Cultural customs are in the profound tea culture art garden with a long history in the motherland. Hakka tea is a unique flower in southern Jiangxi, western Fujian, eastern Guangdong, central Hunan, southern Hunan, northern Sichuan, Taiwan Province Province and Hong Kong. It is famous for its simplicity and magic, as well as its health care and magic. Hakka people are warm and hospitable, and it is a traditional common courtesy to treat guests with tea. Whether it's a wedding celebration or visiting relatives and friends, please have tea. Hakkas make tea, and women are good at it. There is a set of tools called "three treasures of tea smashing": one is a ceramic bowl with a diameter of 50 cm and a thick groove on the inner wall; The second is a rolling pin about 85 cm long made of the trunk of the superior hawthorn or camellia oleifera; The third is to filter the broken slag and make tea with a "ladle" made of bamboo sticks. Put a handful of good tea, sesame seeds, a few pieces of licorice, etc. Put it into a grinding bowl, hold a grinding rod and grind it regularly along the inner wall of the bowl, or occasionally knock it in the middle of the bowl to grind the tea leaves into mud, that is, filter out the residue with a spoon, and the paste food left in the bowl is called "tea mud" or "tea mud". Then pour boiling water, stir properly, and add fried rice, peanuts, watercress, rice fruit, scalded skin, etc. , is a pot of tea which is fragrant, sweet, bitter and spicy. When tasting tea, the tea table overflows with attractive fragrance, and when tasting, the mouth is full of saliva and the aroma is overflowing; Two deep drinks make you look immortal and feel good. Historical origins The history of smashing tea goes back to ancient times. There is a legend in Fujian called "Uncle Lei of She nationality in Jianyang County, who was the first to make tea". There is a story about "Zhuge Liang marched into central Hunan, plagued by plague, and the old woman made tea to drive away the disease". Relevant literary records are also scattered in some ancient books, such as Huang Sheng's poem "Home of the Liver and Fetus" in Yulin Poetry, which reads: "There are two or three straw houses by the road, which shows that the guests are beating their horses. The Central Plains has a good pronunciation, and I don't know that Huaishui is the end of the world. " Studying hemp and making tea for customers was the custom in Jiangnan at that time. In addition, Mr. Wang Zengqi quoted "Beijing Jisheng, Teahouse", "Selling Tea in Winter" and "Selling Qibao Tea in Winter"; Quoting the old saying that "Hangzhou people eat 30 pieces of wood a day", it shows that in the history of the Southern Song Dynasty, it was peaceful and prosperous, with a large population, and smashing tea was quite popular, even consuming a lot of wooden dates and pestles every day. Making Hakka tea is a scientific and reasonable ingredient. In addition to using tea and sesame as the main raw materials, the ingredients can be changed at any time. In hot and humid spring and summer, tender wormwood leaves, mint leaves and rhizoma corydalis can be used; When the wind is dry in autumn, you can choose calendula or white chrysanthemum and honeysuckle; In cold winter, cinnamon, pepper, cinnamon and Ligusticum chuanxiong can be used. It can also be mixed with different ingredients according to people's needs to form a variety of multifunctional "tea scraps". If Herba Artemisiae Scopariae, Radix Paeoniae Alba and Radix Glycyrrhizae are added, it is "clearing away heat and breaking tea"; Adding Houttuynia cordata, Pogostemon cablin and dried tangerine peel is "heatstroke prevention tea". According to medical research, tea mashing has a unique effect of exorcising evil spirits and strengthening the body for Hakka people who live in ravines all the year round. Look at the old Hakkas. They are healthy, energetic, less sick and less painful. It can't be said that they often drink Hakka tea. Whenever Hakkas come back from work and enter the guest house, they should drink a bowl of tea before eating to relieve hunger. Hakka people often use glutinous rice to make Ciba, or rice to make rice fruit (Baba) as snacks. So there is a saying: "Drink tea, eat Baba, keep fit and have fun." Therefore, this peculiar Hakka tea is a "Hakka health drink" with the same medicine and food and delicious taste. Tea has a variety of ingredients, and different condiments and drugs can be added due to different cold and heat or different meat and vegetables, but the production process is basically the same. Hot and humid in spring and summer, fresh wormwood leaves and mint leaves are commonly used; Dry autumn wind, choose calendula or white chrysanthemum and honeysuckle; In cold winter, cinnamon, meat pillars, Chuanxiong and so on are used. Proved by traditional Chinese medicine, the tea set has the effects of promoting fluid production to quench thirst, preventing wind and dispelling cold, stimulating appetite and strengthening spleen, clearing away heat and toxic materials, clearing away liver heat and improving eyesight, moistening skin and caring skin, and prolonging life. In Shibi, the ancestral home of Hakkas, every household makes a bowl of ordinary tea every day, and when they come back to drink a few bowls after work, the happiness of the day disappears. Guests coming from afar, drinking a bowl will refresh their minds, satisfy their hunger and thirst, and be beneficial to their health. Vegetarian tea is a unique variety of Shibi tea. Meat tea is made of lard pickled in winter, with seasoning, fried shredded pork or small intestine, fried tofu, dried vermicelli, leek and so on. , and soak in tea; Vegetarian dishes are mixed with pure tea oil, and then cooked peanuts, mung beans, glutinous rice, sweet potato vermicelli, dried noodles and so on. According to legend, when Liu Bei led his troops to the south of the Yangtze River, it was hot, and the soldiers were not acclimatized, vomiting and diarrhea one by one, and the military camp became a ward. This can be anxious for Liu Bei, seeking medical treatment and sending medicine everywhere, and doing nothing. A Hakka old lady was very kind when she heard this. She mobilized Hakka people from door to door to make a large number of tea scraps with the "Three Treasures of Tea Scraps", which greatly reduced the pain of Liu Bei's soldiers after drinking. Since then, Hakka broken tea has become more famous. Su Feng Leicha is a special drink of Hakka people, and its production and flavor are unique. The tools for "beating" tea are holding bowls and beating bowls. The former takes coarse edible miscellaneous wood, such as camphor tree, nanmu, maple, tea and so on. , 2-4 feet long, the upper end is suspended by a ring groove tether, and the lower end is round for easy rolling; The latter is a special pottery basin with fine teeth formed by radial grooves on the inner wall, which is large and small and is in the shape of an inverted cone. The basic raw materials for making tea are tea leaves, rice, sesame seeds, soybeans, peanuts, salt, orange peel, and sometimes some herbs are added. In fact, tea is not all tea, there are many varieties that can be used as tea. In addition to using old tea leaves, young leaves of some wild plants are also collected, such as hawthorn leaves, isatis leaves and snow potato leaves in Chinese medicine. , no less than ten kinds. After washing, cooking, fermentation, sun drying and other processes, a large number of preparations can be used all year round. The added herbs vary according to the season and climate. For example, spring and summer are warm, and fresh herbs such as Artemisia argyi, mint, Phyllanthus urinaria and so on. It is commonly used. Dry autumn wind, choose marigold or white chrysanthemum; In cold winter, you can use bamboo leaves pepper or cinnamon. The ingredients are ready and put in the same bowl. Generally operate in a sitting position. Hold the bowl with your left hand or only your legs, and hold it tightly with your right hand or hands. The round end of the bowl rolls around the inner wall of the bowl frequently until the raw materials are rolled into mushy tea paste, poured into boiling water and sprinkled with chopped green onion, which becomes a daily drink. According to legend, tea smashing originated from the "medicinal drink" of herbs smashed by people in the Central Plains. Hakka ancestors worked hard and easily got angry during their migration. In order to prevent "six evils" from causing diseases, they often collect herbs for clearing away heat and toxic materials. There are many herbs available in Jiangnan, and "tea" is one of them. Tea, called Jia in ancient times, is called Compendium of Materia Medica. It has many functions, such as clearing away heat, relieving summer heat, quenching thirst, promoting fluid production and so on, so it has become an essential material for medicine and drinking. Later, some people added some foods to medicinal drinks and improved them into home-cooked drinks with strong local flavor. After coming back from work, enjoy a bowl beautifully, sweet and clean, refreshing. If it is used to wash rice, it smells fragrant and especially refreshing. Whenever ordinary guests arrive, a spoonful of rice and a handful of fried beans can be stirred into tea and served. Amazingly, smashing tea does not exclude any "ingredients", and almost all foods can be added, well-known, coarse and refined. It is convenient for farmers to get materials. Beans, rice, peanuts, dried vermicelli and the like should be cooked first and washed with clear water; Mushrooms, bamboo shoots, spices and meat should be fried separately before adding; Sesame rice flowers can be directly sprinkled into tea. Stir well with a spoon to get the best product. It can quench thirst and satisfy hunger, and it is economical and practical to entertain guests. Hakka people are hospitable. When they drink tea, the more people eat, the more bowls they eat. The host holds this bowl and scoops that bowl, talking and laughing, and the feelings can be fully communicated. The stars have changed and history has changed. Nowadays, there is no tea smashing in many places, but Jiangle still retains this ancient eating custom and is full of local customs. The main tools for making tea with music are: bowls, made of clay, with an inner diameter of about one foot, inverted frustum-shaped, with groove-shaped hard twists; Beating pestle, made of camellia trunk, 2 feet long; Fences, that is, bamboo spoons, are used to filter residue. The materials used in tea crushing are very particular, mainly: white and full sesame seeds, fragrant green tea, peanuts, orange peel and licorice. The method of making tea is unique. First, sesame, tea and other raw materials are put into a mortar and ground with a pestle. When they are ground into pulp, they are brewed with boiling water, and then the dregs are removed with a sieve. The fragrance is fragrant, white as amber, and refreshing and delicious tea is made. There are many kinds of Jiangle tea. It can be made due to the climate change in four seasons and different human conditions, and has the functions of quenching thirst, preventing diseases and strengthening the body. According to the verification of traditional Chinese medicine, drinking tea regularly has the effects of expelling wind and cold, clearing liver and improving eyesight, moistening lung and strengthening stomach. A slight change in composition will be infinitely useful. Adding Houttuynia cordata Thunb, Pogostemon Pogostemonis, Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, etc. can dispel dampness and prevent heatstroke, so it is called heatstroke prevention tea. Combined with phoenix tail, airplane grass leaf, copper grass, etc. It has the effect of clearing away heat and detoxifying, which is called clearing away heat and breaking tea. All these, to name a few. Please have tea, which is a traditional social means for Jiang Le. Every wedding birthday, housewarming, family gatherings and neighborhood visits, we often treat each other with tea. When the child wins the college entrance examination, the parents will invite the teacher to have tea at home. A big bowl of respect, a small bowl of Tim, to show that I don't forget the deep affection of the tutor's cultivation. There are generally loose, sweet, fragrant and crisp sweets, biscuits, melon seeds, peanuts and other tea auxiliary foods on the tea table. Tea banquet is a simple custom book. The table was lined up, surrounded by men, women and children. The guests here are drinking tea, talking about the present and the past, talking and laughing; The hostess over there holds a rolling pin and rotates rhythmically in the bowl, sometimes like a mountain stream, sometimes like a couple singing, forming a three-dimensional folk map. China is the hometown of tea, and the tea culture in China has a long history. As an ancient and unique way of drinking tea, Lelei tea is deeply loved by people and is called "the heritage of ancient tea culture".