatai ... These places are or used to be places where clans live.
Yan descendants are mainly distributed in Hubei and Hunan, but some are also distributed in Sichuan and Jiangsu.
Three. County outlook:
Taiyuan County: During the Warring States Period, Qin Guozhuang was located in Jinyang (now Taiyuan, Shanxi Province) for four years (246 BC), and was then located in Wutai Mountain, southern Guancen Mountain and northern Huoshan Mountain in Shanxi Province. During the Northern Wei Dynasty, its jurisdiction was in the Jinzhong area between Yangqu County, Jiaocheng, Pingyao City and heshun county.
Langya County: During the Spring and Autumn Period, there was Langya City in the State of Qi. In the northwest of Nanlangyatai, Jiaoxian County, Shandong Province, there is a saying that Gou Jian, the King of Yue, moved his capital here. After Qin unified the six countries, Langya County was established in the territory. All counties are located in Langya (now Xiahe, Shandong), and the county territory is in the southeast of Shandong Peninsula. In the Western Han Dynasty, it ruled Wu Dong (now Zhucheng, Shandong Province) and joined the territory of Langya Prefecture, Xixian County and Zhuzi Houguo. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Langya was changed to Kaiyang (now Linyi, Shandong). The Jin Dynasty was renamed Langya Province. During the Northern Wei Dynasty, autumn ruled (now Linyi, Shandong). In the Sui Dynasty, Langya County was restored; It was abandoned in the Tang Dynasty and returned to Jiaozhou and Zhucheng. At that time, it belonged to Cheng Jian, Linyi and Jiaonan in southeastern Shandong. In Tang Dynasty, there was Langya County in Yizhou. Langya State since Wei and Jin Dynasties, Langya Taiwan and Langya County in Qin Dynasty are not among Langya counties (states). Another county, Langya County, located in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, has been abandoned for more than 1000 years.
Pingyuan County: It was founded in the early Western Han Dynasty (206 BC) when Emperor Gaozu was in the southwest of Pingyuan County, Shandong Province. Its jurisdiction is equivalent to Pingyuan, Lingxian, Yucheng, Qihe, Linyi, Shanghe, Huimin and Yangxin in Shandong Province. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was either a country or a county. It was deposed in the Northern Wei Dynasty.
Zhang Yu County: Originally the land of Hongzhou in the Spring and Autumn Period, it was called Jiujiang County in the Warring States Period. During the Chu and Han Dynasties, Zhangyu County was located in Zhang Yu (now Nanchang, Jiangxi). It was located in Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province. In the Southern Dynasties, there were Jinjiang Valley, Nanchang, Qingjiang, Jiujiang, Liling, Pengze and Chaisang in Jiangxi Province, that is, the northern part of Jiangxi Province, with a total of 18 counties and two waiting countries. After the Tang Dynasty, Hongzhou was changed to Zhang Yu County, then to Zhong Ling County, and then to Nanchang.
Changsha County: This place existed in the Zhou Dynasty and was built by Chu during the Warring States Period. After the state of Qin destroyed Chu, it ruled Linxiang (now Changsha, Hunan), and at that time it governed Quanzhou, Lian, Yangshan, Yingde and part of Jiangxi Province in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The Western Han Dynasty changed the county to Changsha and built a city. The Eastern Han Dynasty still changed back to the county. He was deposed in the early years of Sui Dynasty, and Tanzhou was changed to Changsha County in the years of Sui Daye, Tang Tianbao and Zhide, ruling Linxiang (now Changsha, Hunan). It was ruled by Changsha government in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Until the Republic of China, Changsha experienced prefectures, counties, prefectures, prefectures and prefectures.
4. Word generation class:
Hu Yi, Dongting Lake, Hunan Province: "The family members have been promoted to a humble and helpful position, and their outlook on life has been greatly enriched."
Verb (abbreviation for verb) historical celebrity:
Yan Zheng: (Date of birth and death to be tested), a native of Southern Tang Dynasty in the Five Dynasties.
During the Baodian period of the Southern Tang Dynasty (943 ~ 957 AD), he served as the county magistrate of Zhangzhou.
Fu Jian: (Date of birth and death to be tested), a famous minister in the Song Dynasty.
According to the record of Zi Zhi Tong Jian, Fu Jian is a scholar first. In the 4th year of Shaoxing in Song Dynasty (the 11th year of Jintianhui, AD 1 134), at noon on February 65438 of the lunar calendar, Dr. Wuyi was assassinated in Jizhou, and Du Zhan, who controlled Dingzhou's army, was the deputy commander of Hubei Road's military forces, Xiuwulang and Xiuwulang. Ma merged with Liu Chao, and assisting Jinshi was omitted. Later, he joined Ma's army and joined Jinshi Road.