Food is the material basis for the rehabilitation of cancer patients. Paying attention to the diet of cancer patients and providing reasonable and sufficient nutrition can enhance the body's resistance, improve the patient's tolerance to treatment, ensure the smooth completion of the treatment plan and promote rehabilitation.
Because many people lack scientific knowledge of nutrition, some incorrect concepts and practices often appear in cancer nutrition. For example, they worry that eating too much or being rich in nutrients will provide more nutrition for the growth of tumors. Some people even make patients hungry and want to "starve" tumor cells. In addition, some patients believe in folk customs and refuse to eat some nutritious foods without scientific basis, such as eggs and chicken. These have no theoretical basis. On the contrary, many facts show that malnutrition is extremely unfavorable to the treatment and rehabilitation of patients, such as slow recovery after operation, poor tolerance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, low immune function, infection and other complications, and even systemic failure. Therefore, we must attach importance to food nutrition and make a scientific diet plan for cancer patients.
How to evaluate the nutritional status of cancer patients?
A simple way to evaluate the nutritional status of patients is to judge by their weight. Generally healthy people usually consume enough protein and calories, so their weight can remain basically stable. However, cancer patients lose weight because of high tumor consumption, poor appetite. Therefore, weight can be used as an objective indicator of whether the calorie intake is sufficient. The weight standard can be determined according to age, sex and height. The common convenient method is to do self-control before and after illness and before and after treatment. If you lose weight, it means that you can't make ends meet and need to increase your diet. How to calculate the daily nutritional requirements: In normal people, the requirements of calories and nitrogen can be calculated according to age, gender, height and weight. Ideally, the calorie requirement should be adjusted according to each patient through the calculation and measurement of resting energy consumption, physical activity coefficient and stress degree. For individual patients, indirect calorimetry is a more accurate method to measure REE. Heat demand can also be easily calculated by Harris-Benedict formula:
Female: REE (kcal/day) = 655+9.6w+1.7h-4.7a.
Male: REE (kcal/day) = 66+13.7w+5.0h-6.8a.
[W= weight (kg); H= height (cm); A= age (years)]
Heat is mainly provided by glucose, fat milk, amino acids and protein, and nutrition and metabolic support also include electrolytes, vitamins and trace elements, which must be supplied every day.
The nutritional status of patients can also be evaluated by physical and biochemical examination. Physical examination includes height, weight and skin fold thickness; Biochemical examination includes determination of serum albumin content, hemoglobin, nitrogen balance, transferrin and various vitamins.
What are the characteristics of the diet of cancer patients?
Tumor and its various treatments will lead to malnutrition, so we should give enough nutrition as soon as possible and arrange the diet of tumor patients.
(1) Correctly evaluate the nutritional status of patients, and determine the quality and quantity of nutrients, dietary form and supply route according to different disease stages and treatment measures of patients.
(2) Choose 20% more protein and calories than normal people need. If malnutrition has already appeared, protein can be supplemented. The best intake of protein is plant protein and some animal proteins.
(3) Choosing foods with low fat, low salt and rich in vitamins and minerals is beneficial to the treatment and rehabilitation of tumor patients.
(4) Avoid eating cancer-causing foods and eat more anti-cancer foods. According to research, common anticancer foods include cruciferous vegetables (such as cabbage and cauliflower), radish, garlic, sour plum, soybean and beef.
(5) According to the hobby of cancer patients, choose the appropriate dining environment and his favorite food to promote appetite and improve the absorption and utilization rate of food.
(6) Choose appropriate food according to the patients' ongoing treatment: For example, patients receiving radiotherapy and chemotherapy often cause abnormal taste and anorexia, so they can eat more foods with high protein and nutrition and fresh fruits and vegetables. Add condiments to food; Do more food with good color and flavor to arouse appetite; Drinking a small cup of acidic drink before meals can play an appetizing role. Supplementing patients with proper zinc and vitamin B complex can also improve their taste and increase their appetite.
What are the common ways to supplement nutrition?
Common methods of supplementary nutrition include oral feeding, nasal feeding, fistula feeding and total parenteral nutrition. Only when the patient has no appetite or can't eat from the mouth can he eat through the nose or fistula. Intravenous nutrition is suitable for patients who can't take proper nutrition for more than two weeks, especially those who consume more because of illness or injury.
(1) Oral diet: This is the best way of intake, and patients who can eat through the mouth should be encouraged.
(2) Nasal feeding diet: feeding nutrients by inserting glue or plastic catheter through nasal cavity. The nasogastric feeding tube should not be inserted too deep, but should be inserted at the lower end of esophagus and cardia to avoid the catheter from coiling in the stomach. Nasal feeding diet is suitable for coma, extreme anorexia and some patients with oral surgery and photodynamic therapy. Generally, high-calorie liquid food or mixed milk is used.
(3) Feeding through stomach or enterostomy tube: Feeding through gastrointestinal enterostomy tube with rubber tube or plastic tube can make food thicker than tube feeding.
(4) Total parenteral nutrition, i.e. intravenous hypernutrition, is the application of getting enough calories and amino acids from veins, generally through subclavian vein or peripheral central vein (PICC). The most commonly used indications in clinic are: ① intestinal fistula. ② After extensive resection of small intestine. ③ Chronic long-term small intestinal obstruction. ④ Chemotherapy period of tumor patients. ⑤ Malnutrition and hypoproteinemia. Because the concentration of intravenous nutrient solution is very high, it needs to be input through the vein with fast flow rate. Generally, subclavian vein or peripheral central vein (PICC) is used for input, because the positions of these two veins are relatively fixed. When the intravenous nutrition is high, we should pay attention to the nursing problems such as the preparation of nutrient solution, intubation technology and infusion method.
What good eating habits should cancer patients develop?
Among the pathogenic factors of cancer patients, bad eating habits are one of the important factors. Bad eating habits still play an important role in the recurrence of cancer or other cancers. Therefore, cancer patients should correct their bad eating habits according to the requirements of cancer prevention. In addition to the requirements of normal cancer prevention, we should also pay attention to the following matters:
(1) Eat regularly and quantitatively, eat less and eat more. It is necessary to eat enough calories and nutrients in a planned way, and the calories and protein should be appropriately increased by about 20% compared with normal people, so as to maintain normal weight.
(2) Eat more fresh vegetables, fruits and other foods with anti-cancer effects, such as dark green vegetables rich in vitamins A and C.
(3) Do not eat or eat less all kinds of foods that may cause cancer, such as fried, baked, smoked and salted products, especially baked and coked foods.
(4) Adhere to a high-calorie and low-fat diet. Eat lean meat, eggs and yogurt.
(5) Food should be kept fresh day and night. Don't eat any moldy food, it's best not to eat leftovers.
(6) Eat less polished rice and refined flour, eat more coarse rice, whole grains and standard flour, and eat more whole grains, corn flour, red beans, yellow rice and beans (soybeans, lentils, peas, etc. ).
(7) Eat more nutritious dried fruits and seed foods, such as sunflower seeds, watermelon seeds, peanuts and dried apricots. These foods contain a variety of vitamins and minerals, and are rich in cellulose, protein and unsaturated fatty acids.
(8) In order to keep the stool unobstructed, you should eat more foods rich in cellulose, such as celery and spinach. Constipation patients drink honey water every morning and evening, and honey needs to be washed with cold water.
(9) Quit smoking and drinking.
(10) The diet should be diversified, the types and varieties of food should be matched with meat and vegetables, and the processing methods should be changed frequently to diversify the food. This will help to interrupt the "cancer project" and prevent the recurrence of cancer and the growth of new cancer.
How do cancer patients choose food in their daily life?
Bad eating habits are an important factor leading to cancer. Therefore, cancer patients can refer to the following table to scientifically choose food in their daily life.
The most suitable food: ① Animal food: lean pork, beef, mutton, chicken, duck, pigeon, etc. Yellow croaker, owl and eggs. ② Algae: jellyfish, kelp, laver, sea cucumber and laver. 3 beans: all kinds of bean products, such as soybean milk, tofu, vegetarian chicken and other plant foods. ④ Fresh dark green, yellow and orange vegetables and eggplant; ⑤ Fruit: Fresh fruit. 6 nuts such as red dates, longan and walnuts. ⑦ Grain: all kinds of grain and its products.
Foods to be eaten as little as possible: ① Animal foods: smoked products such as fat livestock meat and fat poultry meat, bacon, fish, sausages and sausages. 2 beans: dried beans. ③ Plant food: pickled pickles and stale vegetables. ④ Fruits: canned fruits or fruity drinks.
Inedible food: ① Animal food: spoiled food. 2 beans: moldy bean products. ③ Plant food: spoiled vegetables. 4 grain: moldy grain and its products.
What is a high protein diet? What food is included?
According to the patient's condition, protein-rich food is added on the basis of the original diet, that is, the daily intake of protein is not less than 160 grams, which is called a high-protein diet. It is suitable for patients with obvious emaciation, malnutrition or anemia, and patients with cancer before major surgery. Animal viscera, lean meat, eggs, fish, bean products, fresh vegetables and fruits should be selected in the diet. Anemia patients should choose green leafy vegetables, mushrooms, apricots and carrots. Liquid diet and semi-liquid diet can use liver soup, liver mud, soybean milk, tofu, steamed egg soup and milk.
What are the foods rich in vitamins?
Vitamins are indispensable nutrients in various physiological processes of human body. If the diet lacks one or more vitamins for a long time, it will cause abnormal metabolism and reduce the body's resistance.
(1) Foods rich in vitamin C include fresh vegetables and fruits.
(2) Foods rich in vitamin A include egg yolk, cod liver oil, cream, animal liver and plant foods rich in carotene, such as lettuce leaves, carrots, tomatoes and sweet potatoes.
(3) Foods rich in vitamin E include Chinese cabbage, lettuce and vegetable oil.
(4) Foods rich in vitamin B include wheat bran, animal liver, meat, fish stoves, poultry, eggs, beans and dairy products.
What should be paid attention to in the diet of patients with nasal feeding?
In the diet of patients with nasal feeding, it should be noted that gastric juice should be sucked before feeding into the stomach tube every time, and the diet can only be injected after the catheter is in the stomach. Each injection shall not exceed 200ml, and the interval shall not be less than 2 hours. The food temperature should be appropriate (38~40℃), and a small amount of warm water should be injected before and after each food injection to flush the stomach tube to prevent blockage.
How to choose the diet after radiotherapy, chemotherapy and operation?
(1) Radiation reaction during or after radiotherapy can cause body fluid consumption, dry mouth and little tongue coating, so you should eat some products that nourish yin and promote fluid production, such as green tea, lotus root juice, pear, radish juice, water chestnut, pear loquat, mung bean soup, watermelon juice, sugarcane juice, asparagus and grass roots. It can also be decocted with Radix Adenophorae, Radix Ophiopogonis, Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati and Fructus Jujubae. Do not eat dry and spicy noodles, orange peel, peppers, etc.
(2) Patients receiving chemotherapy will suffer a certain blow to their immune function, and often have symptoms such as aversion to oil, nausea and vomiting. When leukopenia occurs during or after chemotherapy, more attention should be paid to nutritional supplements, such as animal liver, placenta, bone marrow, pig feet, lean meat, fish, red dates, longan, red beans, quail, mushrooms, goose blood, sharks, walnuts and so on.
Patients with anorexia, dyspepsia, constipation and other symptoms can be given food to strengthen the spleen and stomach. Such as coix seed, radish, imitation peach, water shield, jujube, sunflower seed, walnut, bergamot, preserved plum, lemon, hawthorn and so on. , can strengthen the spleen and stimulate appetite, protect digestive function and reduce the side effects of chemotherapy. In the case of ulceration of oral mucosa, wild rose, rose or mulberry bud can be used instead of tea.
(3) Patients with excessive loss of qi and blood after operation can eat more yam, jujube, lotus seeds, lean meat, longan, walnuts, river fish, eggs and dairy products, and eat some fresh vegetables and fruits as appropriate.
Can cancer patients take tonic?
Some people say: cancer patients can't take tonics. Taking tonic medicine will accelerate the growth of tumor and make it easy to recur and metastasize. This statement is unscientific. So far, there is no tonic that only supplements tumors but not human body. On the contrary, scientists have found in clinical and animal experiments that many tonics have therapeutic effects on tumors, whether human or animal. Tonifying drugs to treat tumors is one of the main therapeutic principles of traditional Chinese medicine. That is, strengthening the body resistance and consolidating the foundation. Modern scientific methods have found that many tonics can enhance the immune function of the body, so tonics are used to treat tumors at home and abroad to inhibit the growth and spread of tumors.
At present, there are many kinds of supplements. How to choose supplements?
(1) Dietary cancer prevention should be put in the first place, and tonic is secondary. Practice has proved that it is the best way to eat more foods rich in vitamins and selenium and absorb the necessary nutrients through diet, while supplements can only play a certain role.
(2) it is not appropriate to "edit". Some people drink several supplements together, or drink too much every day, which not only has no good effect, but leads to the opposite effect. Therefore, it is beneficial to properly choose 1-2 supplements and drink a small amount every day.
(3) It is best for cancer patients to consult a doctor before using supplements, because some supplements do not undergo rigorous tests and long-term observation like drugs, and their efficacy needs to be further verified. Different supplements have different effects.
What are the dietary requirements of patients with liver cancer?
(1) Don't eat moldy food, such as rice, peanuts and corn.
(2) Do not eat fried and smoked foods, such as fried dough sticks, fried piles, onion rolls, smoked sausages and smoked fish.
(3) Avoid smoking and drinking, eat more pickles and pickles, and eat less spicy and rough food.
(4) The diet is light, easy to digest, high in vitamins, high in protein, high in calories, small in appetite, and chewed slowly when eating.
(5) Food should contain certain dietary fiber, eat more fresh, and fruits should keep the stool unobstructed.
What are the dietary requirements of patients with gastric cancer?
(1) Don't eat fried and smoked food, and don't eat pickles and pickles.
(2) avoid smoking and drinking, and don't eat spicy and rough food.
(3) The diet is light, easy to digest, high in vitamins, high in protein, high in calories, and small in appetite. Eat slowly and avoid a high-salt diet.
(4) Grain storage should be scientific, not moldy grain.
(5) advocate eating more fresh fruits and vegetables, fish, meat, bean products and dairy products containing vitamin C to keep the stool unobstructed.
What is the relationship between the diet of tumor patients and medicated diet therapy?
As the saying goes, "illness comes from the mouth", which means that unreasonable diet intake makes people sick. Whether the diet is scientific and reasonable is directly related to people's physical quality and health. Scientists have found that diet can prevent cancer, and many foods have anti-cancer effects. At least 10 kinds of cancers are closely related to diet, such as breast cancer, colon cancer, oral cancer, esophageal cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, rectal cancer, laryngeal cancer, gastric cancer and liver cancer. Improving and adjusting diet is helpful to prevent the occurrence and development of these cancers.
Develop good eating habits
(1) Control food intake: Good eating habits are the first line of defense to prevent people from getting sick. Good eating habits include eating on time and in quantity; The arrangement of each meal should be balanced in nutrition; Not partial eclipse, the dishes should be fresh and light. Food should not be too salty, too hot or too greasy. Don't overeat. However, judging from the incidence of obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and cancer, it is of positive significance to control weight and reduce the occurrence of obesity for the prevention and treatment of cancer.
Healthy adults, if your weight exceeds 10% of the standard weight, you should lose weight properly.
Calculation method of adult standard weight:
Adult male standard weight (kg)-height (cm)-105
Adult female standard weight (kg)-height (cm)-100
Maintain a scientific and balanced diet
As early as more than two thousand years ago, Chinese medicine put forward the dietary principle of "five grains as a supplement, five fruits as a help, five words as a benefit and five dishes as a supplement". Normal physiological activities and health of human body need a variety of nutrients, including protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, trace elements and water. However, no single food in the world has comprehensive nutrition. Except that breast milk is a comprehensive food for babies within five months after birth, no other single food in nature can achieve the best and reasonable nutritional supply for human body. Therefore, it is necessary to reasonably match the diet, enrich varieties, balance nutrition, and achieve a diet with low salt, low cholesterol, high protein and high fiber.
Why eat more anti-cancer food?
Anti-cancer food can prevent the proliferation of cancer cells, and contains a variety of minerals and trace elements. Some foods can produce many carcinogens, which can decompose nitrosamines and eliminate carcinogens. Some foods can inhibit the growth of tumor cells, improve the body's immunity, prevent constipation, and keep the stool unobstructed.
Why drinking tea can prevent cancer?
Tea contains many anticancer substances, such as tea polyphenols, lipopolysaccharide, carotene, vitamins E and C, etc. Drinking more tea can block the synthesis of nitrosamines, a carcinogen in tea. It is reported that selenium-enriched tea produced in Ziyang, Shaanxi Province contains selenium, an essential trace element for human body, which can stimulate the body to produce immunity and has good anti-cancer ability.
What are the foods rich in vitamin C?
Mustard head, kale, rape, ancient Chinese cabbage, mustard, sherry red, coriander, green garlic, cauliflower, Toona sinensis, cauliflower, pepper, persimmon, citrus, jujube, edamame, white radish, Chinese cabbage, Chinese cabbage, spinach, celery, leek, pineapple, kiwi, tomato, Rosa roxburghii, etc.
From the above foods, we can find that many products rich in vitamin C are also rich in vitamin A, and vitamin A and vitamin C exist in the same food. Choosing this food often helps us to prevent and treat cancer. There is data showing; In areas that love to eat fresh fruits and vegetables, the incidence of digestive tract tumors is much lower than in areas that don't like to eat.
How to make full use of vitamin C in food?
Fresh raw water and vegetables can be eaten as raw as possible. The shorter the shelf life of fresh food, the better. Don't think that the food cultivated in the refrigerator can be preserved for a long time. Food should be eaten once after peeling or cutting. This is because the cut food is in great contact with oxygen. Oxidation will lead to the loss of vitamin C. The longer the heating time during cooking, the greater the loss of life-sustaining responsibility C.
What nutrients does green food contain?
Many green foods are rich in nutrition and reasonable in proportion, mainly containing vitamin C, vitamin A (carotene), vitamin D, vitamin E, folic acid and so on. And some mineral elements and trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, zinc and selenium.
Why is green food an anti-cancer food?
Green food requires that food must not contain substances harmful to human body, and the contents of pesticide residues, industrial pollution, heavy metals and bacteria must be below certain standards. It is a dry, safe and environment-friendly food, also known as pollution-free products.
What should I pay attention to in the process of making green vegetables?
After buying vegetables, soak them in clear water 15-20 minutes, wash them first and then cut them. Stir-fry or blanch quickly during cooking, but the temperature should not be too high, which can reduce the damage to vitamin C and folic acid.
What are the anti-cancer vegetables?
Carrot, Chinese cabbage, leek, eggplant, day lily, garlic, bitter gourd, asparagus, radish, celery, cauliflower, broccoli, onion, purslane, kidney bean, wax gourd, bean sprout, cauliflower, sweet pepper, cauliflower, shepherd's purse, kohlrabi and snow red.
What are the anticancer fruits?
Tomato, papaya, medlar, kiwi fruit, banana, jujube, strawberry, hawthorn, walnut, apricot, apple, dark plum, citrus, grapefruit, Rosa roxburghii, plum and orange, water chestnut, fig, blackcurrant, etc.
What are the anti-cancer foods?
Mushrooms, Tremella, Ganoderma lucidum, Auricularia auricula, Cordyceps sinensis, sea cucumber, hairtail, sardines, kelp, oysters, soft-shelled turtles, old soft-shelled turtles and so on. What are the anticancer fruits?
What are the anti-cancer cereals?
Corn, wheat, buckwheat, water bamboo, lotus seeds, soybeans, sesame seeds, mung beans, adzuki beans, walnuts, almonds, pumpkin seeds, mulberries, etc.
What anti-cancer drinks are there?
Tea, honey, royal jelly, sugarcane juice, vinegar, etc.
What kinds of meals do tumor patients usually eat?
(1) Normal diet
For cancer patients without digestive system dysfunction, ordinary diet can be adopted. The general diet of cancer patients should be nutritious, delicious and easy to digest, containing more animal protein and vitamins, eating less fried food and not greasy.
Ordinary diet is suitable for: (1) recovery period of cancer patients after operation. (2) Patients before and after radiotherapy and chemotherapy. (3) All kinds of cancer patients without digestive tract tumor or digestive system dysfunction. (4) Treatment of patients with fever and convalescence.
Ordinary diet should pay attention to the cooking methods and reasonable collocation of food, so that the food is diverse, nutritious and easy to digest, and also pay attention to the taste and reaction of patients, with good color, flavor and taste.
Examples of diet: A normal diet is similar to a healthy diet, and it is not suitable for eating fried and indigestible foods. Protein, calories and multivitamins need to be supplemented. Foods rich in animal protein, such as beef, chicken, fish, egg white, milk, etc., should be added, and fresh fruits and vegetables should be eaten.
(2) light diet
Soft food is between ordinary diet and semi-liquid diet, with less residue and easy to chew and digest. All food should be chopped, stewed and boiled soft when cooking, but not fried or fried.
Soft food is suitable for: 1) patients with weak digestive function after radiotherapy and chemotherapy. 2) Patients with gastrointestinal tumor in recovery period after operation.
Examples of soft rice: bread, jiaozi, steamed bread, liver mud, cakes, etc. If you eat soft rice and chopped vegetables for a long time, you should supplement vitamin C in time, such as fresh fruit juice and tomato juice, and you can't eat vegetables with more crude fiber, such as celery and leeks.
(3) Semi-liquid food
Generally speaking, it is mainly liquid, with less food residue, easier to digest and chew than soft food, less fiber and high nutritional value. Due to the high water content and low nutrition supply of semi-liquid food, in order to meet the nutritional and thermal needs of cancer, most people eat less and eat more meals, 5-8 times a day.
Semi-liquid diet is suitable for patients in recovery period after tumor operation and patients with severe digestive dysfunction. Patients with dysphagia after operation of oral and throat tumor.
For example, you can use rice porridge, noodles, biscuits, lotus root starch, bread, chaos and so on. Only a small amount of lean meat, mutton, pork and beef can be chopped and cooked, or they can be fed together with pig liver mud in the staple food. You can also eat all kinds of dairy products, soybean milk, tofu brain and so on.
(4) Liquid food
Food is mostly liquid, without food residue, and easy to digest. Eat less meals every day, once every 2-3 hours, but still can't meet the daily calories, so you can't eat for a long time.
Liquid food is suitable for patients with advanced esophageal obstruction, patients with throat and oral tumors and dysphagia, patients with throat tumors after photodynamic therapy, patients with extreme physical exhaustion, and foods initially ingested after various thoracic and abdominal tumors.
Examples of meals: rice soup, milk, soybean milk, egg soup, fresh fruit juice, vegetable juice, etc. Fruit and vegetable juices should be deslagging. Postoperative patients with thoracic and abdominal tumors should avoid flatulence foods, such as milk and sweets.
(5) Essential diet, a liquid nutrient with comprehensive nutrition, consisting of small molecular substances and no residue. Its main components are amino acids, monosaccharides, fatty acids, vitamins (water soluble and fat soluble), minerals and trace elements. Most of the necessary diets are digested and absorbed up to 100%. The jejunum can be placed directly through the nose and stomach through a silicone tube. Because the nutrient solution is semi-digestible, the human body only needs 65- 100 cm of small intestine to absorb and utilize it. This is a safe and economical nutritional support therapy.
Attention should be paid to the use of essential diet: the elderly, the weak and children should pay attention to whether the gastrointestinal tract is unobstructed, and the stomach is easy to stay too much. For patients with proximal fistula or complete lack of absorption capacity, total parenteral nutrition should be used to increase intestinal adaptability in the early stage, and oral diet should be taken with plenty of water, and a small amount of water should be paid attention to.
What does protein have to do with cancer?
Protein content is too high, which can promote the occurrence of tumors, mainly malignant lymphoma. A low-protein diet will increase the incidence of liver cancer. It has been reported that controlling the consumption of animal fat and protein in childhood will lead to premature aging of digestive function, high incidence of gastric cancer, and high or low diet in protein may cause cancer. Protein is the main substance that constitutes and repairs body tissues. An adult of standard weight needs about 65438 0 days protein, 60 ~ 80g. But if the patient has been malnourished by cancer, plus the reaction of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the injury caused by surgery, etc. To maintain the basic needs of a cancer patient, the minimum daily requirement of protein is 80 ~ 100g. That is, protein and calories are 20% higher than normal people.
What is the relationship between drinking and cancer?
Excessive drinking will cause fatty liver and alcoholic hepatitis, lead to cirrhosis, and finally make the liver lose its normal function and induce liver cancer. Increased drinking will also increase the incidence of oral cancer, esophageal cancer, breast cancer and thyroid cancer.
What is the relationship between fat and cancer?
A high-fat diet will lead to an increase in the incidence of breast cancer, intestinal cancer and prostate cancer. Too much dietary fat can greatly increase the number of anaerobic bacteria in large intestine and decrease the number of aerobic bacteria; Bile enters the intestine and is converted into cholic acid, neutral cholesterol and catabolic products by anaerobic bacteria. These substances all have carcinogenic effects. Low-fat diet can easily cause cervical cancer, uterine cancer, esophageal cancer and gastric cancer.
What is the relationship between cellulose and cancer?
Cellulose in food decreased, intestinal anaerobic bacteria increased, and the incidence of colorectal cancer increased. Too much cellulose can easily lead to gastric cancer.
What is the relationship between vitamins and cancer?
Vitamin A deficiency can easily induce chemical carcinogens to induce tumors. Vitamin A can prevent epithelial cell transformation and various diseases, but if pregnant women use vitamin A in large quantities in a short time, it may lead to fetal malformation. Vitamin B 1 deficiency will accelerate the growth of tumor, while vitamin B2 deficiency will induce liver cancer. Vitamin B6 and folic acid deficiency will promote the occurrence of tumors. The anticancer effect of vitamin C is achieved by blocking the formation process of nitrosamines. At the same time, vitamin C has the functions of enhancing the epidemic prevention ability of rabbits, resisting radiation, resisting oxidation and poisoning, inhibiting tumors, reducing the incidence of tumors and detoxifying carcinogens. Increasing the intake of vitamin C can reduce the incidence of selective diseases, while deficiency will increase the incidence of gastric cancer and leukemia.
What is the relationship between minerals and cancer?
Iodine deficiency or excess can cause thyroid cancer, and iodine deficiency is prone to breast cancer. Selenium is a strong oxidant, which can prevent carcinogens from combining with normal cells through antioxidation and prevent the occurrence of cancer.
What are the symptoms of malnutrition in tumor patients?
Cachexia: It is a group of syndromes that often appear with tumor progression. The main clinical symptoms are anorexia, emaciation, weakness, anemia and malnutrition.
Loss of appetite: it is one of the most common symptoms of cancer patients. The causes of anorexia in tumor patients are complicated: acquired anorexia, and the physical discomfort of tumor patients is often related to eating certain foods; The patient's sense of smell and taste are abnormal; Psychological influence: psychological reaction of doubt, fear, loneliness and loss of self-esteem after being diagnosed or suspected of cancer.
Weight loss: it is one of the common symptoms, and it is also a manifestation of malnutrition.
What are the four basic foods for oral nutrition?
Protein: There are beans, meat, hard fruits, poultry and bean products. This kind of food is the main source of protein, and it also contains B vitamins and iron.
Milk: including all dairy products: milk powder, condensed milk, milk, yogurt, etc. Dairy products are important sources of vitamins A, B and calcium in protein.
Vegetables and fruits: including all fruits and vegetables, juices and dried fruits. This kind of food can supplement the vitamins and minerals needed by human body. There are four kinds of vegetables and fruits every day, one is a fruit containing vitamin C, and the other is a vegetable containing a lot of vitamin A.
Rice and flour: bread, biscuits, porridge and rice. This food provides carbohydrates, vitamin B and iron.
Oral nutrition: (1) Be sure to plan your daily diet in advance to ensure the necessary protein and calories. (2) Spare some food, which can be heated and eaten at any time. (3) The eating environment is warm, so you can eat with your family to increase your appetite. (4) eat more.
Do cancer patients need to avoid eating?
At present, no food that can promote the spread and metastasis of cancer cells has been found in medicine. People call it fish, shrimp, crab, chicken, mushroom and so on. They are rich in protein and fungi are rich in polysaccharides, which can improve the body's immunity to cancer cells and are beneficial to cancer patients. Therefore, cancer patients don't have to avoid eating.