Using certain facilities, different kinds of vegetable crops or the same kind of vegetables are planted in layers. This stereoscopic cultivation mode is called spatial stereoscopic cultivation. In space stereo cultivation, crops are planted not only on one plane of the land, but also on several planes artificially constructed in space, which has higher space utilization rate and more considerable yield and efficiency. But the investment is also large, and the required technical level is also high. In order to make full use of three-dimensional cultivation facilities and give full play to their maximum efficacy, they are all carried out in solar greenhouses, plastic greenhouses and other protective facilities. In addition, some other facilities are needed according to the different modes.

(1) shelf-trough three-dimensional cultivation

When carrying out three-dimensional cultivation, a layer of vegetables is planted on the lower ground, and 1-2 layers of vegetables are cultivated in the upper shelf-trough, which is called shelf-trough three-dimensional cultivation.

This kind of shelf tank is characterized by a hollow layer with a certain depth at the bottom. When the nutrient solution is dripped into the tank, the hollow layer can store nutrient solution and supply the vegetables through the matrix infiltration. In this way, the balance among fertilizer, water and gas in the substrate is well solved, which is beneficial to the growth and development of vegetables.

besides using the above materials, shelf-trough stereo cultivation also needs artificial preparation of nutrient solution.

rack-trough stereo cultivation has high space utilization rate, high plant density and high yield, and it is an advanced multi-crop stereo cultivation mode for vegetables at present. Its disadvantages are high density, easy occurrence of pests and diseases, and poor lighting conditions in the lower layer. Its biggest disadvantage is that the facilities are complex and the investment is large, which is difficult for ordinary farmers to bear.

(2) Bed-type stereoscopic cultivation

Bed-type stereoscopic cultivation means that the upper layer is provided with a bed-type bracket for soilless cultivation, and the lower layer is used for cultivating low-light tolerant vegetables.

A variety of light-loving vegetables can be planted on the upper layer of bed-type stereoscopic cultivation, and the light under the bed is weak, so only edible fungi, chives, garlic and other shade-tolerant vegetables can be cultivated.

Bed-type stereoscopic cultivation is also a higher-level stereoscopic cultivation mode, and its advantages and disadvantages are the same as those of rack-type stereoscopic cultivation.

(3) Hanging stereoscopic cultivation

In protected areas, hanging plastic woven bags or flowerpots are used to cultivate light-loving vegetables on the upper layer, and ordinary vegetables are planted on the ground below, which is called hanging stereoscopic cultivation. Hanging stereo cultivation facilities are simple, easy for farmers to accept and use, and easy to popularize in greenhouses. Its disadvantage is that it takes labor to irrigate nutrient solution, and the yield and economic benefit are not very obvious.

(4) Three-dimensional planting of vegetables with artificial columns in the courtyard

In the courtyard, a plurality of columns are made with artificially prepared soil and some containers to increase the utilization rate of space, and the three-dimensional planting mode of vegetables is artificial columns.

Three-dimensional cultivation of vegetables with artificial soil columns can improve the land utilization rate by more than 6 times, increase the yield by a large margin, and have high economic benefits, which is suitable for use in courtyards in rural areas. Its disadvantage is that construction and management are labor-intensive, and it is difficult to popularize in a large area.

(5) There are many other

facilities for multi-cropping and three-dimensional cultivation, such as factory seedling raising facilities, rain-proof cultivation facilities and soilless cultivation facilities, which can be used for multi-cropping and three-dimensional cultivation of vegetables.