Chi Zijian is an outstanding contemporary female writer. Her novels have plain language and unique artistic charm. Chi Zijian is an outstanding modern female writer. Her life experience in the Arctic village makes her novel language plain and charming. Rhetoric can be seen everywhere in Chi Zijian's novels. This paper will analyze the language of Chi Zijian's novels from various rhetorical ways.
First, Chi Zijian's analysis of figures of speech in his novels.
Rhetoric is usually the modification and adjustment of language, that is, the comprehensive artistic processing of language. [1] Mr. Chen Wangdao said: "The first meaning of rhetoric is to conform to the theme". [2] People who can use language freely must also have a strong ability to control figures of speech. Clever use of figures of speech can add some chewy appendages to the original plain language, so that reading from sentences to articles is like enjoying a language feast, which is thought-provoking. Chi Zijian often uses a variety of figures of speech in his novels, the most important of which are metaphor, analogy, exaggeration and repetition.
(A) the use of metaphor
The metaphors commonly used in Chi Zijian's novels are very common in people's daily life. She doesn't like to use some strange things as metaphors, but this doesn't affect her metaphors, but makes her novels more unique.
1. Plant as the carrier
(1) Take edible plants as a metaphor.
Six big white geese saw her from the geese? The room is buzzing and gathering together, and the necks of geese are towering like tall and straight bamboo shoots. (tinkling of a tin shop)
(2) I sat at the gate, expecting, expecting, as night fell, the moon kept arching in the mountains, and finally arched a little, golden and slender, like the edge of a bean sprout. (Fairy Tales in the Arctic Village)
The ontology is a big white goose, which is a metaphor for bamboo shoots. The white goose is compared to a tall and straight bamboo shoot, all of which are white upright objects with similar shapes. Bamboo shoots are delicious ingredients, which highlights the hero's love for the big white goose. Moreover, the master has been doing idle work at home since she dropped out of school, which conforms to her role identity and personality and reflects her simplicity. In Example 2, the noumenon is the waning moon, which is a metaphor for bean sprouts. Canyue and bean sprouts are similar things, and the author can relate them to show that his childlike innocence is still there. After dark, "I" always sneaks out of the house to play with a grandmother I don't know, but this can't let grandma know, and vividly writes "I"' s desire to sneak out and play with grandma as soon as it gets dark.
(2) Take flowers as carriers
Flowers themselves are beautiful things. Chi Zijian likes to use flowers as metaphors or satires, placing flowers with strong emotional colors to achieve unexpected results and arouse readers' imagination and resonance.
She came running, squatted down and patted me on the face. "Grandma, your skirt is like a morning glory." I took her by the shoulder and said to her. (Fairy Tales in the Arctic Village)
In the example, the ontology is grandma's skirt, and the metaphor is morning glory. It is very vivid to write grandma's dress as morning glory, which not only shows her love for grandma, but also expresses the naughty and lovely "I" I like my grandma very much. She taught me to read, sing, guess riddles and so on. I hope grandma can always be so happy.
2. Take animals as metaphors
Chi Zijian chose animals with different shapes as metaphors, including small animals such as butterflies, flies, cats and dogs, and giant animals such as tigers and bears, which reflected different emotional characteristics. For example:
I remember the last day I left the field, and the last three rafts left full of wood. The raft went further and further, and finally it was as small as three butterflies flying on the water. (The woodcutter's house is clear on the cloud)
The slave picked up a brick and rushed out of the house, crying and shouting, "Get out, you old bitches, and stay away from my house, or I'll smash your heads with a brick!" " (Beautiful slaves on the shore)
The scene of the raft leaving with wood echoes the hero's mood of leaving. He watched the raft go further and further, and finally it was as small as three butterflies, which profoundly showed his helplessness and sadness at parting. The author uses a bitch as a metaphor for a gossip woman.
3. Taking people as carriers
Metaphors in Chi Zijian's novels are not uncommon. People themselves are thinking. In sports, human metaphors are unique that other animals and plants do not have. Among them, she likes to use female images as metaphors. Girls, pregnant women, etc. It can be used by her as a metaphor to give things human feelings and express rich human feelings, which can easily resonate with readers.
Wanrong doesn't like those chubby red fish either. They are more like a group of well-dressed old girls who can't get married in the boudoir for a long time. (Puppet Manchukuo)
In this example, the red fish is compared to a girl. A plump red fish is as attractive as a girl who has been in the attic for a long time, but red fish can't be eaten. Like an unmarried old girl, it has not fulfilled its physiological mission.
Chi Zijian uses a large number of figurative rhetoric devices in his novels, which are varied and varied, adding a bit of interest to the seemingly ordinary language and making the plain language shine.
(B) the use of analogy
Compared with this rhetorical device, it has a leap of thought, which can make readers give full play to their imagination, have a vivid impression on what they want to describe, feel the author's feelings and arouse strong resonance. This figure of speech is often used in Chi Zijian's novels.
1. avatar
Writing things with people, endowing "things" with people's words and deeds or thoughts and feelings, and making things have people's characteristics, such as personality, behavior and feelings. Mainly use the words describing people to describe or state things, stimulate readers' association, narrow the distance between readers and things, make readers trigger life experience, from things to people, enhance the image color of things and enrich the emotional information of language. For example:
(1) But on that day, when the washerwoman ordered Luo to roll the noodles and leggings for her family, she suddenly heard a whirring wind outside, which roared and shook the poplar trees. ("Yangko")
(2) Two empty nets are laid together, and the morning light caresses them gently, so that each net has a soft luster. ("Lost Sichuan")
Writing the wind and poplars as adults, the wind will scream and shake the poplars, and the poplars will moan, all of which are the actions and behaviors of gifted scholars, vividly showing readers the image of the wind and poplars being blown to the east and west, making readers naturally associate and deepen their impressions. The sudden wind blowing on the day of Personal Life is an ominous sign, which lays the groundwork for the misfortune of the characters behind. Writing the sunshine as an adult, giving it human behavior, humanizing the sunshine, caressing the empty net and comforting those who didn't catch fish are actually comforting the hero who has nothing to gain-Ji. 2. Simulator
Writing people as things is like things, which makes people have the modality or action of things; Or write a thing as a thing, imitate a thing, and make it have the characteristics or modality of a thing. For example:
He and Yu Meizhen can go to Dalian to see their son and the sea when they are old. He imagined these splendid pictures with alacrity, and then looked at the second primary school as lively as a pony with deep affection. (tinkling of a tin shop)
He and his wife's expectation for their son's second child is that in those poor days, the child can grow very strong and write the child as a pony, giving him the vigor and vitality of the horse and arousing readers' association. The second child is the couple's hope. They expect their son to have a bright future and lead them to live a happy life.
(C) the use of exaggeration
In order to achieve a certain effect, deliberately exaggerate, exaggerate, narrow or guide the description of objective people and things. It is often used with other figures of speech to better express the psychology of characters and shape their images. For example:
(1) turned off the TV in a fit of pique, and smashed a piece of scrap iron that shouldn't have been smashed in the yard with a hammer, so it was broken at dusk. (tinkling of a tin shop)
The rain is getting heavier, the car is driving slower and slower, and the tarpaulin is ringing. It feels like a river falling from the sky instead of a rain bead. ("a can of lard")
Example (1) exaggeration and analogy are used together. Strike the iron after you get angry, and your strength will be great. The author didn't describe it directly, but exaggerated that the sound could break the dusk. It is conceivable that the size is very angry, but he doesn't want to explain directly, so he can only vent his anger in this way. The author uses this exaggerated technique to express his introverted personality and the degree of anger incisively and vividly. I don't like it when traveling on rainy days. Besides, the heroine travels with her children on rainy days, and the rain falls from the sky like a river. Used with this metaphor, it is obvious that no matter how heavy the rain is, it can't be the same amount of water as a river. It is an exaggeration of success to write down the heavy rain like this.
reuse
To repeat a word or sentence deliberately in order to highlight a certain meaning or emphasize a certain feeling. This metaphor is repetition. Although Chi Zijian didn't use figures of speech as frequently as metaphor and analogy in his writing, it played an important role in his works.
I feel hairy and chest tightness. My eyes were blurred and I was shivering with cold, as if someone had coated me with ice. I leaned my head on my little brother's shoulder feebly, knowing nothing. Very tired, very tired. (Fairy Tales in the Arctic Village)
In the example, "I'm so tired" appeared twice, emphasizing the situation that "I'm so tired that I gradually lost consciousness and fell asleep".
Chi Zijian comprehensively uses various rhetorical devices to make her works more artistic and expressive, which is not only the author's own emotional expression, but also the scene she wants to present to readers, thus further deepening the reader's impression, leaving readers more room for thinking and imagination, and making the unique artistic charm of her novels more profound and thorough.
Second, the reasons for the formation of figures of speech in Chi Zijian's novels
(A) hometown complex
Chi Zijian was born in Arctic Village, a small village in Heilongjiang, northeast of China. She lived there until she was admitted to Daxinganling Teachers College. The unique geographical features and cultural styles in Northeast China have a great influence on her. She appeared in the literary world by writing about her hometown. In Chi Zijian's literary creation, she naturally draws materials from her hometown, where it snows for half a year and there are few green plants, so she is very fond of plants, and all kinds of plants often appear in her works. For example, in "Fairy Tales in the Arctic Village", when she described "Aunt", she wrote that "her long skirt sweeps the floor and rotates naturally like a blooming morning glory". Comparatively speaking, all kinds of plants that are common in hometown life are also used as imitations. For example, in Chuanchuan, "Their images are like thick black birch trees on the banks of Chuanchuan", and women are written as birch trees; At the same time, Chi Zijian will also use animals familiar with the life in his hometown as imitations and apply them to the comparison. For example, "It's a little cold outside, the stars are jumping in the yard like crickets, and he sees the lights in the room" in "Foggy Moon Cowpen" It can be seen that Chi Zijian's writing materials are more inclined to his favorite hometown, more inclined to ordinary and popular things, and then present simple and sincere literary characteristics.
(2) Personal preference
Chi Zijian said in the overseas edition of People's Daily that I like cooking very much and I am a good cook. When she goes to bed at night, she has to think about two things for the next day, one is how the plot of the novel develops, and the other is what to eat. Chi Zijian thinks that "eating" plays a role in novels, just like human breathing. You can't let the characters talk about "spirit" in their works without eating or drinking, can you? This goes against common sense of life. Of course, if you cook without restraint, novels will become recipes. Therefore, it is not surprising that Chi Zijian uses edible plants as metaphors in his writing. For example, in Tinker Bell in Tie Yang Store, "After a while, a shiny pigtail hangs handsomely. Those braids look like harvested ears of wheat "; Chi Zijian likes the forest very much and likes to play in it, so all kinds of small animals have become the object of her rhetoric, so that animals of different sizes will appear in the metaphor. For example, in "Primitive Scenery", "Grandmothers and relatives around the dining table rushed out of the house like pounded bees, but at this time my second aunt greeted her calmly from the garden." In "Yangko", "When she saw her old man like this, she bowed her head and laughed a series of voices, as if a fish had made a series of blisters in the water:' It's so embarrassing to be old!' ""It's all animal metaphors, so it's natural and appropriate.
Chi Zijian's novels have made great contributions to literature, and her language is plain and there is no lack of unique artistic charm, which is inseparable from the characteristics of her rhetoric. Through the analysis of figures of speech in Chi Zijian's novels, we can understand the creative connotation and artistic characteristics of his works more deeply.