The emperors of the Qing Dynasty traveled eastward to worship their ancestors, and all lived in the Forbidden City in Shenyang, which was called "Residency". However, when emperors traveled eastward to worship their ancestors, they also had a "residence" palace, which was little known.
The Summer Palace used to be spectacular.
Mr. Li, a scholar of Qing history, said that this royal palace is called "Xia Yuan Palace", which is located in the village about 7 miles west of Yongling in Xinbin.
The "Summer Palace" is backed by Longgang Mountain and faces the perilla River. There are 865,438+0 buildings, which are divided into east, middle and west roads, and the main buildings are concentrated in the middle road. There are four palaces in the middle road building: the first one is Fusui Hall, with five halls and three halls on both sides. There are three palace doors in front of the hall, a hanging flower door in the palace door, and five palaces on the east and west sides outside the palace door. Fusui Hall is the hall where the emperor handled court affairs during his residence; The second palace "Xuanshunzhai", a total of five rooms, is the emperor's "bedroom"; The third palace, "Zhao Dian", also known as "Seven Halls", is the place where empresses live; The fourth palace is the "Royal Garden". The main buildings on the East Road of Xia Yuan Palace are the House of the Former Brother and the House of the Later Brother, where the accompanying prince lives and studies. There are "nine rooms", "mountain houses" and "tea rooms" on the west road.
General Shengjing built the Summer Garden.
There are many records about the time when the Summer Palace was established. For example, "Xing Jing County Records" said that "Xiayuan Palace" was built in the early Qing Dynasty; Anecdotes of places of interest in Northeast China are said to have been built by Qing Taizu, and later changed to "Residency Palace"; Some scholars believe that it was built in the 37th year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1698). Mr. Li believes that not only did this palace not exist during the Kang Yong period of the Qing Dynasty, but even the "Summer Palace" where Emperor Qianlong visited the east three times to worship his ancestors disappeared. According to historical records, in the eighth year of Qianlong in Qing Dynasty (1743), when Emperor Qianlong first traveled east to worship his ancestors in Yongling, the camp was located in "Gu Wu Village". In the forty-eighth year of Qing Qianlong (1783), when Emperor Qianlong visited the East for the fourth time to worship his ancestors, he was "stationed" in the Summer Palace.
Emperor Qianlong once wrote a poem "Fu Sui Dian" with the imperial brush, stating the reasons for building the "Summer Garden Palace". The footnote to the second sentence of this poem says: Wei Yong, the general of Shengjing, built the Summer Palace near Yongling. Wei Yong is the nephew of Emperor Qianlong. In the forty-seventh year of Qing Qianlong (1782), he was transferred to General Shengjing (Shenyang). In May of the 4th year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (1799), the imperial edict of Emperor Jiaqing said: Fu De, assistant minister of Shengjing, made meritorious service in the construction of "Xiayuan Palace" and awarded silver 1000 Liang. Telford was awarded assistant minister of Shengjing (Shenyang) Ministry of Industry in November in the 43rd year of Qing Qianlong (1778). It can be seen that Wei Yong, the general of Shengjing, ordered Du Fu, assistant minister of Shengjing Ministry of Industry, to build the "Summer Garden Palace", which should have been built between September 47 and September 48 of Qianlong in Qing Dynasty.
Natural and man-made disasters destroy the "summer garden"
Mr. Li said that in the ninth year of Qing Daoguang (1829), Emperor Daoguang traveled eastward to worship his ancestors. After he was stationed in the Summer Garden, no emperor traveled eastward to worship his ancestors. At that time, the national strength of the Qing dynasty was declining, and the system of "traveling eastward to worship ancestors" was abolished, and the "Summer Palace" stopped repairing every year.
In the seventh year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (1857), some buildings of "Xiayuan Palace" began to collapse. The guards of Xingjing (Xinbin) City, Ehun and Guo Leming 'a, proposed to General Shengjing (Shenyang) that they would like to donate money in their own name to repair the dangerous building of Xiayuan Palace. General Shengjing, Qing Qi, immediately played to the court. Emperor Xianfeng was very happy, and ordered them to be rewarded after the renovation project was completed. However, due to natural and man-made disasters, the Summer Palace finally failed to escape the tragic fate of destruction.
In the 14th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1888), the perilla river flooded, destroying all the buildings in the first half of Xiayuan Palace, such as the East West Room, the Palace Gate and the Hanging Flower Gate, which exposed the "Fusui Hall". In the 26th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1900), the invading Russian army invaded Xingjing, took the Summer Palace as a barracks, and demolished it at will. When retreating, some buildings were destroyed by fire. Nowadays, the site of the Summer Palace has become cultivated land, and there is only a "site explanation board" to tell the appearance of the Summer Palace in those days and arouse people's memories of the drifting history.