Alias: June, loyal chrysanthemum, tiger chrysanthemum

Origin: North America

Uses: can be used as flower bed material.

Cultivation: Suitable for direct seeding or seedling raising in the open field. Seedling raising is generally carried out in March-May. Soak the seeds in warm water for 4-6 hours before sowing, and cover the soil for 0.

3CM, about 10- 12 days; Sow 8- 10 true-leaf seedlings with spacing of 40 cm. After planting, water it in time, and pay attention to watering and fertilization during growth. Chrysanthemum has bright colors, long flowering period, simple management, resistance to dry heat, sunlight, semi-shade, loose soil and good drainage.

2. the universe

Alias: broom plum, cosmos, Qiu Ying

Origin: Mexico

Uses: Suitable as background material for flower border, and can also be planted beside hedges, rocks, cliffs, tree altars or houses.

Cultivation: normal flowering at seedling stage needs short sunshine treatment, and the suitable sowing date should be mastered; Suitable for direct seeding or seedling raising in the wild; Sowing and covering soil is about 1CM, and seedling emergence is about 5- 10 days; 5-6 true leaves of seedlings should be transplanted immediately. The planting distance is 30-50 cm. During the growth period, it is necessary to remove the heart, promote branching, control it too high, and avoid lodging in the later stage.

It is not strict with the soil, but it is not allowed to accumulate water, avoid extreme heat and tolerate poor soil.

3. Coreopsis

Origin: North America

Usage: The flower beds and roadsides are placed neatly, and it is also suitable for planting or making ground covers on slopes and lawns.

Load culture: Seedling raising is usually carried out in March-May. Soak in warm water for 4-6 hours before sowing. The sowing coverage is about twice that of seeds, and it takes about 10- 12 days to emerge. Spring sowing seedlings 6-8 are planted with clods. Seedlings sown in autumn can be transplanted once or twice, wintered in cold beds or cold rooms, and then put into gardens or flowerpots in the next spring.

Avoid heat, like sunshine and require well-drained soil.

4, hollyhock

Alias: Shantou Flower, Zhang Hong.

Origin: Sichuan, China.

Usage: The plant of Abelmoschus manihot is tall and colorful, so it should be planted along walls, roadsides and slopes.

It can also be used as the background material of flower border.

Load culture: plant seeds in culture soil, covering about 0.

4CM, keep the humidity, and emerge in about 5-7 days.

The true leaves of 8- 10 seedlings were planted with clods, and the spacing between plants was 35cm；; Water in time after planting, and combine intertillage weeding and fertilization 1-2 times before flowering.

This species likes light, likes light, is not tolerant of shade, and the underground part is cold-resistant. It can survive the winter in the open field in North China without choosing soil, but it grows well in loose and fertile soil.

5, fishing bell willow

Origin: Mexico and Guatemala

Usage: Salix pendula has bright color and long flowering period, which is suitable for flower border planting and other blue perennial flowers. Can form a very bright color landscape, but also can be potted for viewing.

Sow and breed.

Sow in autumn or February-March, the suitable temperature is 3- 18 degrees, and sow in early May.

I like sunny, humid and well-ventilated environment, avoid hot, dry and acidic soil, and it must be well drained and contain calcareous and fertile sandy loam.

6. Malanhua

Alias: iris

Origin: China, Japan, Korea.

Uses: Suitable as background material for flower border, and can also be planted beside hedges, rocks, cliffs, tree altars or houses.

Cultivation: Suitable for direct seeding in the open field. Before sowing, when the seeds are soaked in 10-20 water with warm water, the sowing cover is about 2CM, and the seeds germinate in the dark for about 20-25 days.

This variety is simple in cultivation and management, drought-resistant, heat-resistant, cold-resistant, sun-resistant, semi-shade-resistant, and has no strict requirements on soil.

7. Echinacea purpurea

Cultivation: There are many direct seeding in autumn. Before sowing, the seeds were soaked in warm water for 10-20 hours, germinated at 2 1-23 degrees, and sown after exposure to the sun, covering about 1CM, and emerged in about 7- 12 days.

Sufficient base fertilizer should be applied in the planting area, and acid loam with good drainage and moderate fertility is required. Fertilize 1 time every two weeks in the growing season, which likes sunshine and alkaline soil is not good for growth.

8. Viola yedoensis

Alias: cat face, grimace flower

Origin: Northern Europe

Uses: early flowering, long flowering and rich colors are excellent flower bed materials.

Cultivation: Before sowing, put the seeds in the refrigerator to dry, freeze them below minus 5 degrees for 6-8 days, then soak them in warm water for 8- 10 hour, and then seed them with plant ash. When sowing, cover the soil about 0.

3CM, about 8- 12 days, 6-8 leaf clods planted, suitable for shallow loading.

The plant spacing is10-12cm.

Seedlings for flower beds should be stored in shady flower beds in early June at 5438+ 10, and covered with pu mats and plastic films for overwintering. The temperature at night in winter should not be lower than 5 degrees.

9. Bellflower

Alias: Zhong Hua

Origin: Southern Europe

Uses: stout plants, bell-shaped flowers like wind chimes, and bright and elegant colors are very popular in Europe. They are common herbaceous flowers in small gardens in late spring and early summer, and are often used to express healthy and gentle love.

It is still in the introduction stage in China, but it can be seen in flower shops and art drag flowers.

Campanula is suitable for arranging small gardens as materials for flower beds and flower borders.

If bellflower and ornamental sunflower are used as the main materials, and ivy, Lygodium japonicum, silk stone bamboo basket and other cuttings are used, a lively and prosperous atmosphere will be presented.

If purple bellflower is the main flower, with white lily, delphinium and asparagus as flower arrangement, it will look quiet and feminine.

Cultivation: In warm areas, it is better to sow in autumn, the seeds are small, and the covering soil should not be too thick. The suitable temperature for germination is 20-24℃, and the emergence time is 14- 16 days after rolling. Pay attention to cold protection in winter.

Campanula is cold-resistant and afraid of heat.

I like sunny, fertile and loose sandy loam.

Seedlings need to be transplanted 1 time, keep the soil moist during the growing period, apply fertilizer 1 time every half month, and properly shade in summer to avoid sun exposure.

10, sage

Known as "vanilla for the poor", it has been used to treat cholera or dysentery, and it is the most precious medicinal material.

Pharmacologically speaking, it not only has antiseptic, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, but also can soothe the nerves, improve hyperhidrosis and beautify the skin.

Smell: Aroma is rich, sweet and slightly bitter.

Cultivation and propagation methods:

① It should be planted on soil with good drainage and sufficient sunshine, especially on alkaline soil.

② It can be propagated by cutting or layering. Of course, it can also be achieved by sowing. Please choose spring and autumn when sowing.

Because the seed shell of sage is hard, it needs to be soaked in warm water of about 40 degrees for 24 hours before sowing.

③ Flowering: February-May.

(4) Harvest time: harvesting from March to June is not harvesting flowers, but harvesting leaves, so at the turn of spring and summer, harvesting is best when the leaves are lush and full.

Lupine 1 1

Lu's scientific name is lupiunspolyphylluslindl, also known as lupine.

Lupine, Leguminosae, originated in western North America and later spread to Europe.

Perennial herb, palmately compound leaves, mostly embedded in the base, lobules 10 ~ 17, thick leaves, smooth leaves and coarse hairs on the back.

The raceme is terminal, 40 ~ 60 cm high, spire-shaped, rich and gorgeous in color, common in red, yellow, blue and pink, with two small flower sepals, lip-shaped, upright on the side, and the edge rolled back; The keel flap bends.

The pod is 3 ~ 4 cm long, with large seeds, brown luster and oblate shape.

There are many varieties of horticultural cultivation.

(1) Growth habit

Sex likes cool, likes sunshine, avoids heat, and is slightly tolerant of yin.

Deep roots and few nodules.

The acidic sandy loam with deep, fertile and loose soil layer and good drainage (ph 5.5) is required, and plants in neutral and slightly alkaline soil will not grow well.

(2) Breeding mode

Sowing is often used in lupine production, both in spring and autumn and in March. However, after spring sowing, the post-growth period is in summer, which may lead to some varieties not flowering or low proportion of flowering plants, short ears and poor ornamental effect due to the influence of high temperature and summer heat.

Under natural conditions, autumn sowing blooms earlier than spring sowing, and grows well. It is sown in the middle of September ~ 65438+1October, and blooms in April ~ June of the following year.

72-hole or 128-hole tray for on-demand and covering.

Seedling soil should be loose, uniform, breathable and water-retaining, and special seedling soil or mixture of peat soil and perlite is better.

The seeds are large, common or coated, about 40 grains per gram.

The optimum temperature for germination is about 25℃, so as to ensure that the culture medium is moist. The seeds germinated after 7 ~ 10 days, and the germination rate was high.

(3) Cultivation management

Lupinus lupinus seedling stage is 30-35 days, and after the true leaves are fully unfolded, the lupinus lupinus seedlings are transplanted in separate plants.

Lupinus lupinus has a well-developed root system, and the original soil is preserved when transplanting seedlings to promote slow seedling growth.

Before planting, the pots should be changed 1 ~ 2 times according to the growth situation, and the pots with barrel height should be selected to meet the growth needs of the main roots and determine the reasonable planting density.

In view of autumn sowing and wintering, corresponding cold-proof measures should be taken, and the temperature should be above 5 degrees Celsius, so as to avoid freezing damage to leaves and affect the early vegetative growth and ornamental effect.

Lupinus lupinus is a perennial plant, so special attention should be paid to the management of high temperature in summer to prevent yellowing, short growth and even death of leaves caused by high temperature, high humidity and sunburn.

In garden application, lupine in flowering period can also be planted directly under trees in the forest and in a cool and ventilated place, which is convenient for summer management.

After potted plants are viewed, it is necessary to cut off the residual ears and dead leaves in time, control the fertilizer and water, and do a good job of shading during high temperature to ensure safe summer vacation.

(4) Adjustment of soil pH value

According to the growth habit of lupine, it is very important to control and adjust the ph value of the culture medium during the cultivation process for the normal growth and flowering of lupine.

Generally speaking, a simple and effective regulation method is to apply sulfur powder to the cultivation substrate. Because sulfur needs to be decomposed in the substrate for a certain period of time (about 40 days or more) to play a regulatory role, it should be applied as soon as possible, usually starting when 2 ~ 3 true leaves appear after transplanting, and the application amount depends on the original pH value of the cultivation substrate.

In addition, acid fertilizers such as ferrous sulfate and aluminum sulfate can reduce the ph value in a short time, but too high salt ion concentration will cause toxicity to plant roots, so they should be used less in production.

(5) Disease control

The leaf spot of lupine is brown to black, which harms the growth of leaves and stems and leads to the early death of leaves. Carbendazim WP can be sprayed 1500 times, and the effect is good.

(6) Related varieties

① Gallery-Lupine Gallery: a short variety with compact plants, and it is also the latest early flowering variety cultivated in the market at present. It is 40-50 cm high and has a very long flowering period, which lasts from June to September and can withstand the low temperature of MINUS 40 degrees.

The spikes are neat and robust, with a maximum of 65,438+02 foil flowers with rich colors (red, pink, yellow, blue and white). 1, planted in February can bloom in the same year, and can be planted in spring and autumn, which is suitable for potted viewing.

② Grape series: height 100 ~ 130 cm, mixed colors and diverse colors. As a background plant, it is very eye-catching and can withstand the low temperature of -40℃.

Suitable for open planting and perennial viewing.

(7) Horticultural application

① potted ornamental plants

The emergence of dwarfed varieties with well-proportioned plants and lush leaves has broadened the marketing scope of lupine and given it the opportunity to enter ordinary families. In addition, it is believed that people will love it all the more.

② flower arrangement

Rich plant materials have always been important materials created by floral masters. With the increasing planting of lupine, its use value as a cut flower has been gradually noticed and discovered, and the cultivation and production of cut flowers have been realized.

③ Garden use

Lupine, with its special plant morphology and rich inflorescence color, is a rare configuration material in garden plant landscaping. As the background of the flower border and the cluster planting along the forest edge, it will give people an exotic atmosphere and a different kind of enjoyment, which is more and more accepted and respected by professionals.

12, Torch Lotus

(1) basic functions

Torchwood, Liliaceae, perennial herb.

Also known as Rise of the Legend Stick and Torch Flower.

Originated in South Africa.

The middle roots are clustered, 60-80 cm long and gray-green.

The flower stems are higher than the leaves, and the terminal spikes are dense like torches. The flowers below are yellow and the flowers above are orange-red. The flowering period is from June to August, and the fruit ripens in 65438+1October.

Perennial mixed flower beds can be arranged or used as cut flowers.

(2) Related varieties

Traffic light series: the plant height is 40cm, with many branches, the style is red on the top and green on the bottom, and the visual effect is strong. Flowering in June-August, resistant to-17 low temperature.

Fairyland series: the plant height is 80cm, the plant type is compact, the flowering period is June-June 10, the colors are mixed, and it can withstand the low temperature of-17.

(3) Growth habits

Cold-tolerant, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River can overwinter in the open air.

I like plenty of sunshine, but I can also tolerate half shade.

Suitable for planting in sandy loam with good drainage and deep soil layer.

(4) cultivation and propagation

Commonly used ramets and sowing propagation.

Plant division should be carried out before new leaves germinate in March or after flowering in autumn, and fibrous roots should be left on each root during plant division.

Generally every 3-4 years 1 ramet.

Sow in autumn, germinate 20-25 days after sowing, and the seedlings need to bloom for 3 years.

When planting on the ground, sufficient base fertilizer should be applied.

Water in time after planting, and apply fertilizer 1 time every month during the vigorous growth period in spring and summer.

Water before flowering to keep the soil moist.

After flowering, watering can be reduced. After the first frost, the tip of the old leaves turned red or withered, but remained evergreen.

Cover the ground with hay or fertile soil in winter to prevent frostbite.

(5) Pests and diseases

Rust mainly harms leaves and flower stems.

At the early stage of the disease, the mixture of lime and sulfur or 400 times of 25% Weixiuling EC was sprayed for prevention and treatment.