Jinhua pig is small in size. The ears are of medium size, drooping less than the corners of the mouth, and the forehead is wrinkled. The neck is thick and short. The back is slightly concave, the abdomen is large and slightly drooping, and the hips are tilted. The limbs are thin and short, and the hooves are solid and jade-colored. Thin skin, thin hair and thin bones. Coat color is characterized by white in the middle and black at both ends, that is, the head, neck and buttocks are black fur, the middle of the body is white fur, and there is a "halo" of black fur at the junction of black and white. So it is also called "double-headed black". Or "Jinhua two black pigs", but there are often a few pigs with black spots on their backs. The number of nipples is mostly 15- 17. According to the statistics of 975 pigs in Jinhua Breeding Farm, there are 0.03 nipples in 16.05 soil, and the breasts are well developed and the nipples are firm and elastic.

Jinhua pigs can be divided into three types according to their head types: long-lived head type, mouse head type and intermediate type. Now they are called large, small and medium-sized. The head type of longevity is slightly larger, with more wrinkles on the forehead and slightly thicker structure. Historically, it is mostly distributed in Jinhua and Yiwu counties. Mice have a small head shape, a narrow and long mouth, a smooth forehead, a compact and meticulous structure, a narrow and flat back, a thin fold and slow growth, but good meat quality, mostly distributed in Dongyang County, with an intermediate type in between, a moderate body shape and a moderate head length and forehead.

Growth and development of Jinhua pig

According to rural survey, 6-month-old boars (2 13) weigh 30.98kg; Sow (934) 34. 1.20 kg soil. According to the measurement of 6-month-old breeding pigs in state farms, 83 boars weigh 34.065438 0.43 kg, have a body length of 83.765438 0.48 cm, a chest circumference of 765438 0.43 0.19 cm and a body height of 46.37 0./kloc-0. Sows (137) correspond; 0.88kg of 4 1. 16 soil, 0.94cm of 88.38 soil, 0.60cm of 76.02 soil and 0.30cm of 47.79 soil.

Under the rural conditions, the body weight11.879 soil of 20 adult boars is 3.26 kg, the body length 127.82 soil is 0.75 cm, and the bust 1 13.05 soil. Adult sows (126 heads) are: 97. 13 soil 0.72 kg, 122.56 soil 0.25 cm, 106.27 soil 0.42 cm, 61.499: 0.00. Compared with the results of rural investigation in 1954, the indexes of boars increased by 64.5 1%, 22.2 1%, 0.06% and 24.99% respectively. The sows were 24.53%, 15. 18%, 12.95% and 10.83% respectively. This is closely related to the change of farming system from triple cropping system to rice, rice and wheat triple cropping system since 1958, the change of people's requirements for pig breeds, the improvement of feeding management and the progress of breeding, which has caused the change of feed conditions.

Reproductive performance of Jinhua pig

According to the determination of Dongyang County thoroughbred farm, sperm appeared in the testes of young boars as early as 64 days old, and the quality of semen collected at the age of 1 1 kg and10/day was similar to that of adult boars. The ovarian follicles of sows developed well at the age of 60-75 days. At the age of 1 10 days, red corpuscles appeared at the weight of 28 kg, which proved that sexual maturity was early. In rural areas, male sows usually mate for the first time when they are about 5 months old and weigh 25-30 kg, but the first mating period has been postponed in recent years.

According to the statistics of state-owned pig farms in recent years, the average litter size of triplets and above sows is 13.78, and the survival rate is 97. 17%. The newborn litter weighs 8.93 kg, the newborn litter weighs 0.65 kg, the 20-day-old litter weighs 32.49 kg, and each litter is1/kloc-when weaned at the age of 60.

A few years ago, the price of two black pigs was several times higher than that of ordinary pork, which made some citizens flinch. Nowadays, with the improvement of living standards, more and more citizens "would rather eat less than eat well". Wu Xuzhen introduced that the average price of two pieces of black pork is RMB 0/00 per kilogram, which is generally accepted by consumers. 、

The cost price of "Liangtouwu" is 2 1 yuan/kg.

The value of "double-headed black" is so high, why is the feeding amount not high? The reporter also interviewed pig farmers.

Zhang of Xiaxin Village, Zangqian Town, Yongkang City has raised three or four hundred "double-headed black dogs" for six years. He is also a villager who raises a "double-headed black dog" in the village.

Zhang is raised by a meat company, and the purchase price is not less than 13 yuan/kg. Zhang Kao's annual income of raising "two-headed black sheep"10 ~ 200,000 yuan.

"If I have to raise and sell myself, I won't do it. The cost of raising' two blacks' is too high, and I will lose money. " Zhang said to him.

Zhang calculated an account: ordinary pigs can be slaughtered in four or five months, weighing more than 200 kilograms, and can kill kilograms of meat; "Double-headed black" needs to be raised for eight or nine months before it can slaughter 60 or 70 kilograms of meat. Ordinary pigs can eat fish meal, while "Liangtouwu" feeds on grass, corn and sweet potato leaves. Zhang specially planted several acres of sweet potatoes for this purpose, and hired two people to help, each with a daily salary of 90 yuan.

The business entrusted by Zhang is Zhejiang Weifeng Meat Food Co., Ltd.

Yang Zhenwei, the general manager of Weifeng, is from Yongkang. He used to be in the pork business, and he saw business opportunities in both ends. In 2002, he and his wife Fu Meizhen began to raise "double-headed black". At present, the company has two pig farms with 89,000 live pigs, and develops pure "double-headed black" production in the form of "company+base+farmer".

"We still use the traditional way of raising pigs in rural areas, only eating mustard, ryegrass, bitter vegetables, sweet potato vines and so on. No compound feed is added, so the price of' double-headed black' raised is naturally high. " Fu Meizhen said that the feeding cost of each "double-headed black" is about 1.500 yuan, and the cost price of pork is 2 1 yuan/kg.

Nutritional value of double-headed black pork The reason why double-headed black pork is favored is not because it is cute. Its excellent genes are the key to good pork.

There are five layers of pork belly in general pigs, including meat with fat and meat with skin, while black pigs weighing more than 200 kilograms can reach 7 to 8 layers at both ends.

Don't be scared by so many layers of fat. Two black aconites actually taste fat and thin. The secret is that muscle is rich in inosinic acid and unsaturated fatty acids, which not only avoids the greasy feeling caused by saturated fatty acids, but also does not lose the taste of meat. Even people who don't like fat meat are probably hard to refuse.

How did the two-headed black dog grow up?

time

In the eyes of pig farmers, there are only two keys to taking care of a double-headed black dog: patience and time.

Ordinary white pigs can gain about 40 pounds a month and slaughter in about 4 months. However, the growth cycle of Ertouwu is very slow and it eats a lot of feed. Only five or six kilograms of feed can grow one kilogram of meat, which is only about 10 kilogram a month. So it will take 15 months to be released.

fodder

Ertouwu has high requirements for feed, and usually eats vegetables and pure natural grain feed. According to the growth status, pig farmers will also feed it broccoli and Chinese herbal medicine leaves to control the fatness and reduce the incidence.

It can be seen that the growth of a pig with two heads and five tails is much harder for pig farmers.

sports

The meat of the double-headed blackberry is not only full of elasticity, but also rich in aroma. This feeling of beautiful meat is the result of years of exercise and healthy diet.

In order to keep two black rabbits healthy, some farms are even willing to build their own back garden for them to run freely in the garden and develop a healthy and beautiful figure, which can be described as a "model among pigs".

The breeding prospect of Erhei pork began from 20 15, and the sales of Erhei pork began to increase. At present, the average selling price reaches 90~ 1 10 yuan per kilogram, which is sold to Hangzhou, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other places.

Erhei Jinhua pig, one of the four famous pigs in China, has a breeding history of 1600 years. Ertouwu, as a local pig breed, became the raw material for making Jinhua ham because of its thin skin and thin bones and hard white meat. For senior foodies, Erhei pork is rich in muscle fat, bright red, tender and juicy, and tastes good. Therefore, Jinhua's two black pigs have reached the glorious peak in history. In its heyday, Jinhua alone raised more than 2 million heads, and even served as a "national gift" on diplomatic occasions.

The two black pigs in Jinhua still have a lot of good news. For example, two black pigs in Jinhua have been recognized by the Ministry of Agriculture as geographical indication protection products for agricultural products; In August this year, Jinhua double-headed black pig industrial transformation and upgrading project was also identified as the second batch of major agricultural projects in Zhejiang Province, and received 50 million yuan of policy support.

Jinhua plans to carry out six projects, build 50 specialty stores and franchisees of Ertouwu products, develop 100 supermarket chains and farmers' markets, build 1 Jinhua Ertouwu pig industry e-commerce one-stop service platform, and 1 Ertouwu pig cultural center, improve two ham exhibition halls, apply for "certification trademarks", declare agricultural cultural heritage projects, and hold Ertouwu pigs.

The goal is to adjust the variety structure of pig breeding in three to five years without increasing the total number of pigs, so that Jinhua can slaughter 654.38 million pigs and produce 200,000 hams annually. In addition, the total output value of extended industries is 500 million yuan, and farmers' income is 300 million yuan, which makes the per capita income of local farmers more than 5,000 yuan, providing a model for the protection, development and utilization of local varieties in Zhejiang Province and even the whole country.

Is it profitable to raise two black pigs? In the past two years, with excellent taste and green and safe quality, Erhei pork has slowly opened the market in other places. "After the chairman of Shanghai Xiaonanguo Group tasted the lion heads made by two black pigs, he immediately decided to develop a series of cuisines of two black pigs." Xu Bin told reporters that at present, "Yuejiangnan" has become a supplier of black pork for Grandma Hangzhou and Shanghai Xiaonanguo.

However, the market has been opened, but the scale of farming has not been expanded. "Only Xiaonanguo takes out half of the stores to supply two black pork every day, and the supply of light pork belly is 200 tons a year, which is equivalent to 40,000 to 50,000 black pigs. And our slaughter this year is less than 5,000, and next year there will be only 6,500 to 7,000. " Xu Bin scratched his head for this.

The same problem is also placed in front of "True Romance". Wu Xuzhen told reporters that some customers in Guangzhou are interested in cooperation recently, but after seeing the current breeding scale of "Rare Garden", they have to give up the idea of huge investment.

What is the feeding ability of Ertouwu at present? According to the data of Jinhua Animal Husbandry Bureau, the annual slaughter of Ertouwu in Jinhua is 75,000 ~ 80,000, and the stock of sows is more than 5,000. It only accounts for 3% ~ 4% of the annual pig slaughter in Jinhua area.

The yield is small, the head is small, the feeding cycle is long, the cost is high, and the overall economic benefit is limited, which eventually leads to the slow growth of Ertouwu culture.