The Mongolian diet is relatively rough, with mutton, milk, wild vegetables and pasta as the main raw materials. The cooking method is relatively simple, and baking is the most famous. Dishes advocate fullness and authenticity, and pay attention to the original flavor of raw materials.
The famous dishes in Inner Mongolia are: roast lamb leg, whole lamb mat, hand-grabbed mutton, milk dish, koumiss, naked wheat noodles, Zishan smoked chicken, dried meat, Hada cake, Mongolian pie, honey hemp leaves, Dexingyuan steamed dumplings and so on. Clothing: Mongolian traditional clothing is very distinctive. Both men and women like to wear Mongolian robes with edges, red, yellow and green ribbons around their waists, leather boots and felt boots on their feet, and red and blue cloth around their heads. Nowadays, except for the elderly, people usually wear uniforms on weekdays, and only wear Mongolian robes on festivals or wedding banquets. Women like to wear skirts or dresses in winter and summer, and cover the diet of Hui people in Baotou with various headscarves.
Mainly rice and noodles, eat cattle, sheep, chicken, fish and so on. Fried foods such as "sesame oil" and "prickly heat" on holidays. Hui people love to drink tea. When entertaining guests, add rock sugar and red dates to the tea. Muslim snacks enjoy a high reputation. Hui people (and people who believe in Islam) abstain from pigs, blood, animals that have died by themselves, wine and other unclean things, as well as "animals slaughtered in the name of non-Allah" (that is, animals and poultry that have not been slaughtered by imams). Among them, fasting pigs is the most stringent. Taboo others smoking and drinking in their own homes; When eating steamed bread and pancakes, avoid eating whole pieces, and be sure to break them into two or more small pieces to eat; Treat the ban on grain as a joke; Fasting cannot be used as a metaphor, for example, to describe the color of pepper as red as blood. Generally, men over middle age wear white hats, white shirts and black vests. Women wear black, white or green hijab, elderly women like to wear black big-breasted shirts and jackets, and rural women like to wear colorful clothes. ? Miao people have three meals a day in most areas, and rice is the staple food. Fried Baba is the most common fried food. If you add some fresh meat and sauerkraut as stuffing, the taste will be more delicious.
Most meat comes from livestock and poultry farming. Miao people in Sichuan and Yunnan all like to eat dog meat, and there is a saying that "Miao's dog is Yi's wine". In addition to animal oil, Miao people's edible oils are mostly tea oil and vegetable oil. Pepper is the main condiment, and in some areas there is even a saying that it is inseparable from pepper.
There are many kinds of Miao vegetables. Common vegetables are beans, melons, greens and radishes. Most Miao people are good at making bean products. Miao people everywhere generally like to eat sauerkraut, and sour soup is a must for every family. Sour soup is rice soup or tofu water, fermented in a crock for 3-5 days, and then used to cook fish and vegetables.
The food preservation of Miao people generally adopts pickling method, and vegetables, chickens, ducks and fish like to be pickled into sour taste. Almost every Miao family has a jar for curing food, which is collectively called a sour jar. Miao nationality has a long history of brewing, and has a set of techniques from koji making, fermentation, distillation, blending and cellar storage.
Camellia oleifera is the most common daily drink. Miao people in Xiangxi also specially made a kind of scented tea. Sour soup is also a common drink. Typical foods mainly include: blood soup, Chili bone, Miaoxiang Guifeng soup, cotton vegetable cake, insect tea, scented tea, fish paste, sour soup fish and so on. Clothing Miao costumes all over the country have their own characteristics. Before the founding of New China, men generally wore double-breasted or large-breasted jackets, and some wore robes, trousers, waist belts and feet in winter. Women's wear has many styles and bright colors. Usually you wear a long-breasted right-back shirt, waist-length, pleated skirt or wide shorts. Skirts vary in length, some are knee-length and some are only knee-length. Colors are indigo, cyan, black, purple and white. Some skirts are embroidered with lace. Especially the white skirt, with a little pattern, looks good and heavy. Men's casual wear is mostly navy, black and white. Wear wide-mouthed slacks. Women usually wear long black and batik dresses with black waist. The dress is not embroidered, and it is usually worn casually. Only on major festivals do they dress up to celebrate. The fabric is very good in texture, and the neckline, clothes and both sides are embroidered. From the 1960s and 1970s, young men gradually wore Chinese tunic suit, national defense suit, youth suit, casual suit or suit, and only the elderly people continued to wear traditional national costumes.
Before and after the establishment of the official New China, men mostly wrapped their heads in blue cloth, while women wrapped their heads in blue embroidered handkerchiefs. Sanjiang Miao men usually wrap their heads in a six-foot towel with sawtooth patterns embroidered on both sides, and a short tube is often inserted beside the towel, which is really natural and unrestrained. The handkerchief on the woman's head is wrapped in blue lace, and the corner of the handkerchief hangs over her shoulder. Some Miao men in Longsheng used to like to wear headscarves, but after the founding of New China, they changed to hats. Unmarried women now buy more flower towels and Baotou from the market, and often pack two or three at home, catching up with fairs, festivals and visiting relatives, and packing seven or eight; Married women wear black headscarves. Some people's black headscarves are five or six feet long. Fold them into inches and wrap them around their heads with wide strips. Usually I pack about one, and I pack about eight or nine when I'm happy to leave. They are as big as straw hats, so it doesn't matter how heavy they are.
Shoes and socks Before the middle of the Qing Dynasty, most Miao people were barefoot, and they didn't wear shoes until after the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. Men wear sandals and clogs, women wear linen sandals and single-beam cloth shoes on holidays. The toe of women's shoes is embroidered. Socks are cloth socks. After the founding of New China, fewer and fewer people made their own shoes, and more people went to shops to buy ready-made shoes and socks to wear.
In the old society, most Miao men shaved their heads and wore headscarves, while women wore long hair in a bun and blue cloth headscarves. After the founding of New China, men shaved their heads or parted their heads, and women tied buns or rolled headscarves on their heads.
Jewelry Women's jewelry includes silver hairpin, silver needle, honeysuckle, impatiens, ring, bracelet, syringe, silver chain, collar, anklet and so on. Miao girls in Longsheng often wear silver earrings on their heads, 1 ~ 4 pairs of bracelets on their wrists, three or five collars around their necks, silver chains around their waists and silver rings on their feet. Miao girls in Longlin area all wear bracelets, ranging from one pair to eight or nine pairs. There are more than ten kinds of silver ornaments worn by Miao girls in Sanjiang area, such as silver hairpin, silver bracelet, silver collar, silver ring, silver fan, silver flower and silver chain. If there are national festivals, girls wear silver ornaments on their heads, necks, hands, chests, waists and feet, and the whole body is glittering with silver flowers, weighing several kilograms to more than 20 kilograms. When getting married, the bride's silver ornaments are absolutely indispensable. Finally, the Dai people changed their eating habits. The Dai area is famous for producing rice, and glutinous rice is the main food. There are dozens of kinds of foods processed from glutinous rice, including fragrant bamboo rice, yellow rice, purple rice, dried rice, rice noodles, zongzi, thousand-layer rice cakes and various glutinous rice Baba. ? There are many kinds of Dai cuisine with strong national flavor. These dishes are good in color, fragrance, taste and shape, and have the characteristics of fragrance, sour, cold and spicy. From the production method, it can be divided into roasting, steaming, frying and pickling, and from the raw materials, it can be divided into meat, aquatic products, eggs, delicacies and vegetables. ? Meat is mainly pork, followed by beef, and chickens, ducks and geese are often eaten. Dai people live by water, which is rich in fish resources, and fish is a common food in their lives. Eggs are home-cooked dishes. Vegetables include melons, beans, Chinese cabbage, green vegetables, radishes and bamboo shoots. There are python meat, muntjac meat, bamboo rat meat, pheasant meat, red deer meat, wild pork and so on. ? Dai people have the custom of eating foreign objects. "Hundred Arts Biography" records: "Alien eaters: loach, eel, snake, mouse, dragonfly, salamander, dumpling, cicada, locust, ant, silicon, ground bee, etc." They also eat many strange foods, such as sand maggots in the sand and bamboo worms born in bamboo joints. Drinking is a great hobby of the Dai people. On weekdays, I often drink some wine. On holidays, you must drink heartily. Dai people are good at brewing wine from Gu Mi, and a glutinous rice shochu produced in Xishuangbanna is famous for its mellow taste and sweet taste. Most dishes of Dai people like hot and sour taste. Zanthoxylum bungeanum, ginger, onion, garlic, pepper, star anise, citronella, coriander and mint are all indispensable accessories. Dai people also like to eat unique plants for health care, such as bitter cold vegetables, tender branches and leaves of Acanthopanax senticosus, water Jue vegetables, coriander and other green plants, because these vegetables have the functions of clearing away lung heat and detoxifying, improving eyesight and strengthening brain. Clothing [edit this paragraph] Dai men's wear Dai men's wear is not much different. Generally speaking, it is simple and generous. The top is a collarless double-breasted or large-breasted small sleeve coat, and the bottom is wearing solid color wide waist pants, mostly white and cyan fabrics, and some wear wool hats. They like to wear blankets in cold weather and often go barefoot all year round. This kind of clothing is light and comfortable in farming and makes the wearer look handsome in dancing. It retains the ancient characteristics, such as "clothes facing forward", "wearing a cloth towel on the head, like to hang a backpack with a short knife", but the self-woven "homespun" is rarely used in clothing. Chinese tunic suit and suit have become the fashion of Dai youth. In recent years, small sleeve shirts with lapels and cardigans have appeared, the headscarf has been replaced by pink and green fans, and the pants are still the same.
Dai men generally don't wear ornaments, and occasionally find a shiny silver bracelet on their wrists. Gold teeth and silver teeth are their hobbies. They usually pull out their front teeth and replace them with gold or silver dentures. In the past, there was a custom of tattooing, in which liger, Kirin, peacock and other figures or patterns were written on the chest, back, abdomen and limbs to show courage or pray for good luck. [Edit this paragraph] Dai women's clothing Dai women pay attention to clothing, pursue light, beautiful and elegant clothing, and coordinate the colors of clothing, which is extremely excellent. It is a remarkable feature of Dai costumes that young women wear them on their heads. Dai women wear all kinds of tight underwear, light-colored shirts with big breasts or narrow sleeves, and colorful skirts with various patterns. Dai women like to tie their long hair into a bun and insert combs, hairpins or flowers on the bun as decoration. Dai women like to wear jewelry, generally made of gold and silver, mostly hollowed out, engraved with exquisite patterns and patterns. Tie a delicate silver belt around your waist. It is said that this silver belt is very precious and has been handed down from generation to generation by my mother. In fact, this is a token. If a girl gives a young man a silver belt, it means that she has fallen in love with him. Such clothes dress them up beautifully and elegantly.
Dai women are generally slim, pure and beautiful, graceful and generous, so they are called "golden peacocks". They are not only beautiful, but also good at dressing up, dressing themselves up as beautiful as flowers and pure as jade with unique costumes. Dai women generally like to wear short sleeves and skirts to fully show their slim figure. Wear white or crimson underwear on it, with a tight coat, narrow sleeves and big collar, and double-breasted ones in pink, light yellow, light green, white, sky blue and other colors. Nowadays, it is mostly sewn with georgette, silk, polyester and other materials. Narrow-sleeved jacket tightly wrapped around the arm, almost no gap. Many people also like to sew with flesh-colored materials. If you don't look carefully, you can't see the sleeves. The front and back skirts are waist-high and tightly wrapped around your body. The short-sleeved shirt and skirt are tied with a silver belt, and the skirt is ankle-length. The waist is slim and small, and the hem is wide. This kind of clothing of Dai women fully shows the beauty of women's chest, waist and buttocks. In addition, the fabric used is soft and bright, which gives people a sense of elegance whether walking or doing things.
Today's Dai women wear elegant collarless and sleeveless corsets inside (Dai women in towns mostly wear bras), collarless and sleeveless corsets outside, tube skirts below, short skirts to the waist and long skirts to the ground. Long skirts are discounted, and the waist is often tied with a silver belt. Obviously, when they are folded, they are folded, which makes women have clear curves and slender lower limbs, showing a slim and graceful figure. Women in cities and towns have rarely wrapped towels, and most of them are tied in a bun at the top, decorated with flower arrangements, pins and cards, which is even more graceful. The colors of the dress are malachite green, light green, fleshy red pink, light yellow and light yellow. Most fabrics are made of thin and soft georgette, polyester or brocade. When going out for a rally or a fair, you should wear fashionable leather shoes and sandals, hang a bag on your elbow, and hold a flower umbrella to keep out the scorching sun and show beautiful and moving style everywhere. Clothing style is developing towards elegance, softness, brightness and elegance on the basis of absorbing the "essence" of traditional clothing. It further shows the colorful characteristics of peacock feathers in the hometown of peacocks.