1) light: adequate light on the growth of cabbage is critical, especially in the nutrient growth stage, strengthen the light time can promote growth and development. Cabbage nutrient growth stage average day at least 7-8 hours, as long as this can meet the growth requirements.
2) temperature: in different periods, the needs are different. "Seedling stage" is the seed germination, the appropriate temperature is around 20-25 degrees. Less than 20 degrees below, the germination period is long and seedling emergence is slow. Above 25 degrees Celsius, germination is rapid, but the seedling is weak and prone to rotting. "rosette period" for the growth of cabbage rosette is a critical moment, the temperature is suitable for the degree of 17-20 or so, the rosette growth in this temperature range is rapid and healthy, below this when the growth is slow, beyond this range, rosette leaves due to overgrowth of vigorous growth and weakening, and in one is the poor resistance to pests and diseases and its easy to contract Pest and disease resistance is poor, and it is easy to be infected by pests and diseases. "Ball period" for the most stringent temperature requirements is the ball period, cabbage organ formation of the important moment, the appropriate temperature between 12-22 degrees, in this range of ball leaves grow rapidly, when the temperature below the ball leaves grow slowly, in the temperature has been below 5 degrees, the ball leaves will stop growing. When the temperature is higher than 27 degrees, there will be the phenomenon of heart leaf rot. The temperature range for the "shoot stage" is 12-19 degrees. "Flowering and podding" for the temperature requirements of the temperature difference can not be too large, to maintain a constant temperature, the average temperature between 18-25 degrees, below this temperature is not normal flowering, higher than this temperature, the plant will also be rapidly senescence, can not be sufficient to grow into the seed, and even can not bear fruit.
3) water: the importance of the growth and development of cabbage is self-evident, the amount of water needed due to its growth period, cultivation methods and cultivation level, different seasons, different natural conditions and differences, the lifetime water needs are divided into the following stages: "seedling stage" is mainly in the sowing of seeds before the need for high soil moisture, so as to ensure the seedling neat. The "emergence stage" is mainly before sowing and requires high soil moisture to ensure neat emergence. If the soil is dry, the seeds at the time of sprouting will dry out and die because of their small size, thin soil cover after sowing, and temperature changes at the sowing level. In the "seedling stage", the young leaves are few and the leaf area is small, but the transpiration of the leaves is large. Moisture should not be too much, otherwise it will affect the root system to the depth of the development, generally have to master the principle of small water irrigation, grasp the three water seedlings, five water to set the tree is good. "rosette stage" to ensure that the soil is loose, moderate watering, keep the amount of water stable. In this stage is also the high incidence of downy mildew and spread, pay attention to the control of disease. "Ball stage" is the rapid growth of the ball leaves, but also the period of the greatest need for water, frequent watering to keep the ground not dry. It is important to keep the ground watered regularly to keep it dry. You should not irrigate with large amounts of water or it will be susceptible to soft-rot disease when it becomes waterlogged. It is best to use furrow irrigation, the amount of water to not flood the ground as appropriate, quick irrigation and drainage.
4) soil: cabbage on the soil adaptability is very strong, to the soil layer is deep, loose and fertile, aeration and water retention, good drainage, high organic matter content of the soil is good. For the soil nutrient requirements are very high, especially for nitrogen fertilizer requirements are very high.
5) mineral nutrition:In the whole production process, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three elements of the absorption ratio is 4:2:5, so the three elements should be rationed application. When too much nitrogen and not enough phosphorus and potassium, cabbage plants grow in vain, the leaves are large and thin, the ball is not tight, and there is a lot of water content, the quality is reduced, and the resistance to disease is also weakened. Phosphorus is an important component in the formation of nucleoprotein, which can promote cell division and carbohydrate synthesis. Insufficient phosphorus fertilizer, cabbage will be stunted, dark green leaves, plant dwarf. If a serious lack of phosphorus cabbage leaf color will be purple. Potassium it can promote the nutrients manufactured by the outer leaves quickly to the ball leaves, fertile growth robust, fast and tight package heart, can improve the quality of cabbage. Insufficient potassium fertilizer will lead to yellowing of the edge of the outer leaves of the cabbage, burnt brittle and fragile, nutrient reduction, yield decline. Calcium deficiency will appear leaf edge rot or leaf autumn center withered yellow "dry burning heart"; lack of inf infants will cause the inner petiole tissue corky, color from brown to black brown, leaf shriveling or even dead, poor knotting, affecting the quality and yield of cabbage.