Tang Dynasty: Bai Juyi

From the north side of Gushan Temple to the west side of Jiating, the lake is just level with the embankment, with low clouds and waves on the lake.

Several early orioles raced to the sunny tree, and their new swallows were carrying mud in their nests.

Colorful spring flowers will gradually fascinate people's eyes, and shallow spring grass can barely cover the horseshoe.

I love the beauty on the east bank of the West Lake, and I can't get enough of it, especially the white sand embankment under the green poplar.

Translation:

From the north of Gushan Temple to Jiating West, the spring water on the lake is just flush with the levee, and the white clouds are low and connected with the lake.

A few early orioles scrambled to fly to the sunny tree, and the new swallows were busy building nests and holding mud.

The flowers are blooming, dazzling, and the shallow grass can just cover the horseshoe.

I can't get tired of seeing the beautiful scenery on the east side of the lake. Willow trees cross a white sand embankment under rows of shade.

Precautions:

Qiantang Lake: West Lake in Hangzhou.

Gushan Temple: Built in the early years of Chen Wendi in the Southern and Northern Dynasties (522 ~ 565), it was named Chengfu and renamed Guanghua in the Song Dynasty. Isolated Mountain: It is between the inner lake and the outer lake of the West Lake, so it is called an isolated mountain because it is not connected with other mountains. There is an isolated mountain pavilion overlooking the West Lake.

Jia Ting: Also called Jia Gongting. A scenic spot in the West Lake was built by Jia Quan in the Tang Dynasty. During the Zhenyuan period of Tang Dynasty (Tang Dezong year, 785 ~ 805), Jia Quan was appointed as the secretariat of Hangzhou and built a pavilion on the banks of Qiantang River. This pavilion was called "Jia Pavilion" or "Jia Gong Pavilion" and lasted until the end of the Tang Dynasty.

Initial leveling of water surface: the lake is flush with the embankment, that is, the spring water rises at the beginning. Chu: used as an adverb in ancient Chinese, it is often used to express time and express fast.

Low cloud foot: white clouds overlap and connect with the waves on the lake. It seems that the cloud is very low, so the foot of the cloud is low. Point out the starting point and way of spring outing, and focus on depicting the scenery of the lake. It is more common when it rains or just stops raining.

Cloud foot: cloud gas near the ground, which is more common when it begins to rain or stops raining. The original meaning of "foot" refers to the organs that people and animals walk. This refers to the drooping clouds.

Early spring warbler: An oriole comes in early spring. Warbler: oriole, the song is euphemistic and beautiful. Competing to warm the trees: competing to fly to the sunny branches. Warm tree: a tree facing the sun.

Xinyan: A swallow just flew back from the south. Take it. Swallows nest with mud in their mouths. Look up and see what you can see in spring, singing and dancing, full of vitality. Focus on birds.

Miscellaneous flowers: numerous flowers. Gradually: adverb, gradually. Desire: adverb, will, will. Charming eyes: dazzling.

Asakusa: Asakusa.

Talent: Just right.

No (mà): Yes, yes.

Hudong: Taking Gushan as a reference, Baisha Dike (namely Bai Causeway) is in the northeast of Gushan. Insufficient lines: I can't get tired of traveling. That's enough. That's enough.

Yin: The same as "Yin" refers to the shade of trees. Baisha Dike: Today's Bai Causeway, also known as Sand Dike and Broken Bridge Dike, is located on the east bank of West Lake, which existed before the Tang Dynasty.

Creative background:

In July of the second year of Changqing (822 AD, Tang Muzong period), Bai Juyi was appointed as the secretariat of Hangzhou, and in March of Bao Liyuan (825 AD, Tang Jingzong period), he was appointed as the secretariat of Suzhou, so this song "Qiantang Spring Tour" was written in the spring of the third and fourth years of Changqing (823 and 824 AD).

Appreciate:

This is a famous poem describing the beauty of the West Lake. This poem captures the characteristics of the local environment and seasons, and depicts the West Lake, which has just put on a spring coat, as full of business and just right.

The first poem sticks to the theme and always writes about the lake. The previous sentence points out the location of Qiantang Lake and the surrounding "uneven towers". The use of two place names shows that the poet is walking and watching. On the front of the latter sentence, the lake is as bright as water: at the beginning of spring, the water surface is flush with the embankment, and the white clouds in the air are connected with the rippling waves on the lake, which is a typical water state of Jiangnan Spring Lake.

Couplets from static to dynamic, from panoramic freehand brushwork to detailed meticulous painting. First, write down what you can see when you look up. Yingying is singing and swallows are dancing, showing the vitality of spring. Both the oriole and the swallow are messengers of spring, and the warbler's voice is euphemistic, spreading the good news of spring returning to the earth; Swallows are hardworking, inspiring people to start working in spring. They all write the vitality of early spring. The word "several places" summarizes Ying Ge's call to the other and the poet's modality of seeking sound from left to right. The doubt about the word "whose family" shows the poet's delicate psychological activities and makes readers have rich associations.

Writing with a neckband overlooks the flowers and plants you see. Because it's early spring, and it's not the season for flowers to bloom, what we see is not colorful flowers, but a cluster of flowers in the east and a cluster in the west, which is described by the word "chaos". Spring grass does not grow luxuriantly, only it is not as long as horseshoe, so it is described by a word "shallow". The "gradual desire" and "talent" in this association are also the feelings and judgments of the poet's observation and appreciation, which makes the objective natural scenery become the scenery in the eyes with the poet's subjective feelings and infect readers.

These two couplets describe the scenery of the West Lake in detail, and express Yingying Yan's new arrival with "early", "new", "struggle" and "pecking". Using "chaos", "shallowness", "gradual desire" and "talent" to describe the thriving trend of flowers and plants accurately and vividly reveals the early spring weather that the poet felt while walking, giving people a fresh feeling. Xie Lingyun, a former poet, said, "Spring grass grows in the pool and willow turns into songbirds in the garden", which is wonderful in ancient and modern times and greatly appreciated because he wrote the joy of love at first sight when the four seasons change. The above two couplets of Qiantang Spring Tour are quite similar in artistic conception, but the white poems are more widely spread. William wrote about the poet's favorite sandbar in the east of the lake. Qiantang Lake, which runs through Bai Causeway, is located in the east of the lake and can win the whole lake. I saw that under the shade of Populus cathayana, the flat and slender white sand embankment was lying in the blue waves, and the people riding on the embankment were knitting and enjoying the beauty of spring. In the meantime, the poet enjoyed the lakes and mountains and was relaxed and happy. "Lack of action" means that the natural scenery is beautiful and the poet is still alive.

This poem is like a short and pithy travel note, from Gushan and Jiading to Hudong and Bai Causeway. Along the way, in the beautiful scenery of lakes and mountains, green mountains and green waters, the poet feasted his eyes, sang and danced, and was intoxicated by the birds and flowers. Finally, he reluctantly left along the white sand embankment under the shade of willows. My ears are still echoing the hymns of spring played by all things, and beautiful poems full of the interest of natural integration flow in my heart involuntarily.

Predecessors said that "Lotte's poems are full of emotions, which enter people's liver and spleen, follow things, and are everywhere" (Su Hua), and that "Lotte's poems are extremely profound and lovely, and they often take what is in front of them as their own words, while others have not done it" (China). The language of this poem is simple, fresh and natural, and carefully selected shots are written into the poem by line drawing. Vivid image, that is, the scene is emotional, and the author's joy when he visited the lake in the early spring with abundant business is worthy of the above comments.

About the author:

Bai Juyi (772-846), a native of Xinzheng, Henan Province, was born in Taiyuan, Lotte, Xiangshan, and drunk. He was a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty and one of the three great poets in the Tang Dynasty. Bai Juyi and Yuan Zhen * * * advocated the new Yuefu movement, and together with Liu Yuxi, they called the world "Bai Yuan" and "Bai Liu". Bai Juyi's poems have a wide range of themes, various forms and simple and popular language, and are known as "the poet's magic" and "the king of poets". Official to Hanlin bachelor, Zuo Zanshan doctor. In 846 AD, Bai Juyi died in Luoyang and was buried in Xiangshan. Up to now, there are Bai's "Changqing Collection", and the representative works include Song of Eternal Sorrow, Charcoal Man, Pipa Travel and so on.