Why? Your tutor has been through many battles and read countless articles. Xiang Heng won't know that you haven't even figured out what the most basic paper is. But in fact, when most people write their graduation thesis for the first time, they really don't understand what the thesis is. I haven't even seen a decent piece of paper. In this case, reading a lot of literature will only delay time, and the more you read, the more chaotic it will be.
Because each document is very long, there are many papers with very poor word order (probably the result of losing weight), and it will take a long time to read them from beginning to end. Thirdly, if you haven't written a paper, you may not know the difference between garbage and essence. Knowing that there are many papers on the Internet, it is no exaggeration to say that reading many junk documents will not help your research results. For example, you have never been in the kitchen, and you can't even choose and cut vegetables, so you start to study the chef's recipes and prepare to cook a big dish. Do you think there are some steps missing?
So, don't download a bunch of documents until you know the structure of the paper (even if you download them with you, you won't understand them).
Therefore, the first step in writing a thesis is suggested: you need to know what the structure of a qualified graduation thesis is.
Whether you are an undergraduate or a graduate student, whether you are a liberal arts student, a business student or a science student, your graduation thesis has a relatively fixed structure. Graduation thesis is generally divided into 5-6 chapters. There may be some differences according to the requirements of various schools or disciplines, but they are basically the same structure.
Chapter one: Introduction.
Chapter two: theoretical basis (or literature review)
Chapter three: research hypothesis.
Chapter four: the process of argumentation.
Chapter 5: Research conclusion.
Chapter 6: Research deficiency and prospect.
Although the topic and content of each subject are not exactly the same, the text is the same idea, and these chapters are interlocking, and each chapter needs the support of the previous chapter.
Chapter one: Introduction.
The first chapter generally contains several secondary titles: research background, research purpose and significance, research methods, paper structure and so on.
As soon as you listen to the title, you will know that this part of the field is full of empty talk, mainly the research background and purpose. Since you chose this topic with your eyes closed, you can write all these contents. I suggest you have a preliminary idea in your mind first, so don't worry about writing it. Suggestions are written at the end of the paper. It is not recommended to write a paper in chapter order, for example, the introduction part can be placed in the back position. ) I will talk about the writing order in the second step.
Chapter two: theoretical basis (or literature review)
Some of them are relatively important, because the biggest difference between writing a paper and writing other articles is that every point of view and conclusion you put forward must have a source-either through your own experiments or supported by previous research results. Therefore, this part of the celebration is equivalent to the foundation stone of Gai Lou.
But from another point of view, this part is precisely because it is the basis of the previous research, and a large part of the content is cited literature. Basically, the first draft doesn't need to be written by yourself, so it doesn't take much time to lose weight. Strictly speaking, it must be based on theory before the next step can be carried out. But if you need to play cards according to common sense today, I don't need to write an answer. Since I'm talking about writing my graduation thesis, my trick is that this step can be written after the core part. I will introduce the writing order in detail in the second step.
Insert a quotation here. For the quotation format, please refer to the quotation marking standards of each school. You can mark it while writing, or you can mark it uniformly after writing.
Chapter 3: Propose the research hypothesis.
It and the fourth chapter are the core of full-text writing! Please note that I am talking about the core of writing, not the core of the defense and the whole paper (the core of the whole paper is generally Chapter III and Chapter V), but for writing a paper, these two chapters are what I suggest to be completed first. Because of different disciplines, the differences between the two festivals are quite big, but the general direction is the same. I take my thesis (sociology) as an example.
The content of my third chapter is empirical analysis, and the subheadings are interview and investigation, research hypothesis and model establishment, questionnaire design and data collection.
In short, the third chapter generally discusses what research hypotheses you put forward on the basis of the theory in the second chapter. It is also the core point of your whole literary theory.
Chapter four: the process of argumentation.
Generally speaking, it is the process of analyzing the collected data on the basis of the research hypothesis put forward in chapter 3 to verify whether your hypothesis is valid. This ear rolling part usually takes a long time (but not writing time, but research time), because there will be a process of calculation or research. (and if there is a problem with the verification result, you have to do it again and again. )
Chapter 5: Research conclusion.
In fact, this part is very important in the whole paper, especially in applied disciplines. Because he not only explains what conclusions you have drawn from your research, but also explains which assumptions you put forward in the third chapter are valid and which ones are not. It is also related to the significance of your research results or the results of your thesis, and whether it has practical value.
Please remember: when writing a paper, the conclusion of chapter 5 is the focus, not the difficulty.
Why do you say that? Because as long as the third and fourth chapters are done well, the conclusion of the fifth chapter is a matter of course, which can basically be achieved in one go. But if the third and fourth chapters get stuck, or there are all kinds of mistakes, then the fifth chapter will not be written smoothly. So once again, the third and fourth chapters are the biggest difficulties in writing.
Chapter 6: Simplicity: Research deficiency and prospect.
Personally, I think this part doesn't matter, because every paper is not perfect. When you write, you will find 10 thousand defects. Therefore, at the end of self-criticism, choose a few questions with weak principles, such as: the scope of research object is not wide enough, the theoretical model can be refined and so on. I hope future generations can continue to study and look forward to it. Here, you can learn from other people's literature how I criticize and expect, which is basically a routine.
At this point, I believe you have understood the general contents of each chapter, and then you can enter the second step, which is also an important step at this stage: the "simple operation" of writing order and time allocation.
Step 2: On the basis of understanding the structure, arrange the writing order and time input of each chapter. Why do I say it is important to arrange writing order and time allocation? Anyone who has written a paper should have a good idea in his mind. Even if you are given enough time to write your thesis for one year, you will definitely put it off no longer. DDL is the primary productive force. I don't believe you have the ability to start writing papers at a constant speed every day six months in advance. Who isn't finally driven crazy by DDL and keeps up with the progress every day?
Therefore, with this Sao operation sequence and reasonable allocation of time input, even if the time is tight, the paper can still be completed as scheduled.
The most effective writing order is as follows:
Let me briefly explain why this arrangement is made: firstly, as mentioned in the first chapter, the third, fourth and fifth chapters are the core of the whole paper. In fact, when you are preparing the topic, the plan of these three chapters should have taken shape. If there had been an experimental study, it would have been done almost long ago. Therefore, it is most efficient to write the core part when the research process is still hot.
If you have finished these four chapters, then the first draft of your thesis is basically 90% finished. The last two chapters, the first chapter introduction and the sixth chapter deficiency and prospect, are watering, which is absolutely ethereal.
Finally, talk about time allocation:
In terms of time allocation, the chapters written in the writing order just now: Chapter III (Proposing Hypothesis)-Chapter IV (Demonstration Process)-Chapter V (Research Conclusion)-Chapter II (Theoretical Summary)-Other (Random) are given and deleted in turn.
Why do you arrange your time like this? First of all, importance determines the allocation of time. This has been explained above. Second, if the time is really too late, you can copy and paste the last part from the second chapter and then check it again, and finish the first draft first. Then the weight is checked by reducing the weight and modifying the weight to gain time.
Step 3: Download relevant literature and read only the core part.
Although I don't agree that you should read a lot of documents at the beginning, you can download and read the documents in a targeted way after completing the framework of the paper and the second step of writing. But reading literature is also skillful: first of all, through the first two steps, you are familiar with the structure and routine of the paper and know where the core of each paper is, so when you start reading literature, you just need to look at its core.
Generally speaking, it only takes a few minutes to read the abstract first. If you think it has certain reference value, first pull to the research conclusion in chapter 5, and then look at the hypothetical model in chapter 3. Basically mastered the core content of this article. By selecting some documents that you think are of reference value, you only need to select a few elite articles as the key reference content. Then you may ask, do you really need to read all the necessary references to write a paper? Hey, hey, there is a little trick to share. There are bound to be many cited articles in the selected papers. You can follow suit and directly quote the documents cited in other people's papers.
Step 4: Start writing in the arranged order.
In fact, this step has been described in detail in the second step. This is just a reminder of the steps. The first three steps are actually the preparation stage, and the real writing begins here!
Step 5: hand in the first draft.
The writing of the first draft is a process from 0 to 1, which must be painful and massive, but remember, at this stage of the first draft, because of the huge workload, don't pursue perfection, just follow my above method to complete the word count task. Completion is more important than perfection at this time! There is a saying circulating on the Internet: "When you paste the first draft of your paper and hand it in, you successfully transfer the pain to your tutor, because he will worry about how to correct your paper.
I won't elaborate on the revision of the tutor, because the requirements of different tutors in different schools and the degree of review vary widely. The responsible tutor will give you comments and revisions paragraph by paragraph, and many tutors won't even read them. But no matter what kind of tutor you are, you still have to remember that the thesis still depends on yourself.
Here, I praise my tutor without my real name. I have carefully revised my thesis and even found out the format problems one by one, so that I can constantly optimize the details after the first draft and avoid a lot of trouble. move ...
Step 6: Lose weight
After the tutor has revised it almost, it is the link of losing weight. When writing the first draft, the debt that was fooled at that time should be paid off now, but don't be scared. Technically, it is not difficult.
It is suggested that the first weight loss test should be conducted from the school library, and there will be detailed repeated marks for easy modification. If the number of duplicate checking provided by the school is limited, you can also use reliable duplicate checking systems such as tadpole paper and VIP, and then modify and reduce the weight according to the duplicate checking report.
Generally, the place with the highest duplicate checking rate is the theoretical basis, because there may be large sections of copy and paste, and there are many references. There is no shortcut to lose weight, but there is no technical difficulty. Just use Chinese knowledge to restate other people's views in your own words. That's why I ask you not to put the theoretical foundation in such a front position and start writing, and it doesn't take too much time to copy and paste first, and then modify sentence by sentence when the weight is reduced, but at this time, there is no difficulty and it only takes a little time. Below, I attach some papers summarized before to you, weight loss skills.
Step 7: typesetting, adjusting details and submitting the final draft-please pursue perfection.
Don't underestimate typesetting and detail adjustment. Although each school has different requirements for typesetting and norms, rigorous typesetting and avoiding low-level mistakes are the embodiment of academic norms, and can also avoid the tutor's criticism of your academic imprecision in the defense to the greatest extent. In this respect, general schools will have their own standard manuals, mainly careful and careful! And revise the standardization in strict accordance with the requirements.
Finally, I wish you all the best in your graduation thesis.