Question 1: What are the poisonous mushrooms? It’s best to have pictures. Mushrooms have become the “darling” of people’s dining tables in recent years because of their good taste and high nutritional value. But while people are enjoying delicious food, they should also be more vigilant about the dangers posed by poisonous mushrooms.

Wild mushrooms frequently injure people

Recently, Beijing Ditan Hospital admitted two patients with liver damage and blood system damage due to food poisoning, and the culprit of the two poisonings was It was the poisonous mushrooms they picked themselves.

It is understood that poisoning incidents caused by eating wild mushrooms occur every year. Since this year, many poisonous mushroom poisoning incidents have occurred in various parts of the country, resulting in many deaths. According to statistics, although the number of people poisoned by poisonous mushrooms only accounts for 5.1% of the total number of food poisonings, it accounts for more than half of the deaths. Poisonous mushrooms are very toxic and have an acute onset. Generally, you will feel unwell within a few hours after eating them. The clinical manifestations of poisoning are complex and diverse. They are generally divided into five types: gastroenteritis type, neurological type, hemolytic type, organ damage type, and solar dermatitis type. Types, among which the organ damage type is the most serious and has an extremely high mortality rate.

Many people have this experience. Picking some fresh wild mushrooms when going out for an outing is both fun and satisfying. As everyone knows, this may bring danger to themselves - it is difficult for people to identify whether wild mushrooms are poisonous in daily life, and there is no way to tell with the naked eye and feeling, so they are often poisoned by accidental eating. Therefore, experts remind people that most areas of our country are currently in the rainy season. At the same time, it is also the season of high incidence of poisonous mushroom poisoning. Consumers should be careful to prevent poisonous mushroom poisoning.

Poisonous mushrooms are difficult to identify

It is understood that there are more than 180 kinds of poisonous mushrooms in my country, of which at least 30 kinds can cause death. According to experts, people simply cannot tell whether mushrooms are poisonous based on common sense. Only people with professional knowledge of fungi classification can tell. Therefore, it is not safe to pick mushrooms based on experience alone. Many of the currently circulating methods for identifying poisonous mushrooms are actually unreliable. So far, there is no easy way to identify it. Moreover, many edible fungi are very similar to toadstools, and some even require the help of experts to accurately identify them. Relevant experts pointed out that identifying toadstools and edible fungi based on traditional experience and methods is the main cause of poisoning caused by accidentally eating toadstools.

Experts warn that it is not reliable to use bright colors, warts, spots and other characteristics to determine whether mushrooms are poisonous. To avoid poisonous mushroom poisoning, people should not pick up mushrooms casually or eat unfamiliar mushrooms easily. According to reports, there is no specific treatment for poisonous mushroom poisoning, so the prevention of poisonous mushroom poisoning is extremely important. We should not relax our vigilance about wild mushrooms sold in the market. Once nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea occur within a short period of time after eating wild mushrooms, you should seek medical attention as soon as possible.

Be sure to cook mushrooms thoroughly when eating them in restaurants

In addition to avoiding eating mushrooms in the wild, consumers should also be vigilant even if they eat mushrooms in restaurants. Experts said that although the mushrooms eaten in restaurants are edible, some consumers have experienced mild symptoms of poisoning after eating them. There are three possibilities for these poisonings: first, when wild mushrooms are purchased, they are mixed with strains that are not suitable for consumption, or edible mushrooms that grow next to poisonous plants are toxic; second, excessive consumption causes gastrointestinal discomfort; Third, wild edible fungi are not cooked thoroughly. Some wild edible fungi are poisonous when they are raw, but the toxicity will disappear after being cooked at high temperatures.

Experts suggest that restaurants that specialize in wild fungi should be equipped with a fungus identification expert. First, they can help the restaurant identify whether the purchased fungi are toxic. Second, they can also provide on-site guidance to customers. Consumers are also advised to ask the hotel in advance whether it has an "identification report" of fungi.

In addition, experts also remind that mushroom poisoning should be treated as early as possible. Methods such as inducing vomiting, gastric lavage, catharsis, and vaginal discharge are key measures to reduce the absorption of poisons, alleviate the condition, and reduce mortality.

Question 2: What kind of mushroom is the mushroom in the picture? Poisonous? Don't eat indiscriminately, be careful about planting poison.

Most poisonous mushrooms have weird shapes and bright colors, but there are also poisonous mushrooms that only experts can identify. To be on the safe side, it's best to stick to common edible mushrooms.

Poisonous mushrooms cannot be detected with a silver needle. If you want to know whether the mushrooms are poisonous, I have a clever trick. Boil the mushrooms in water and add ginger at the same time. If the ginger turns black, that’s what it means Mushrooms are poisonous, do not change color and are not poisonous.

1. Growth zone. Edible non-toxic mushrooms mostly grow in clean grassland or on pine and oak trees, while poisonous mushrooms often grow in dark, moist and dirty areas.

2. Color. The surface of poisonous mushrooms is brightly colored, including red, green, jet black, purple and other colors. Especially purple ones are often highly toxic and easy to change color after picking.

3. Shape. The cap of non-toxic mushrooms is relatively flat, the umbrella surface is smooth, there are no wheels on the mushroom surface, and the lower part is sterile. The poisonous cap is convex in the center and has a strange shape. The mushroom surface is thick and hard, and there are bacterial rings on the stipe. The handle is slender or thick and easy to break.

4. Secretions. Tear off the stipes of picked fresh wild mushrooms. The non-toxic secretions will be as clear as water (sometimes white), and the mushroom surface will not change color after being torn off. The poisonous secretions will be thick and reddish-brown and will easily change color in the air after being torn off.

5. Smell. Non-toxic mushrooms have a special aroma, while poisonous mushrooms have strange smells, such as spicy, sour, and fishy smells.

6. Test. When picking wild mushrooms, you can rub green onions on the mushroom caps. If the green onions turn green-brown, it means they are poisonous. If they do not change color, they are not poisonous.

7. Cook test. When cooking wild mushrooms, put a few rushes, some garlic or rice and cook together. When the mushrooms are cooked, the rushes turn green or purple, which is poisonous. Those that turn yellow are non-toxic. Garlic or rice change color and are poisonous, but remain true to color if they do not change color. It is non-toxic.

8. Chemical identification. Take the suspected mushrooms collected or bought, take out the juice, soak it with paper, and immediately add a drop of dilute hydrochloric acid or white vinegar on it. If the paper turns red or blue, it is poisonous.

Question 3: What kind of mushrooms are poisonous? There are no characteristics that can clearly distinguish poisonous and non-toxic mushrooms. You must definitely recognize a certain mushroom to determine whether it is poisonous. Some people say that it is unreliable to check whether the color is bright and whether there are sterile trays and bacterial rings. Also bright in color, blood-red milk mushrooms, orange capped mushrooms, and red mushrooms are all non-toxic and delicious, while red mushrooms are poisonous; among the white mushrooms, Amanita albus, Amanita scaly-stem, and Amanita caprifolia are highly poisonous, while Pleurosporium purpurea and White Orange Cap are also white, but they are non-toxic and delicious. Most of the mushrooms with both stipes and rings are poisonous, but Orange Cap and White Orange Cap are exceptions. So don’t believe those statements like “poisonous mushrooms are brightly colored”, they are the most misleading. In fact, the two most poisonous mushrooms, Amanita leucophylla and Amanita scaly-stem, which poison most people, are not brightly colored.

The picture below is a picture of two non-poisonous mushrooms, Russula russula and Orange cap. Look how bright they are -

Question 4: Pictures of poisonous mushrooms

Question 5: How many kinds of poisonous wild mushrooms are there? Do you have pictures? There are about 100 kinds of poisonous wild mushrooms in my country, and 10 kinds can cause serious poisoning in people. Most poisonous mushrooms have low toxicity and the symptoms of poisoning are mild. However, some mushroom toxins are extremely toxic and can kill people quickly. The composition of the toxins contained in poisonous mushrooms is not fully understood. The most toxic toxins include the following: poisonous peptides mainly damage the liver; amantoxin causes liver and kidney damage; muscarine acts similarly to acetylcholine; phosphatoxin causes hallucinations and mental symptoms; and anthrax causes the destruction of red blood cells. Poisoning manifestations: Different toadstools contain different toxins and cause different poisoning manifestations, but they can generally be divided into the following four categories: 1. Gastroenteritis type: Patients with this type develop weakness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and watery diarrhea 10 minutes to 2 hours after eating mushrooms. Recovery is faster and prognosis is good. There are many mushrooms that produce such symptoms, such as: red mushrooms, milk mushrooms, porcini mushrooms, orange-red toadstools, toadstools, moonlight fungi, wax caps, ring stem mushrooms, etc. 2． Neuropsychiatric type: In addition to gastroenteritis symptoms 10 minutes to 6 hours after eating, there are also miosis, increased salivation, excitement, hallucinations, staggering gait, etc. 3. Hemolytic type: The incubation period is 6 to 12 hours. In addition to gastroenteritis, there are also hemolytic symptoms, such as anemia and hepatomegaly. This type of poisoning can often be cured after treatment with adrenocortical hormones and blood transfusions. 4. Liver disease type: Gastroenteritis type symptoms appear 10 to 30 hours after eating. Some patients may have a false recovery period, and then develop damage to multiple organs such as the liver, brain, heart, kidneys, etc., but liver damage is the most serious.

Some patients may have psychiatric symptoms. The general course of disease is 2 to 3 weeks. The fatality rate is high. Emergency treatment: Because the incubation period of mushroom poisoning is long, and some symptoms of mushroom poisoning worsen rapidly once they appear, you should go to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment in time after eating suspected poisonous mushrooms. Those who develop symptoms should induce vomiting in time, vomit out all the mushrooms they have eaten, and go to the hospital for emergency treatment as soon as possible.

Question 6: What kind of mushrooms are edible? Take a look at the growth zone. Edible non-toxic mushrooms mostly grow in clean grassland or on pine and oak trees, while poisonous mushrooms often grow in dark, moist and dirty areas. Second, look at the color. The surface of poisonous mushrooms is brightly colored, including red, green, jet black, purple and other colors. Especially purple ones are often highly toxic and easy to change color after picking. Third, look at the shape. The cap of non-toxic mushrooms is relatively flat, the umbrella surface is smooth, there are no wheels on the mushroom surface, and the lower part is sterile. The poisonous cap is convex in the center and has a weird shape. The mushroom surface is thick and hard, and there are wheels on the stalk. The stalk is long and thin or thick and easy to break. Fourth, look at the secretions. Tear off the stalks of picked fresh wild mushrooms. The non-toxic secretions will be as clear as water (sometimes white), and the mushroom surface will not change color when torn off. The poisonous secretions will be thick and reddish-brown and will easily change color in the air after being torn. Five smells. Non-toxic mushrooms have a special aroma, while poisonous mushrooms have strange smells, such as spicy, sour, and fishy smells. Sixth is testing. When picking wild mushrooms, you can rub green onions on the mushroom caps. If the green onions turn green-brown, it means they are poisonous. Otherwise, they are not toxic. The seventh is cooking test. When cooking wild mushrooms, put a few rushes, some garlic or rice and cook together. When the mushrooms are cooked, the rushes turn green or purple, which is poisonous. If the rushes turn yellow, they are not poisonous; garlic or Rice that changes color is poisonous, but rice that does not change color and remains true to its original color is non-toxic. Eighth is chemical identification. Take the suspected mushrooms collected or purchased, take out the juice, soak it with paper, and immediately add a drop of dilute hydrochloric acid or white vinegar on it. If the paper turns red or blue, it is poisonous

Question 7 : What kind of mushroom is this? Is it poisonous? With pictures The closest thing to this is the fungus Leucocoprinus, such as L. cretaceus, as shown in the picture below.

But morphologically, this is too similar to the most poisonous Amanita genus (the genus Amanita, but not only Amanita). Be sure to avoid eating it.

Question 8: Picture of what poisonous mushrooms look like. Poisonous mushrooms, also known as toadstools, refer to species whose fruiting bodies of large fungi can cause poisoning reactions in humans, livestock and poultry after being eaten. There are more than 100 kinds of poisonous mushrooms in my country, and more than 10 kinds can cause serious poisoning in people, and they are widely distributed. Poisonous mushroom poisoning incidents occur every year in my country, and are most common in spring and summer, often resulting in death. On September 1, 2001, more than 1,000 people were poisoned in Yongxiu County, Jiangxi Province, which was the largest poisonous mushroom poisoning incident since the founding of New China. Most poisonous mushrooms have low toxicity and the symptoms of poisoning are mild, but some mushroom toxins are extremely toxic and can cause death quickly. One toadstool may contain multiple toxins, and one toxin may be present in multiple toadstools. At present, the most toxic mushroom toxins are mainly amanitin toxins (toxic peptides, amanitaxin), amanitaxin, amanitaxin, antoxin, and oratoxin.

Question 9: Which mushrooms cannot be eaten? There are thousands of poisonous mushrooms. It's impossible to provide that many pictures here. Let’s search in Baidu Pictures.

Question 10: Do you know which "mushrooms" are poisonous and cannot be eaten? The brighter the color, the more toxic the mushroom is. Edible mushrooms have traces of being eaten by various animals!