Wild rice planting techniques
One, choose a good seed plant
Because gray wild rice and male wild rice are naturally produced every year in a normal wild rice field, it is necessary to choose a seed every year. In some of the new introduction of wild rice, often the first year of production is better, the second year is the beginning of the phenomenon of gray wild rice, male wild rice, the third year of seed dun can not do the seed, a large number of gray wild rice, male wild rice, the yield is greatly reduced. If you use gray water bamboo, male water bamboo seed pier or planting, the second year is still gray water bamboo and male water bamboo, will never become normal water bamboo.
Before the harvest of wild rice in the fall, select the early pregnancy of wild rice, wild rice meat is strong and tender, the main wild rice and tiller wild rice harvest period is the same, no gray wild rice, no pests and diseases, surrounded by no male wild rice of the good single plant, inserted as a mark, found gray wild rice, male wild rice should be leaf knot as a mark, to the second year of the spring dunnage, the first gray wild rice, male wild rice dug up with the roots. Each 667m2 field needs 200-300 dun. Selected good seed plants to be harvested, in mid-December to mid-January of the following year, the seed wild rice bushes dug up with roots. Wild rice seed plants to the surface down 1-2 sections of underground stems sprouting buds for effective tillers, so the seed plants should be excised from the uppermost and lowermost sections, leaving the middle section of the cuttings for planting. False planting row spacing of 1250px, plant spacing 375px, every 5-6 rows to leave 2000px of the aisle, false planting depth to Qi Zizania dun mud to the extent that, and to maintain a 1-50px shallow water layer. In order to promote the pseudo-planting seedlings early root sprouting, to prevent freezing, seedling field can be used to cover the film, can make wild rice early growth and development, so as to early maturity and improve yield. When the pseudo-planting seedling is alive, 3-4kg of ammonium bicarbonate can be applied per 667m2 of seedling field to promote seedling growth. Spring on the rhizome dense, tiller crowded wild rice dun, when the seedling height of about 250px should be weak tillers removed, while the inter-root pressure 1 mud, so that the tiller buds to the surrounding spread, in order to improve the nutrient status and inter-plant ventilation and light. 1 week before transplanting and planting, remove the growth potential is too strong, tend to "male" seedlings, in order to reduce the occurrence of male wild rice. Sprouting from the stolon "swim wild rice" can not be used as seed wild rice.
Two, cultivation points
1. wild rice field selection, ploughing and fertilization wild rice field should choose a good light, the land is flat, deep soil, there is a water source of water retention and fertilizer strong field, to cool water through the paddy fields, or near the reservoir can be used to take advantage of the reservoir area of the deep water irrigation plots is best.
Till wild rice field, every 667m2 into the rotted farmyard manure 3000kg or concentrated human urine 2500kg, such as the previous rice field, but also to increase the amount of fertilizer, and harrowing, and then flooding 2-75px, so that the field is flat, the mud is rotten, the fertilizer is sufficient.
2. timely planting (refers to spring planting) April to early May, when the wild rice seedlings about 500px high, paddy field soil temperature of 10 ℃ or more can be moved to planting. If you choose to use the old wild rice dun seedlings, this time the old wild rice dun dug up, with a quick knife in the direction of the tiller born, according to the 3-5 sound tiller for 1 dun longitudinal split dun, dun requirements with the old stems, split as little as possible when injuring the tiller and the new roots, and to do with the digging, with the points, with the planting. If wild rice seedlings are too high, you can cut off the tip of the leaf, so that the height of the seedlings to maintain 25-30em, to prevent the planting of the fall. Planting density is generally 70-80em row spacing, pier spacing 1625px, and divided into small and large rows, large rows. Every 667m2 planting about 1200 dun, to ensure that 6000 basic tiller seedlings. Planting depth to the degree that the old stem Carex tube with no soil, to sunny afternoon planting is good.
3. Water level management wild rice water level management to "shallow a deep a shallow" as the principle. After planting the pre-growth (tillering before), maintain a shallow water level of 3-125px, is conducive to raising the ground temperature, and promote rooting and tillering; to the late tillering in June, deepen the water level to 12-375px, in order to inhibit the occurrence of ineffective tillering, due to the high temperature of July-August, the deeper the water level also has the effect of cooling, but should be regularly changed, to prevent the soil from lack of oxygen caused by rotting roots; to enter the period of water bamboo, the water level should be deepened to 15-450px, the water level should be increased to 15-450px, to prevent the soil from lack of oxygen caused by rotting roots. should be deepened to 15~450px, but not more than "wild rice eye" position (the highest water level should not exceed 2/3 of the pseudostem), to prevent the Carex tube elongation; the later stages of wild rice, the water level should be lowered to 3-125px, in order to facilitate the harvesting; after harvesting, wild rice fields should be kept in a shallow water layer or wet state over the winter, can not be drought.
In each fertilizer, we should wait for the fertilizer to be absorbed into the loam before irrigation, such as heavy rainfall, attention should be paid to timely drainage, to prevent the elongation of Carex tubes due to the water level is too high.
4. staged fertilizer (1) seedling fertilizer: wild rice seedlings planted 7-10 days after the survival of 667m2 Shi manure 500kg or ammonium bicarbonate 15-20kg seedling, such as wild rice field base fertilizer enough to reduce the amount of fertilizer. (2) Tiller fertilizer: in the early tillering stage (about 10 days apart from the first fertilizer), 667m2 1000kg of human feces or ammonium bicarbonate 20-30kg, to promote the effective tillering and plant growth; if there is no seedling lifting fertilizer, it should be appropriate to advance tillering fertilizer. (3) regulating fertilizer: in the tillering period of June-July, depending on the growth of the plant should be fertilized, generally 667m2 ammonium bicarbonate 10-15kg, such as strong plant growth can not be applied. (4) Zizania fertilizer: when the new wild rice 10% - 20% of the tiller seedlings pseudostem has become flat (beginning to pregnant water bamboo), at this time should be reapplied to promote wild rice fertilizer, promote fleshy stems to expand, improve yields, the general 667m2 Shi putrefied human feces and urine 2500~3000kg, or ammonium bicarbonate 30-40kg. wild rice fertilizer to be applied at the right time, too early to apply, the plant has not yet been pregnant water bamboo, prone to cause prolongation, thereby delaying the pregnant water bamboo; late application, can not catch up with the pregnant water bamboo; the late application, can not catch the pregnant water bamboo; the late application, can not catch the pregnant water bamboo. Late Shi, can not catch up with the fertilization needs of water bamboo, then affect the yield.
5. Plow the field, remove the yellow leaves of wild rice planted into the living should be promptly plowed weed, in order to protect the tiller seedlings, plow the field from near and far, in order to prevent injury to the tiller seedlings. Cultivate the field to no weeds, mud but solid, field soil leveling is good. In the late June wild rice tiller late, crowded bushes, should be promptly removed from the base of the plant old leaves, yellow leaves, in order to promote ventilation and light, to promote pregnant wild rice, every 7-10 days to pick yellow leaves 1 time, **** 2-3 times. The yellow leaves will be peeled off at any time to step into the field mud, can be used as fertilizer.
6. Prevention and control of pests and diseases in alpine wild rice, the main pests are greenfly, stem borer, stem borer, thrips, aphids and so on. Long green fly cluster in the leaf damage, resulting in leaf yellowing and yield loss; stem borer, stem borer larvae in the water bamboo period harm wild rice meat; thrips, aphids cluster damage to young leaves, resulting in the tip of the leaf yellowing and curling. Preventive measures: 7-10 days after planting to harvest, every 12 days spraying 1 time for prevention, long green lice, thrips can be 40% Rogaine 1000 times liquid, 25% pesticide 2000 times liquid, 2.5% Tianwangxing emulsifiable oil 1000-1500 times liquid; stem borers, stem borers with 5% Sharp Jint 1000 times liquid, Bt series of wettable powder 800 times liquid, 5% inhibit Tabo The borer with 5% Ruijinte 1000 times, Bt series of wettable powder 800 times, 5% inhibition of too much oil 2500 times, 80% dichlorvos emulsion 1000 times, 18% insecticidal double 800 times; 20% triazophos 800-1000 times, 25% imidacloprid 600-800 times or 20% good year winter 1000 times, alternating sprays.
The main diseases of alpine wild rice are wild rice rust, huperzia blotch, blight, harming the leaves and fleshy stems, so that the leaves and fleshy stems withered and dried, especially in the high temperature season, affecting the yield of the disease is serious. Preventive measures: wild rice rust in the early stage of the disease, with 20% powder rust Ning 1500 times liquid, 97% enemy rust sodium 500 times liquid, 70% Dyson manganese zinc 700 times liquid or 40% Fukushin 8000 times liquid spray, every 7 ~ 10 days spray 1 time, **** 2-3 times. Various agents should be used alternately. Hemp spot disease can be prevented with 50% pohain 1000 times liquid or 50% carbendazim 500 times liquid. Stripe blight can be prevented with 5% wellbutrin 300 times solution. In wild rice into the water bamboo period, prohibit the use of fungicides, so as not to kill the black powder fungus, resulting in wild rice is not pregnant wild rice, so the prevention of disease must be carried out in the pre-growth period of the plant (tillering before).
Three, harvesting
Mountain wild rice is generally in early July began to pregnant wild rice, mid-August to early September harvest, 20 to 30 days earlier than the plains of autumn wild rice harvesting. Different climatic conditions, especially high and low temperatures, will affect the wild rice breeding time and harvesting period. Harvesting cut off the Caretaker tube, cut off the leaves, leaving the leaf sheath 40em, with the leaf sheath of wild rice immersed in water can be stored for 3~5 days (if the cold storage, can keep fresh for 60-70 days). Generally from the beginning of pregnancy wild rice to harvest about 14-18 days. Harvesting too early, the fleshy stem has not yet fully expanded, low yield; harvesting too late, the wild rice meat becomes green, quality decline, and easy to form gray wild rice. After entering the harvest period, it should be harvested every 3-4 days. The general 667m2 production of wild rice shells about 1600kg.